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" ^L. P. FISHER'S 

Advertisers' Guide 

CONTAINING 

A. SHORT DESCRIPTION 



OK nlOSK 

Towns and Cities on the Pacific Coast 



IN WHICH 



NEWSPAPERS 

ARK PUBLISHED. 



ISSUED BY 

L. I?. Fisher, Advertising A_gent 

Rooms 20 and 21 Xkw Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 

1 8 TO. 



Excel' ior Press, Jiacon & Company, Printers. 



L. P. FISHER'S 
Advertisers' Guide 

CONTAINING 

.A SHORT DESCRIPTION 

OP THOSE 

Towns and Cities on the Pacific Coast 



NEWSPAPERS 

ARE PUBLISHED. 

/ 




1870. 



c 

G-IRARD'S SECRET. — Stephen Girard used to say in his old age : " I have always considered j 
advertising liberally and long to be the great medium of success in business, and the prelude to wealth. And I 
have made it an invariable rule, too, to advertise in the dullest times as well as in the busiest, long experience j 
having taught me that money thus spent is well laid out; as by keeping my business continually before the public, it j 
has secured many sales that I otherwise would have lost." j 



*s» fc 






Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and seventy, 

By L. P. FISHEE, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



INDEX OF ADVERTISEMENTS. 



CALIFORNIA. 



Advocate.S. F 25 

Alpine Chronicle 17 

Alpine Miner 13 

Amador Ledger 12 

Bacon & Co.. Printers, 

San Francisco 44 

Bakersfield Courier. . . 7 
California Deraokrat. . 21 

Castroville Argus 9 

Chico Enterprise 20 

Clear Lake Courier. ... 16 
Contra Costa Gazette.. 4 
Downieville Messenger 39 
Eureka Independent. . 23 

Evangel 20 

Figaro 42 

Fisher. L. P. Adv. Agent, 
5, 6, 109, 115 

Folsom Telegraph 11 

Fresno Expositor 10 

Gilroy Advocate 39 

Golden Era 19 

Grass Valley Union. . . 11 

Healdsburg Flag 5 

Hebrew Observer 31 

Jackson Ledger 12 

Kern County Courier.. 7 

Lakeport Courier 16 

La Voce del Popolo ... 39 



Los Angeles Star 40 

Lower Lake Bulletin. . 2 
Marin County Journal 10 

Marysville Appeal 43 

Masonic Mirror 30 

Mayfield Enterprise... 35 
Mendocino Democrat 40 
Millerton Expositor. . . 10 

Monitor Miner 13 

Monterey Democrat.. . 36 

Morning Call 36 

Mountain Democrat. . . 37 
Mountain Messenger. . 39 

Napa Co. Reporter 25 

Napa Register 8 

Nevada Gazette 35 

Nevada Transcript 1 

Northern Enterprise . 20 

Northern Record 33 

Oakland Daily News.. 32 

Occident 17 

Orleans Record 33 

Overland Monthly — 41 

Pacheco Gazette 4 

Pacific 29 

Pajaronian 14 

Petaluma Journal and 
Argus 9 



Placerville Democrat. . 43 

Plumas National 19 

Quincy National 19 

Red Bluff Independent 7 
Russian River Flag. . . 6 

Sacramento Union 

Outside cover 

Salt Lake Herald 38 

San Bernardino Guard- 
ian 12 

San Diego Union 12 

S. F. Bulletin 37 

S. F. Cal. Demokrat. . 21 

S.F. Call 36 

S. F. Christian Advo- 
cate 25 

S.F. Evangel 20 

S.F. Golden Era 19 

S. F. Hebrew Observer 31 
S. F. Masonic Mirror.. 30 

S.F. Occident. 17 

S. F. Overl'd Monthly. 41 

S.F.Pacific 29 

S. F. Scientific Press . 18 
S. F. Staats Zeitung.. . 21 
San Joaquin Valley 

Argus 14 

San Jose Argus 27 



San Jose Weekly Mer- 
cury 15 

S. Luis Obispo Tribune 30 



27 



San Rafael Journal 
Santa Barbara Press. 
Santa Barbara Times 
Santa Clara Argus. . . 

Santa Clara Index 'lb 

Santa Clara News 13 

Santa Cruz Sentinel... 14 

Scientific Press 18 

Shasta Courier 16 

Silver Mt'n Chronicle. 17 

Snelling Argus 14 

Solano Republican 1 

Staats Zeitung 21 

Stockton Independent 3 
Suisun City Rep'blican 1 

Tulare Times 30 

Tuolumne City News . . 15 
Ukiah City Democrat. 40 

Vallejo Chronicle 31 

Vallejo Recorder 13 

Visalia Times 30 

Wats'nv'le Pajaronian 14 

Yolo Democrat 27 

Yreka Journal 8 

Yreka Union 20 



OREGON. 



Eugene City State Journal 8 | Oregonian 22 | Oregon State Journal. 



Nevada. 



Austin Reveille 10 

Carson Appeal 36 



Elko Chronicle. . 
Gold Hill News. 



Reese River Reveille 10 

White Pine News 33 



WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 



Olympia Tribune 32 I Port Townsend 



27 I Temperance Echo. 



28 



Pacific Tribnne 32 | Seattle Intelligencer 31 

UTAH TERRITORY. 
Corinne Reporter 24 | DeseretNews 34 | Utah Reporter 24 

VICTORIA, HONG KONG. 

Chinese Dictionary 6 1 Chronicle and Directory 6 1 Overland Trade Report 6 

Chinese Edition Daily Press 6 | Hong Kong Daily Press 6 | 



PREFACE. 



In compiling these pages for an Advertisers' Guide, I have endeavored to avoid exaggeration, but the 
faithful delineator of the Pacific States and Territories can scarcely escape the charge of being an enthusiast. 
With this apology for what may seem too highly-colored, I have simply to state that this little work has been 
prepared to supply a daily want in my own business, and is expressly designed to assist my friends and the 
public in a judicious distribution of their advertisements. It will show the wagon-maker where to advertise 
his wagons; the saw-maker will learn where the lumber-man and saw-mills are to be found, and it points out 
to the dealer in agricultural implements the Counties in which he is most likely to meet with customers for his 
reapers, mowers and plows. I believe it will prove an excellent guide to intending Advertisers, and that 
every business man would find it useful as a book for reference. The towns described are those where News- 
papers are published, and as Del Norte is the only County in California without a newspaper, it is thought that 
these pages afford a tolerably correct picture of the entire State. 

I have a few words to say about the art of Advertising, which few understand. Advertising Agents gen- 
erally, and Newspaper men, as a rule, advocate the idea that it. is profitable to advertise everything, every- 
where, and all the time. The plan has succeeded sometimes, but my advice to advertisers is: Always be res- 
trained by prudence and common sense. When Horace Greeley said; Judicious Advertising will in- 
sure a Fortune, he hit the nail on the head. I know that large sums of money are' often wasted by adver- 
tisers who go to work without a system. 

I am greatly indebted to Cronise's Natural Wealth of California, and to Mr. Henry G. Langley's Pacific 
Coast Almanac and other works, for statistical information, and have made some use of Crofutt's invaluable 
Great Trans-Continental Tourists' Guide. Bancroft's Guide has also been of service, and to Dufur's Statistic* 
of the State of Oregon I am likewise under obligations. My hearty thanks are due to those Editors of interior 
newspapers who have kindly furnished information, without which these pages could not have been written. 

L. P. FISHER, 

San Francisco, October 1st, 1870. Advertising Agent, 

New Merchants' Exchange. 



L. P. FISHER'S ADVERTISING AGENCY. 

Rooms 20 & 21 Merchants' Exchange, California Street, 

A&ENT FOR THE SACRAMENTO UNION. & GREAT TRAIS-COMEENTAL T0DBIST5 GUIDE. 



"Advertising is the Oil which wise men put in their lamps." — Modern Proverb. 



ADVERTISING 
Has created many a new business ; 
Has enlarged many an old business; 
Has revived many a dull business; 
Has rescued many a lost business; 
Has saved many a failing business; 
Has preserved many a large business; 
And insures success in any business. 



TO THE PUBLIC. 

Advertisements and Subscriptions solicited for papers 
published in California, Oregon and Nevada ; "Washington, 
Utah, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Arizona, and adjacent 
Territories; Sandwich Islands, the British Possessions, 
Mexican Ports, Nicaragua, Panama, Valparaiso, Japan, 
China, the Eastern States, Europe, Australia, etc., etc. 



L. P. FISHER is the duly authorized Agent of the following ^Newspapers 



CALIFORNIA. 



TOWN. 



Alameda 

Antioch 

Auburn 

Bakersfield... 

Brooklyn 

Castroville... 

Chico , 

Colusa 

Downievillc . 

Davisville 

Eureka 

Folsom 

Gilroy 

Grass Valley. 
Healdsburg.. 

Hollister 

Independence 

Jackson 

Lakeport 

Lower Lake. . 
Los Angeles.. 

Mariposa 

Martinez 

Marysville . . . 

Mayfield...!!! 
Mendocino... 

Millerton 

Monitor 

Monterey 

Napa City.'.!! 



COUNTY. 



Alameda 

Contra Costa. 

Placer 

Kern- 

Alameda 

Monterey 

Butte 

Colusa 

Sierra 



Yolo 

Humboldt . 



Sacramento. , 
Santa Clara , 

Nevada , 

Sonoma 

Monterey 

Inyo 

Amador 

Lake 



Los Angeles. 



Mariposa 

Contra Costa. 
Yuba 



Santa Clara. 
Mendocino.. 

Fresno 

Alpine 

Monterey... 

Napa 



NAME OF PAPER. ISSUED 



Encinal 

Ledger 

Stars and Stripes 

Courier 

Independent 

Argus 

North'nEn'prise 

Sun 

Messenger 

Democrat 

Advertiser 

North'n Indep't 

Times 

Telegraph 

Advocate 

Union 

Russ'n Riv. Flag 
Central Oalifor'n 

Independent 

Ledger 

Bulletin 

Cl'rLakeCourier 

Star 

News 

Gazette 

Cala. Express... 

Appeal 

Appeal 

Standard 

Enterprise 

Dispatch 

Expositor 

Miner 

Democrat 

Republican 

Register 



Weekly 



Daily 

Weekly 



D.&W 



Weekly 
Daily 

Weekly 
Dailv 

Weekly 



C ALIFOR JM I A— ( Continued . ) 



TOWN. 


COUNTY. 


NAME OF PAPER. 


iSTapa City 

Nevada City . . 

Oakland 

Orleans 

Oroville 

Pacheco 

Petaluma 

Placerville 

Quincy 

Red Bluff. 

Redwood City. 
Sacramento 

Salinas City.. . 
S. Bernardino. 
San Diego 

San Francisco. 

San Jose 

"<an Juan 

S. Luis Obispo. 

San Leandro . . 
San Rafael.... 




Reporter 




Alameda 

Klamath 

Butte 


Transcript 




Transcript 

Northern Record 


Contra Costa... 
Sonoma 

El Dorado.!!'.!! 




Journal & Argus 

Crescent 

Mount. Democ't 




Independent 


San Mateo 

Sacramento 

Monterey 

S. Bernardino.. 
San Diego 

San Francisco.. 

Santa Clara 

Monterey 

San Luis Obispo 

Alameda 

Marin 








standard 

Guardian 

Bulletin 




Chris'n Adv'cate 
Evangel (Bap'st) 

Golden Era 

Masonic Mirror. 


Pac. Churchman 
Spare Hour (Bap 
Mining Press 






Dem. Standard.. 


Journal 



Weekly 
1). & W. 

Daily 



Weeklv 



D.<fc W. 

Weekly 



Dailv 

Weekly 



C ALIFORNI A-( Continued. ) 



San Rafael — 
Santa Barbara. 

Santa Clara. . . 

Santa Cruz 

Santa Rosa 

Shasta 

Silver Mount.. 

Snelling 

Stockton 



Suisun 

Tuolumne City 

Ukiati City 

Vallejo 



Watson ville. . . 
Weaverville... 
Woodland 



Yreka 

Yuba City. 



Marin 

Santa Barbara. 



Santa Clara. 



Santa Cruz.... 

Sonoma 

Shasta 

Alpine 

Merced 

San Joaquin... 



Solano 

Stanislaus . 
Mendocino. 
Solano 



Tulare 

Santa Cruz. 

Trinity 

Yolo 



Siskiyou. 
Sutter.... 



NAME OF PAPER. ISSUED 



News 

Press 

Times ;... 

Index 

News 

Sentinel 

Times 

Democrat 

Courier 

Chronicle 

S. J. V. Argus. 
Independent... 
Independent .. 

Gazette 

Herald 

Pac. Observer. 

Republican 

Republican 

News 

Democrat 

Chronicle 

Recorder 

Solano Dem... 

Delta 

Times 

Pajaronian 

Journal 

Democrat 

Mail 

Journal 

Union 

Banner 



Weekly 



Daily 
Weekly 

Daily 
Weeklv 
D.&W 
Weeklv 



D.<S W 

Dailv 

Weekly 



OREGON. 



Albany ..I Linn 



Albany 

Corvallis 

Dallas 

Dalles 

Eugene City.. 

Jacksonville . . 

La Grande 

Oregon City... 
Portland 



Roseburg 
Salem 



Linn 

Benton 

Polk 

Wasco 

Lane 

Jackson 

Union 

Clackamas.. 
Multnomah. 



Douglass. 
Marion . . , 



State's RightsDem't 

Register 

Gazette 

Republican 

Mountaineer 

State Journal — 

Guard 

Sentinel 

Mountain Dem't 

Enterprise 

Pac ChAdvocate 
Oregoman 



DeutscheZeit'ng 

Ensign . . ; 

Or. Statesman... 
Willamette Far. 
Willamette Mer. 



Weekly 



NEVADA. 



Austin 

Carson City.. 
Elko 

Eureka 

Gold Hill 

Hamilton 

Reno 

Unionville. . . , 

Virginia 

Winnemucca 



Lander 

Ormsby 

Elko 

Lander 

Storey 

White Pine, 

Humboldt . . 

Storey 

Humboldt.. 



Reese R.Reveille 

Appeal 

Independent — 

Chronicle 

Sentinel 

News 

Inland Empire. . 

Crescent 

Silver State 

Enterprise 

Register 



Daily 
Weekly 



Weekly 7 
D.&W. 

Daily 

Semi-W 

Weekly 
Daily 

Weekly 

Daily 
Weekly 



WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 



Olympia , 



Port Townsend 



Seattle 

Steilacoom . . 
Vancouver . . . 
Walla Walla. 



Jefferson. 



King 

Pierce 

Clarke 

Walla Walla.... 



NAME OF PAPEE. ISSUED 



Standard 

Pacific Tribune.. 
Temp'anceEcho 

Transcript 

Argus... 

Message 

Intelligencer 

Western Star 

Register 

statesman 

Union 

Farmer 



Weekly 
D.&W. 
Weekly 



W&Tri 

Weekly 



Mont'ly 



Boise City. 



Idaho City. 
Silver, City. 



UTAH TERRITORY. 

Salt Lake City. I Salt Lake iDeseret News. . ID. & W. 

iHerald D&SW 

Corinne I Box Elder | Utah Reporter. . I Daily 

IDAHO TERRITORY. 

Ada I Statesmen , Tri & W 

" Capt'lChronicle. Semi-W 

" World Weekly 

Owyhee ' Avalanche I " 

MONTANA TERRITORY. 

DeerLodgeCty Deer Lodge iNewNorth-Westj Weekly 

Helena Lewis and Clark Rocky Mt'n Gaz Daily 

Virginia City. . Madison Democrat W eekly 

" " " ' 'Montanian " 

ARIZONA TERRITORY. 

Tucson lEwell j Arizonian I Weekly 

Prescott I Yavapai | Arizona Miner. | " 

COLORADO TERRITORY. 

Denver | | RockyMtHer'ld | Weekly 

NEBRASKA. 
Omaha | Douglas | Republican | D. &W. 

ALASKA. 

Sitka [ Alaska | Alaska Times. . | Weekly 

BRITISH POSSESSIONS. 

Victoria I Vancouver Is.. I Brit. Colonist. . I D. & W. 



Standard. 



Daily 



MEXICAN AND PACIFIC PORTS. 



Panama. 



La Paz 

Mazatlan.. 
Valparaiso 



Panama . . . 

Lower Cal. 

Sinaloa 

Chile 



Star and Herald 

Mail 

LaBaja Cal'a... 

L'Opinion 

West Coast Mail 



Tri-W. 

Weekly 



SAND WLCH ISLANDS. 

Honolulu I Sandwichlsl'nd I Pac Com.Adv'r I Weekly 

I " . " I Gazette | 

JAPAN AND CHINA. 
Yokohama , Japan I Japan Herald. 



Shanghai . . 
Hongkong . 



China |News. 

Victoria Tress 

>IPi 



|D.&W. 
Daily 



i (Chinese Paper) I Press Oflice I Tri-W 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



§;. § . JfelWtf'jS QfaMttiW*' $m&t. 



-$°- 



CALIFORNIA. 



ALAMEDA. 

Alameda is built on the eastern shore of San Fran- 
cisco Bay, upon a peninsula about three and a 
half miles long by one wide, comprising an area of 
nearly 22,000 acres. It is distant L about two miles 
from Oakland, six miles from San Leandro, the 
county seat, and eleven miles from San Francisco' 
with which place it is connected by means of a ferry 
boat every two hours. It is the present terminus 
for freight of the Central Pacific Railroad, and 
trains from the East arrive daily. 

The town was originally laid out by Chipman and 
Aughinbaugh in 1853, since when it has increased 
steadily, and now has a population of about 1,500 
inhabitants. The township contains about four hun- 
dred families, the majority owning the premises 
they occupy. There are two public schools : one at 
Encinal Station, and the other in the upper town, 
or Old Alameda; and a private academy, with 
twenty-five pupils. The Masons and Odd Fellows 
have lodges, and there is a private asylum for the 
insane. One Methodist and one Presbyterian Church 
have been built, and elegant private residences are 
being constantly erected. There are a number of 
miscellaneous business houses in the town, and an 
excellent article of asphaltum pipe is manufactured 
in some quantity, chiefly for the supply of San 
Francisco orders. An extensive wharf has been 
constructed at the "Point," or landing, with 
weather-proof sheds, for receiving and protecting 
merchandise in course of transit to San Francisco, 
to which place it is conveyed in cars across the bay 
by boat. A wharf has also been recently constructed 
at the head of High Street, in the old town, for the 



convenience of a daily line of schooners, running to 
San Francisco. 

Alameda is a favorite resort for San Francisco 
pleasure-seekers. It is beautifully studded with 
oak trees, and is ornamented with several fine and 
attractive parks, of which the u Encinal " is the 
largest and most frequented. The climate is ex- 
ceedingly mild. The westerly winds, so cold and 
penetrating in San Francisco, are mild and refresh- 
ing on crossing the bay to Alameda. The soil is 
remarkably fertile, the water abundant, of good 
quality, and easily obtained. Fruits, cereals, and 
vegetables of the choicest varieties are produced in 
abundance, and some of the best stock in the State 
is raised on the Encinal. 

A bridge and roadway, leading from Mastick Sta- 
tion, in almost a direct line to Webster Street, Oak- 
land, will be completed and open for travel within 
the coming year. This will greatly increase travel, 
and must materially affect the value of property in 
Alameda. 



ANTIOCH. 

Antioch, Contra Costa County, is on Suisran Bay, 
and is the shipping point for a large section of farm- 
ing country. It is situated near the confluence of 
the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers, the outlet 
of the most extensive valleys of the State. The 
Stockton and Sacramento steamers touch at Antioch, 
and vessels of large tonnage may load at the wharf, 
there being at high tide over thirty feet of water. 
Since the settlement of the lands on the San Joaquin 
plain, in the eastern portion of the county, Antioch 



L. P.. FISHER Adyertisiag Agent, Booms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



L. . P. F5SSEE S ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[Cal. 



has greatiy increased in business and importance. 
The manufacturing facilities of the town are also 
great. It is within three miles of the Mount Diablo 
coal mines, acid the principal port for the shipment 
of coal, amounting to over 1,000 tons per month. 
An excellent quality of clay for the manufacture of 
.1 brick and pottery is found here, and there are four 
] extensive brickyards and two establishments for the 
manufacture of pottery. It has also & flour mill, a 
large distillery, a lumberyard, etc. This would be 
.a superior location for .a woolen mill. Experiments 
in silk culture have proved highly successful and 
many thousand mulberry trees have been planted.. 
A state premium of $250 was awarded to a citizen 
of Antioch, under the Act of 1868 for the encourage- 
ment of silk culture. There are two churches at 
Antioch — Congregational and Catholic — a Masonic 
Lodge, one of the Order of Odd Fellows, one of 
Good Templars', and a Tribe of Improved Order of 
Red Men. There are three hotels, two livery sta- 
bles and five general merchandise stores. The town 
has a population of about five hundred, which is fast 
increasing. This does not include the Chinese pop- 
ulation, which is also much larger than it was last 
year. The number of children between five and 
fifteen is 135, as taken by the Marshal for the year 
1870/ 



AUBURN. 

Auburn, the county seat of Placer County, is 
situated on the line of the Central Pacific Railroad, 
thirty-six miles northeast of Sacramento City, and at 
an elevation of 1,385 feet above the sea. It is one 
of the oldest mining towns in the State, having been 
a mining camp of considerable importance, as early 
# as 1849, when it was known as "Wood's Dry Dig- 
gings."' The name of " Auburn" was adopted the 
following winter. The business portion of the town 
is built up with brick and stone fire-proof buildings. 



The Masons and Odd Fellows both have fire-proof 
buildings of their own. The private residences are 
noted for their neatness, as well as their substantial 
character, and are surrounded by orchards and 
gardens and beautiful grounds, where fruits and 
flowers flourish in unsurpassed loveliness and abund- 
ance. 

Auburn is a distributing point for a large extent 
of country lying east of the west fork of the Ameri- 
can River, and all of that section of El Dorado 
County lying north and west of the south fork of 
the American River. It contains five hotels, eight 
stores, fourteen saloons, two large breweries, two 
livery stables, two drug stores, two blacksmith 
shops, one photograph gallery, two wagon shops, 
two shoemakers' shops, one gunsmith shop, one 
bakery, one butcher shop, and two printing offices, 
publishing two weekly newspapers. There are 
excellent schools, and two fine church edifices. Ac- 
cording to the Auburn School Marshal's Census 
Report, the district contains sixty boys and ninety- 
two girls, between the ages of five and fifteen, and 
seventy children of both sexes under five years of 
age. The total population is estimated at 1,200. 

Auburn is surrounded by a region rich with placer 
and other mines. Quartz mining is being prose- 
cuted with vigor ; recently some rich strikes 
have been made, and the prospects of the town 
look brighter than at any time since its settle- 
ment. 

Placer County is one of the most inviting fields 
for immigration and productive industry in the State. 
The Central Pacific Railroad traverses through its 
entire length, and the California Central crosses the 
broader area of the plain country in the western 
portion of the county. It contains some of the best 
orchards and vineyards in California — that of Nick- 
erson having taken many prizes at all the recent 
fairs for the great number, variety and excellence 
of its fruits, wines and brandies. A prize given at 
the State Fair for the best farm of diyersified pro- 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Room 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



CaL] 



fisher's advertisers' guide. 



ductions was awarded to Chamberlin's farm, in this 
county. 

Inexhaustible quarries of very superior granite 
have been opened at Rocklin, Penrhyn and other 
places. The county is very rich in auriferous depos- 
its ; those of Dutch Flat, Iowa Hill, Roach Hill, Da- 
mascus, Deadwood, Last Chance, Forest Hill and 
other points, have been very extensive and fabulous- 
ly rich. Recent developments in various places in 
these districts indicate that the deposits have been 
only partially worked. The Paragon Gold Mine 
has been one of the best paying mines in the State. 
Quartz mining which is now being developed in the 
neighborhood of Ophir and other points in the 
county, is assuming considerable importance. Hor- 
ticulture, silk culture, wool growing, lumbering, etc., 
are among its most promising interests. 

It contains a considerable quantity of good farm- 
ing laud and is well timbered throughout. 

The population of Placer County is estimated at 
15,000. It paid into the State Treasury in 1869, 
$41 ,472.27. The assessed value of real and personal 
property was $4,749,289. The vote for Grant was 
1,988, and for Seymour 1,200. In 1868 there were 
588,618 grape-vines under cultivation, and there 
were manufactured 51,300 gallons of wine and 5,630 
gallons of brandy. 



BAKERSFIELD. 

Bakersfield is built immediately below the point 
where Kern River leaves the hills and enters the 
main valley. It is situated near the geographical 
center of Kern County, ninety-live miles south of 
Visalia, 150 north of Los Angeles, and forty-five 
miles from Havilah, the county seat. It has been 
laid out upon a large scale ; and a good and substan- 
tial levee, constructed some years ago, protects it 
from the river floods. The facilities for irrigation 
are excellent ; water can be conducted to all parts 



of the town, at all seasons of the year; and the 
drift-wood brought down by the stream from the 
mountains, affords a cheap and abundant supply of 
fuel. The scenery is remarkably line. 

Although but a few months have elapsed since it 
was laid out, it already contains one printing office, 
where a weekly newspaper is published, one tele- 
graph office, two general merchandise stores, one 
blacksmith shop, one saddler shop, one carpenter 
shop, one meat market, one photograph gallery, one 
school house, having an attendance of fifty pupils, 
one saloon, one livery stable, one lawyer, and one 
physician. A large hotel and a grist-mill are just 
completed ; several new buildings are under con- 
struction, and other improvements will shortly be 
commenced. 

According to the school census just taken, there 
are in the school district 170 children between the 
ages of five and fifteen ; the number of the boys 
being largely in excess of the girls. The mail and 
express leave weekly for Visalia, a good turnpike 
road crosses the mountains, connecting Bakersfield 
with Owen's River, and the proposed Southern Pa- 
cific Railroad will probably pass through the town, 
or somewhere in the immediate vicinity. 

Kern County contains about 1,400 inhabitants, 
and at the Presidential election of 1868, Seymour 
obtained a majority of 214 votes, out of a total of 
630 votes polled. 

Rich leads of quartz are worked at Havilah, and 
add much to the importance of that town. Near 
Buena Vista, petroleum, of a heavier and less vol- 
atile character than the hydro-carbons of the east, 
has been collected, and shipped to the extent of sev- 
eral thousand barrels. Thousands of acres of land 
are covered with asphaltum. The tillable land in 
the county is not less than 150,000 acres, of which 
a large portion is open to pre-emption. It contains 
171 farms, having 14,015 acres of land inclosed. An 
organized effort is being made to reclaim, and ren- 
der fit for cultivation, about 28,000 acres of land, 



L. F, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Room 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 
10 l. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. [Cal. 



lying principally to the west and south of Bakers- 
field. 

The grain crops in 1868 amounted to 16,500 bush- 
els of wheat, obtained from 550 acres ; 27,180 bush- 
els of barley, obtained from 906 acres ; and 2,000 
bushels of oats, obtained from eighty acres. Only 
4,000 grape vines were cultivated during that year. 
The assessed value of the real and personal prop- 
erty in 1869 amounted to $1,346,500. The State 
Treasury received from this county during the same 
year the sum of $11,583.60. 



BROOKLYN 

Is a town of some importance, situated on the 
eastern shore of the Bay of San Francisco, in the 
County of Alameda, and on the line of the Central 
Pacific Railroad. It is separated from Oakland by 
an arm of the San Antonio Creek, but has easy 
communication with that city by a bridge, which is 
virtually a continuation of Twelfth Street, Oakland. 
The town, at the period of its incorporation by tbe 
Legislature of 1870, contained a population of about 
eighteen hundred, of whom four hundred and eighty 
were children attending the public schools. There 
are four church edifices in Brooklyn — Episcopal, Ro- 
man Catholic, Congregationalist and Baptist. Four 
hotels and several boarding-houses afford excellent 
accommodation to the public, and the business of the 
place is represented by ten general merchandise 
stores, one drug store, three blacksmith shops, one 
millinery establishment, three meat markets, one 
livery stable, two large warehouses for the storage 
of grain, one extensive lumber yard, one large 
flouring mill, ten saloons, etc etc. Among the man- 
ufacturing establishments is a pottery affording em- 
ployment to eight men, three harness establish- 
ments, one carriage manufactory, turning out 
$30,000 worth of work per annum; one tannery, 



running a twelve-horse eugine, and manufacturing 
sole leather to the amount of $25,000 per annum; 
four boot and shoe manufactories, one of them turn- 
ing out 4,500 pairs of ladies and childrens' balmo- 
rals per month ; two tinware manufactories and the 
Oakland Cotton Mills, running a forty horse-power 
engine, and employing eighty operatives. For the 
last eight months these mills have worked burlaps 
from jute, imported from the East Indies, and are 
turning out an article suitable for grain sacks, wool 
bags, etc, which are made up in large quantities 
on the premises. The manufacture of these goods 
has proved so successful that the managers have 
arranged for a considerable addition to the mill, and 
will soon work sixty looms and give employment 
to about two hundred and fifty Avorkmen. The ma- 
chinery, which comprises the very latest improve- 
ments, is supplied from England and Scotland, and 
produces a fabric that will compete in quality with 
any imported. An engine of two hundred horse- 
power will soon be in operation. 

Brooklyn is favorably situated for commerce, pos- 
sessing an extensive back agricultural country, and 
a depth of water at the wharves sufficient to float 
the largest vessels. Two steamboats, besides sail- 
ing vessels, ply regularly to and from San Fran- 
cisco, the freight business being chiefly confined to 
the transportation of grain, cattle, etc. The pas- 
senger traffic is principally by the San Francisco and 
Oakland Ferry and Kailroad, which has its termi- 
nus at this town, making the round trip eight times 
every day. 

The locality of Brooklyn is rendered attractive by 
its rolling surface and picturesque views. The 
ground rises gradually from the water-front to the 
foothills of the Coast Range, which forms the east- 
ern boundary, and from the heights a pleasing view 
of the Bay and of San Francisco, including the 
Golden Gate and the surrounding country, is ob- 
tained. Rails for street cars are about being laid 
through its principal streets, which are also about to 



L. P. FISHIER, Advertising Agent, Room 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



L. P. fisher's advertisers' guide. 



11 



be lighted with gas. Brooklyn boasts of many 
handsome residences with highly cultivated grounds, 
evidencing much taste and refinement on the part 
of the owners. 

A first-class hotel, three stories in height, and pre- 
senting a frontage of three hundred feet, is soon to 
be erected, at a cost of $100,000. This will fur- 
nish to the citizens of San Francisco, at a conven- 
ient distance from their places of business, a pleas- 
ant suburban resort much desired by those who 
wish to escape the dust and high winds of the 
city. 

The new road bordering on Lake Merritt, at the 
Brooklyn side, and leading to the White Sulphur 
Springs, at Piedmont, and thence round to Oak- 
land via Mountain View Cemetery and Broadway 
extension, furnishes a route for driving that has no 
superior even in Oakland. The " Piedmont "White 
Sulphur Springs" axe situated only a few minutes' 
ride from the center of Brooklyn, in a canon north- 
east of the town. The water is strongly impreg- 
nated with sulphur, which is perceptible at a con- 
siderable distance from the springs. These are 
acquiring considerable notoriety, and are daily re- 
sorted to by many who fancy that a physical benefit 
is derived from imbibing its waters freely. 



CASTKOVILLE. 

Castroville is situated in Monterey County, on 
high rolling ground, in the lower part of Salinas 
Valley, about two miles and a- ha If from the most 
eastern part of the Bay of Monterey, and about two 
miles from Moss & Beadle's and Castroville Land- 
ings. It is bounded on the soutlrwest by the Tem- 
bledera, a stream which separates the Moro Cojo 
Ranch, on which Castroville is built, from Cooper's 
Ranch ; on the southeast, it is bounded by a deep 
arm of the Moro Cojo Slough, an estuary of the bay, 



connecting with the mouth of Salinas River. The 
major part of the Rancho de Moro Cojo is still owned 
by the Castro family. 

The distance from San Francisco by the mail route 
— via Watsonville and Cilroy — is about one hundred 
and ten miles ; from Monterey City, the county seat, 
sixteen miles ; from Salinas City, ten miles ; from 
San Juan South, sixteen miles, and from Watson- 
ville, eleven miles. 

Communication with San Francisco is attained by 
stage to Watsonville and Gilroy, and from thence by 
rail ; also, by steamer from Moss & Beadle's and 
Castroville Landings. The trip either way occupies 
from ten to twelve hours time. 

The first houses were built in 1864. The present 
population is estimated at about eight hundred ; the 
dwellings are of a good, comfortable and permanent 
character. 

There are five general merchandise stores ; one 
clothing store ; two variety stores ; one drug store ; 
one jeweler's store ; one butcher shop ; three shoe- 
maker shops ; one harness and saddler's shop ; one 
millinery ; two blacksmith shops ; one machine 
shop ; three wagon shops ; two carpenter shops ; 
one lumber yard ; one livery stable ; one hay and 
feed yard ; one flour mill ; one bakery ; one brew- 
ery ; two hotels ; six saloons ; one barber shop ; 
two physicians ; one surveyor ; one notary ; one 
lawyer ; telegraph, express and Post offices ; two 
paint stores; one printing office, publishing a weekly 
newspaper; a very prosperous lodge of Odd Fel- 
lows ; a very promising Masonic Lodge ; and a re- 
cently organized but promising Tent of the Indepen- 
dent Order of Rechabites. There are four halls, a 
neat Catholic Church, and one large and commodious 
public school-house. Divine services are held every 
Sabbath by ministers of the Preshyterian, Metho- 
dist Episcopal and Methodist South denominations. 

The water is excellent, and the general healthi- 
ness of the locality cannot be surpassed. Since the 
settlement of the town there have been but few T 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



12 



L . P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[Cal. 



deaths, and the most of them have been of very aged 
persons. 

Tbe roads from Watson ville, San Juan, New Re- 
public, Natividad, Monterey, Salinas City and the 
Landings all center here, and exports from, or im- 
ports into Salinas Vadey, must pass through Castro- 
ville, occupying as it does the narrow peninsula 
running down to the landings, between the streams 
above named. This gives tbe place trade relations 
with the entire valley and its environs. The land 
in the vicinity is very fertile, portions of it almost 
incredibly so ; and the proximity of the bay renders 
certain a fair crop in the driest season. 

A wooded tract of low hills, about three miles off, 
renders fuel abundant and cheap. 

The number of votes registered in the precinct in 
1869 was 412. 



CHICO. 

Chico is the most populous town in Butte County, 
and one of the prettiest on the Coast. It is located 
in one of the richest agricultural districts of the State, 
between Big and Little Chico Creeks, six miles east 
of the Sacramento River, twenty-four miles north of 
Oroville, tbe county seat, and ninety miles north of 
Sacramento City. Ten years ago it was only a way- 
side stage station, consisting of General Bidwell's 
adobe ranch, house and hotel combined ; now, it 
contains 2,500 inhabitants, and as a place of business, 
ranks among the first of the interior towns of Cali- 
fornia. A fine wagon-road across the Sierra Nevada 
mountains connects it with Susauville, in Lassen 
County. The California and Oregon Railroad is com- 
pleted to this place, connecting it with Sacramento, 
which can now be reached in three hours. During 
the summer, a weekly line of steamers plies on the 
river between Chico and Sacramento ; but in the 
winter months there is sufficient business for a daily 



boat in transporting grain and other produce from 
the several landings. 

A few months ago the surrounding agricultural 
lands of the Sacramento Valley were the chief sup- 
port of Chico ; but latterly an additional source of 
wealth has sprung up in its lumber trade, which 
already assumes large proportions. Although 1869 
was the initial year of this new industry, 4,680,000 
feet of lumber were cut during that time, of which 
quantity 2,000,000 feet, all clear sugar pine, was 
shipped to San Fraucisco, commanding in that mar- 
ket as high as $90 per thousand feet. 

Pure cold water is obtained at a depth of eighteen 
or twenty feet, in a strata of gravel underlying the 
rich, loamy soil, and fed direct from the melting 
snows of the neighboring Sierras, whose foothills 
form the eastern border of the town. 

Many fine orchards and vineyards exist in the 
vicinity of Chico, and immediately adjoining it is 
the famous ranch of General Bidwell, which pro- 
duces abundantly all the fruits and plants of the 
temperate and semi-tropical climes. The General 
has lately completed his magnificent residence, the 
work of several years, and requiring the expendi- 
ture of a large sum of money. Large herds of cat- 
tle, flocks of sheep, and bands of wild horses feed 
upon the surrounding plains and adjacent foot-hills. 
Tbe average yield of the grain-producing lands with- 
in the township, is estimated at twenty-eight bushels 
per acre. Placer and hydraulic mines are worked 
in the neighborhood. Cherokee Flat, twenty miles 
distant, is a very rich and extensive mining locality. 
Diamonds of considerable value have been found at 
this place. 

Chico has two public school houses, one of them 
a fine two-story brick building. The aggregate at- 
tendance is 230 scholars, and the total number of 
children in the district between the ages of 5 and 15 
is 335. It also contains a private academy and 
boarding school, with an attendance of nearly 70 
scholars. It supports three clergymen, three attor- 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



CaL] 



FISHER'S ADVERTISERS' GUIDE. 



13 



neys, eleven physicians, two dentists, three general 
merchandise stores, two dry goods stores, one hard- 
ware store, three drug stores, two jewelry stores, 
two fruit and confectioner stores, two furniture 
warehouses, two family grocery stores, two hook 
and stationery stores, two wholesale and retail 
liquor establishments, two cigar stands, two mer- 
chant tailor establishments, three saddler shops, 
four boot and shoe stores, four wagon manufactories, 
two sash and planing mills, one feed mill, two tin- 
ware and stove stores, one photograph gallery, one 
brewery, one bakery, four bricklayers, one brick- 
maker, four paiuters, two milliners, seven black- 
smiths, thirty-three carpenters, one printing office 
publishing one newspaper, three hotels, two restau- 
rants, two boarding houses, three livery stables and 
eight saloons. 

The assessable property of the township of Chico 
was estimated in 1869 at over one million dollars. 
The registered votes within its precints number 800, 
and about six hundred votes were polled at the last 
election for President. 



COLUSA. 

Colusa, the county seat of Colusa County, is sit- 
uated on the west bank of the Sacramento river, 
sixty miles north, by land, of Sacramento City. The 
town was laid out in 1850, by Col. C. D. Semple, 
the owner of the "Colusa" grant, containing two 
Spanish leagues, and no spot of earth ever presented 
a more beautiful appearance in a state of nature, 
than the present site of the town. 

Colusa is the center of a large farming and graz- 
ing district, and will be the market place for a terri- 
tory of over two thousand square miles of as fine 
agricultural land as there is in California. 

The town contains a population of about twelve 
hundred inhabitants. It has one banking institution, 



2* 



four hotels, eight general merchandise stores, three 
drug stores, three livery stables, two blacksmith 
shops, one wagon shop, two tin stores, two saddlery 
stores, ten saloons, one photograph gallery, one 
millinery shop, and a large warehouse capable of 
storing two thousand tons of grain. There are three 
Church edifices — Methodist, Christian, and Catholic, 
two public schools, and a private school for 
young ladies. There is one newspaper, the Colusa 
Sun, and printing office, four physicians, and nine 
lawyers. There is not a vacant house, store, or 
dwelling, in town. A large number of improve- 
ments are being constantly carried on ; several large 
buildings are now in course of erection, and the 
Colusa Bank, which is one of the finest buildings 
north of Sacramento, has just been completed. The 
Water Company has succeeded in rectifying its de- 
fective water pipes, and furnishes the town with an 
abundant supply of water. Land in the immediate 
vicinity of town, is worth from ten to fifty dollars 
per acre ; but good farming land can be bought in 
the county, convenient to market, for five dollars 
per acre. 

A weekly steamer runs from Sacramento to Red 
Bluff, stopping at Colusa, while numerous trading 
steamboats ply between Sacramento and the differ- 
ent landings of Colusa and adjoining Counties. 
Two stage lines leave Colusa daily for Marysville, 
connecting with the different lines of railroads and 
steamers, for all points. A company has been in- 
corporated to construct a railroad from Colusa to 
Grass Valley and Nevada City, passing through 
Marysville. 

Colusa County is almost entirely adapted for agri- 
cultural purposes. The attention of its farmers is 
being turned to sheep and hog raising, and much 
capital is invested in the business. A few months 
ago a large tract of Government land, comprising an 
area of about 40,000 acres, was entered by Marys- 
ville capitalists and is being resold to new comers at 
reasonably low rates. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Franoisco, California. 



14 



L. P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[Cal. 



Sulphur in large deposits is found in the western 
parts of the County, and the Hot Sulphur Springs, 
some twenty miles west of town, is a great place of 
resort for invalids. 

According to the assessor's returns, Colusa County 
last year contained a population of 9,500. The as- 
sessed value of real and personal property for 1869 
was $1,000,000; the amount paid into State Treas- 
ury, $33,375.66. The crop of grain in 1868 was 
1,642,380 bushels of wheat, and 506,220 bushels 
of barley. The vote for Grant was 359 ; and for 
Seymour 699. 



DAVISVILLE. 

The very prosperous and growing railroad town 
of Davisville is in Yolo County, on Putah Creek, 
in the midst of an extensive wheat country, and 
will always be the shipping point for the vast 
amount of grain harvested in the vicinity. It is 
situated near the dividing line of Solano and Yolo 
counties, at the junction of the railroads from Val- 
lejo and Marysville, southwest from Woodland, the 
county seat, about fourteen miles. The distance to 
Sacramento is fourteen miles ; to Marysville, forty- 
one miles ; to Vallejo, 46 miles ; and with all these 
cities it is connected by the California Pacific Rail- 
road. A tri-weekly stage connects Davisville with 
Colfax and the intermediate settlements. The town 
contains four grocery stores, three dry goods, va- 
riety and clothing stores, oue hardware store, one 
furniture store, three boot and shoe shops, one bak- 
ery, one butcher shop, two restaurants, three hotels, 
twelve saloons, a Postoffice, an express and tele- 
graph office, one drug store, two barber shops, one 
paint shop, one harness shop, three blacksmith 
shops, three wagon manufactories, one broom fac- 
tory, one printing office, two lumber yards, two 
wood yards, warehouses to store six thousand tons 
of grain, two public halls, a public school building, 



and one church edifice. Three lawyers, three phy- 
sicians and two dentists reside at Davisville, and 
one minister of the gospel. The soil is a black, 
sandy loam of unknown depth, adapted to the cul- 
tivation of almost everything, and the climate is 
equal to that of any other region in the State. Water 
of superior quality is abundant, wood is plentiful, 
and land cheap. At the Reed cocoonery, near town, 
three million silk worms were raised the present 
season, and the proprietor expects to realize many 
thousands of dollars from the eggs alone of this 
year's crop. 



DOWNIEVILLE. 

Downieville, so named after Major Downie, one 
of its pioneer settlers, is situated at the confluence 
of the north and south forks of the North Yuba 
River, in a gap in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, 
known as Yuba Gap. It is the county seat of Sierra 
County, and one of the oldest mining towns of Cali- 
fornia, having been founded in 1850, immediately 
on the discovery of its rich alluvial gold deposits. 
The present population is estimated at about 1 ,200 
inhabitants. The larger portion of the town is 
neatly built of wood, and it contains many beautiful 
private residences and public buildings. It also 
contains one Catholic and two Protestant Churches, 
one Masonic and one Odd Fellows' lodge-rooms, 
one banking house, three jewelry stores, four dry 
goods stores, one hardware store, one drug store, 
one tin shop, three hotels, twelve saloons, two print- 
ing offices — printing two weekly journals — three 
quartz mills, two saw mills, two blacksmith shops, 
two carpenter shops, one saddlery store, one foun- 
dry, one machine shop, two hose manufactories, 
two butcher shops, two shoe shops, two barber 
shops, two breweries, two livery stables, one photo- 
graphic gallery, one telegraph and one express 
office. It is connected with Marysville, sixty-five 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 



Cal.] 



L. P. fisher's advertisers' guide. 



15 



miles distant, by a good wagon road, over which a 
regular line of stages passes three times a week. 
The climate is exceedingly mild during winter, and 
cool during summer. Peaches, apricots, cherries, 
almonds, and all other fruits of the temperate zone 
flourish in Sierra County, which is one of the rich- 
est quartz and gravel mining counties in the State, 
a large number of mines of the former character 
being in the immediate vicinity of Downieville. 
The renowned "blue lead," a stratum of pebbles 
and boulders, tightly packed in a deposit of light 
blue clay and gravel, was first discovered near this 
town. It is very rich in gold, and occupies what is 
generally supposed to be the bed of an ancient river, 
which has been traced, both up and down the 
stream, for many miles, a thousand feet below the 
summits of high mountains, and running entirely 
through them. This stratum varies in depth from 
one and a half feet to ten feet, and in width from 
one hundred and fifty to five hundred feet. Millions 
upon millions of dollars have been taken from this 
antediluvian channel, and the end is not yet. The 
deposits of iron in Sierra County are the most valu- 
able on the Pacific Coast, and an unlimited supply 
of fuel, limestone, and water power is to be obtained 
in their immediate neighborhood. The celebrated 
San Sabra Iron mines, situated in this county, are 
successfully worked by a company of San Francisco 
capitalists. 

Sierra County covers a surface of about fifty miles 
from east to west, and twenty miles from north to 
south, no portion of it. being at a lower altitude than 
four thousand feet above the level of the sea. The 
aggregate population is estimated at about eight 
thousand souls, distributed in eighteen towns and 
villages, whose inhabitants vary in number from 
two hundred to twelve hundred. At the Presidential 
election in 1868, Grant received 1,328 votes, and 794 
votes were cast for Seymour. The value of prop- 
erty, real and personal, according to the Assessor's 
returns for 1869, amounted to $2,246,032, and $18,- 



243.45 was contributed to the State Treasury during 
the same year, 



EUREKA. 

Eureka, the chief town and commercial depot of 
Humboldt County, is two hundred and thirty-three 
miles north of San Francisco, and is situated on the 
east side of Humboldt Bay, a safe, land-locked har- 
bor, twelve miles long and from two to five miles 
wide, with three fathoms water at the entrance at 
low tide. It is also the port of entry for cargoes 
intended for Klamath, Salmon and Lower Trinity 
rivers. It occupies a most eligible site about two 
miles from the beach, midway between the entrance 
into the bay, and the beautifully situated town of 
Areata, located at its northern extremity. The pop- 
ulation is about 2,700, and although many residences 
are constantly in course of construction, the demand 
continues in advance of the supply. Its chief re- 
sources are the extensive forests of redwood which 
surround it, and the ever increasing lumber trade 
of Humboldt Bay, which centers at Eureka. The 
lumber and produce trade, between this port and 
San Francisco, require the regular services of six- 
teen sailing vessels, and of one of the North Pacific 
Transportation Company's steamers, which usually 
carries a full complement of passengers and freight 
three times a month during winter, but only twice 
a month in summer, as it is compelled to extend its 
trips to Umpqua River during that season. The 
number of arrivals and departures at this port, du- 
ring the last year, was four hundred and twenty- 
four. Fourteen of these vessels, after discharging 
foreign cargoes at San Francisco, came to Humboldt 
Bay for cargoes of lumber to foreign ports. During 
the same year, the passenger arrivals and depart- 
ures by sea numbered nearly 6,000, and the lumber 
exported amounted to over 40,000,000 feet. Agri- 
cultural and other produce amounting to nearly 



L, P. FISHEE, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



16 



P. FISHER'S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



[Cal. 



15,000 tons, was also shipped by sail and steam ves- 
sels, besides immense quantities of railroad ties, 
fence posts, shingles, laths and pickets. The im- 
ports of merchandise and machinery, during the 
same time, reached nearly 10,000 tons. 

Eureka contains four public schools — a primary, 
first and second intermediate, and a grammar school; 
also, a well attended private school, and a large and 
prosperous school under the auspices of the Eoman 
Catholics. The number of school children between 
the ages of five years and eighteen, is nearly six 
hundred, and the number who attend the public 
schools is about three hundred. There are four 
churches, owned by the Congregational, Methodist, 
Episcopal and Roman Catholic denominations. A 
small congregation of Presbyterians and another 
of Mormons worship in the public school rooms 
every Sabbath. The Masons, Odd Fellows, Good 
Templars, and Grand Army of the Eepublic, have 
each a prosperous Lodge in the town, w 7 hich also 
contains nine stores dealing in general merchan- 
dise, one hardware store, one dry-goods store, one 
furniture warehouse, two tin and stove stores, two 
drug stores, two book stores, one clothing establish, 
ment, one auction room, two fruit and cigar stores, 
one jewelry store, two markets, seven boot and 
shoe stores, two barber shops, one cabinet-maker 
shop, half a dozen carpenter shops, four blacksmith 
shops, one wagon manufactory, two saddlery stores, 
three millinery establishments, two stone works, 
two plasterers' shops, one tailor shop, two paint 
shops, one photographic gallery, two printing offices, 
issuing two weekly newspapers ; four hotels, three 
restaurants, two bakeries, nine billiard and drink- 
ing saloons, three livery stables, four physicians, 
eight lawyers, one dentist, one United States Land 
Office, and one Inspector of Customs. It has also 
six steam saw-mills, one steam shingle mill, one 
foundry and machine shop, one tannery, and one soap 
manufactory ; also, two ship-yards, which have been 
constantly employed for a number of years. 



The mails to and from San Francisco are carried 
on the regular stage line, which runs three times a 
week via Petaluma, Healdsburg, Cloverdale, and 
Ukiah City. 

After lumbering, the next in importance of Hum- 
boldt County's industries are agriculture, dairying 
and stock-raising. Indications of the existence of 
petroleum are numerous throughout the county ; 
but, although much capital and labor has been ex- 
pended in prospecting, oil in paying quantities has 
not yet been discovered. 

The real and personal property in Humboldt 
County, according to the Assessor's returns for 1869, 
amounted to $1,691,557, and the State Treasurer's 
receipts amounted to $26,308 62. The total number 
of votes cast at the election for President was 
1,275, there being a majority in favor of Grant of 
two hundred and sixty-one votes. 

The crop of grain in 1868 was: wheat, 49,767 
bushels; barley, 20,890 bushels; oats, 127,100 
bushels. 



FOLSOM. 

Folsom, in Sacramento County, is situated on the 
south bank of the American river, twenty-two miles 
northeast of Sacramento City, and contains about 
2,000 inhabitants. It is connected with Sacramento, 
the Capital of the State, by the Sacramento Valley 
Railroad. A railroad is also built, and running as 
far as Shingle Springs, and at some future day may 
be pushed forward' to Placerville, and across the 
Sierra Nevada Mountains to the State of Nevada, as 
originally contemplated. The California Central 
Railroad crosses the river at this point ; there is also 
suspension bridge, the longest in the State. 

The local trade of the lower portions of Placer 
and El Dorado Counties, and the eastern portion of 
Sacramento County, centers here. 

North and east of the town is an extensive mining 



L. P. FI3HER, 


Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, 


San Francisco, 


California. 


Cal-1 


L . p. fisher's advertisers' guide 




17 



district, and to the south and west an extensive 
farming country. The culture of the vine is fast 
taking the lead of all other industries. Around Fol- 
60in are some of the finest vineyards in the State — 
the celebrated Natoma Vineyard in this vicinity, 
being noted for its fine quality of raisins aud wine. 
The raisin grape is extensively cultivated in the 
foothills. The land in the vicinity belongs to the 
government and Central Railroad Company, and 
large quantities are still open for settlement and 
purchase at $1 25 to $2 50 per acre. 

At this point is located the greatest water power 
in the State, but as yet unused for manufacturing 
purposes. Two years since, the Natoma Water and 
Mining Company commenced the building of a sub- 
stantial granite dam across the river, a mile above 
the town, and cut a large canal along the bank of 
the river, which will bring the water five feet above 
the level of the railroad in town, with a fall of over 
sixty feet, that will, when completed, furnish water 
power for thirty mills, besides supplying water for 
mining purposes along a line of fifteen miles. 

There are extensive granite quarries in the vicin- 
ity of Folsom, which supplied material for the base- 
ment of the State Capitol at Sacramento. Large 
quantities of cobble stones have been obtained from 
the bed of the American River at this point, for the 
purpose of strengthening the levees around Sacra- 
mento City, and the majority of the cobble pave- 
ment used in San Francisco is procured from the 
same source. 

The scenery above Folsom is magnificent. The 
town itself is very pleasant, being ornamented with 
shade aud fruit trees, and possessing many fine public 
and private buildings, among which are a number of 
good schools and churches. It also contains a print- 
ing office and publishes a weekly newspaper. 

A large tract of land, capable of producing wheat, 
lying between Folsom, Lincoln, and Bear River, 
is open for settlement. The crops in this locality 
are exceedingly good this year. A bed of hard clay, 



lying several feet below the surface, retains the 
moisture in the soil above throughout the dry sea- 
boii, always insuring a good crop. 



GILROY. 

The town of Gilroy is situated at the terminus of 
the San Francisco and San Jos6 railroad, eighty 
miles fron San Francisco, and is the second town in 
importance and population in the County of Santa 
Clara. It was incorporated in 1870, has a popula- 
tion of about twenty-eight hundred, and is the cen- 
ter of a rich agricultural and grazing district, the 
farming lands being regarded as among the best in 
the State. The climate is agreeable, the hottest 
days being always tempered by refreshing winds 
from the northwest. Located sixteen miles from 
the town of Hollister, twelve from San Juan, and 
thirty from the city of San Jose, it is by position the 
natural business depot for a large extent of country ; 
being the present terminus of the Southern Railroad, 
and connected by daily stages with Hollister, Wat- 
souville, Santa Cruz, Los Angeles, Visalia, and all 
the towns in the southern parts of the State. 

Gilroy has seven hotels, six grocery stores, eight 
general mercantile houses, two drug stores, two fur- 
niture stores, four livery stables, two hay and feed 
yards, two hardware houses, two tin and stove es- 
tablishments, two jewelry stores, two general book, 
stationery and toy stores, one large flour mill, two 
planing mills, two lumber yards, six builders, (con- 
tractors) four wagon makers' shops, two wood yards, 
seven blacksmiths' shops, one gun shop, four boot 
and shoe manufacturing houses, three saddlery stores, 
two millinery stores, six dress makers, two auction 
houses, two tailoring establishments, two bakeries, 
one soda factory, one brewery, one carriage painter, 
three house and sign painters, one photograph gal- 
lery, two undertakers, one general express and 



L. P, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 Mew Merchants' Exchange* San Francisco, California. 



IS 



P. FISHERS ADVERTISE 



GUIDE. 



[Cal. 



banking house, (Wells Fargo & Co.) two telegraph 
offices, a printing office publishing a weekly newspa- 
per, one lime depot, one cigar and tobacco store, 
five frmt and vegetable stores, two meat markets, 
six restaurants, four billiard saloons, six barber 
shops, two public schools, one young ladies' semi- 
nary, one private school, one T. M. C. A., with 
library, and six churches. The Masons, Odd Fel- 
lows and Good Templars have each a lodge, and 
there are nine lawyers, two dentists, and six physi- 
cians. 

The advantages for marketing produce have led to 
much prosperity at Gilroy, and to a steady increase 
in the population. Land near the town is held at 
prices varying from one hundred to five hundred dol- 
lars per acre. 



GRASS VALLEY. 

This is the largest town in Nevada County, and 
the principal gold mining town on the Pacific Coast. 
It is situated four miles from Nevada City, the 
county seat, (with which place it is connected by 
turnpike road) and about thirty-two miles east of 
Marysville. Wolf Creek, a small stream, runs 
through the town, supplying water for irrigation 
and domestic purposes. The bed of this creek was 
once rich in gold, but has not been mined for several 
years. In and around this beautiful town are many 
fine orchards and vineyards, producing ten times the 
quantity of fruit required by the inhabitants. A 
few of the vintners are very successful in manu- 
facturing light wines for table use. Grass Valley 
and Colfax, a station on the Central Pacific Railroad, 
twelve miles distant, are connected by well kept 
turnpikes. A company has been recently incorpor- 
porated for the purpose of building a railroad from 
Colusa, through Marysville, to Grass Valley and 
Nevada, which, when constructed, will add materi- 
ally to the prosperity of the town, especially to the 



manufacture of lumber, for which business great 
facilities exist a few miles east. 

The population within the incorporated limits of 
the town is 4,100. It has six public schools, and 
four others exist in the immediate vicinity. It also 
contains four flourishing private schools, a Masonic 
lodge and Chapter, two Odd Fellows' lodges and 
one Encampment, six churches, one orphan asylum, 
under the charge of the Sisters of Mercy, two hose 
companies, one hook and ladder company, two mil- 
itary companies, one public library and reading room, 
two foundries, at which first-class machinery is 
made, gas works, water works, four breweries, two 
banking houses, express office, telegraph office, one 
daily newspaper, one theater, four public halls, and 
a number of hotels, groceries, saloons, heavy hard- 
ware stores, etc. 

The resources of Grass Valley are principally in 
its quartz mines. Each mine is the nucleus of a 
small village, drawing its supplies from the town of 
Grass Valley. Boston Ravine, Union Hill, Allison 
Ranch, and several other flourishing villages are 
among this class. Seven or eight first-class mines, 
employing from fifty to two hundred men each, are 
located in the immediate vicinity of Grass Valley, 
and there are no less than twenty -five quartz mines, 
all apparently of a permanent character, in course 
of development. Hundreds of ledges are known to 
exist in the neighborhood, which only await more 
favorable times to be worked. 

The neighboring valleys contain several fine farms, 
producing hay chiefly, for which there is a constant 
and profitable market in the town of Grass Valley. 

The population of Nevada County, according to 
the Surveyor General's Report, is estimated at 
20,000. This is evidently a mistake, as Grass Valley 
Township alone contains nearly 8,000. Probably 
'25,000 would be nearer correct. The real and 
personal property in the county in 1869 was valued 
by the Assessor at $5,986,232. Number of votes 
cast in favor of Grant, 3,014 ; Seymour, 2,455. 



L. P. FISHEK, Advertising Agent, Eooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



CaL] 



L. P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



19 



HEALDSBURG. 

Healdsburg is an incorporated town, of about 
sixteen hundred inhabitants, situated in Sonoma 
County, sixteen miles northwest of the town of 
Santa Rosa, the county seat, and twenty miles 
from the ocean. The principal resources of the 
place are farming — the Russian River Valley, in 
which the town is located, being among the best 
wheat, regions in the State. Russian River flows 
along the east side of the town, and Dry Creek, a 
large winter stream, passes by on the west, empty- 
ing into Russian River two miles below the village. 
The town site is a beautiful location. It was first 
settled in 1851, by Mr. Samuel Heald, from whom 
it takes its name. The distance from San Fran- 
cisco is eighty miles ; from Sacramento, by the Val- 
lejo and Sonoma Railroad, it is one hundred and 
three miles ; but via Suscol, on an air-line, the dis- 
tance from the State Capital is only seventy-six 
miles. Healdsburg has a public school and gram- 
mar school with four teachers, one academy with four 
teachers, eight churches, four saloons, two hotels, one 
Masonic, one Odd Fellows', and one Good Tem- 
plars' lodge, one Brass Band, one Singing Society, 
two literary societies, five dry goods stores, four 
grocery and provision stores, one clothing store, 
two drug stores, two jewelers, three livery and feed 
stables, three lawyers, two poultry dealers, four 
physicians, one undertaker, one exchange dealer 
and broker, two tailors, live blacksmith shops, four 
wagon shops, two saddler shops, two paint shops, 
one meat market, two lumber yards, one news- 
paper and job printing office, two book stores, three 
millinery stores, three shoe shops, two barber 
shops, two glove manufactories, one telegraph 
office, one express office, two dentists, one brick- 
yard, one tannery, one brewery, one distillery, two 
nurseries, (near town) one chair factory, two stove 
and tin shops, one photograph gallery, three gun 



smiths, one flouring mill in town, and one within 
three miles. There are three saw mills within 
eight miles of town. 

Skaggs' Springs, fourteen miles from Healdsburg, 
and the Geysers, distant twenty miles, are places of 
great interest to the tourist and invalid, and are 
thronged with guests every season. 

The people of Sonoma County have voted to give 
five thousand dollars per mile to the California 
Pacific Railroad Company, for constructing a rail- 
road from the Napa county line to Cloverdale, 
passing through the towns of Sonoma, Petaluma, 
Santa Rosa, and Healdsburg. It is probable that 
the iron horse will be snorting through Healds- 
burg by the 1st March, 1872, as unless the road is 
completed by that date all bonds issued prior to that 
time will cease to bear interest. 

The following is from the Russian River Flag, 
published at Healdsburg : 

" Quick Growth. — As an instance of the quick- 
ness of our soil we will state the following for the 
benefit of strangers : April 19th, Mr. Joseph 
Knowlaud planted some potatoes, peas, and string 
beans in his garden in town. Last Saturday he 
supplied his table with each of these vegetables, 
just two months and, six days after they were 
planted. We know they were well enough ma- 
tured for table use, as friend K. kindly gave us a 
basketful as a sample." 



HOLLISTER. 

This town, containing about twelve hundred in- 
habitants, is pleasantly situated at the head of the 
Santa Clara Valley, in the northern extremity of 
Monterey County, fifteen miles south of Gilroy and 
eight miles east of San Juan. The town was laid out 
in 1868, on the San Justo Ranch, formerly owned by 
Col. W. W. Hollister. It now contains two hundred 
and fifty buildings. There are lodges of Odd Fel 
lows, Masons, Templars and Rechabites ; eight gro- 



L. P. 


FISHER, 


Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San 


Francisco, 


California- 


20 




l. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. 




[Cal. 



eery stores, five livery stables, four hotels, a restau- 
rant, drug store, saddle and harness store, half a 
dozen blacksmith and wagonmaking establishments, 
a feed mill, a large flouring mill, a brewery, two 
paint shops, two stove and tinware stores, a lumber 
yard and post and express offices. All the smaller 
branches of trade are well represented. The pre- 
cinct poll-list contains the names of over six hundred 
voters. 

An application was made at the last session of the 
Legislature for the creation of a new county out of 
that portion of Monterey east of the Gilroy moun- 
tains, but the project failed. Hollister is situated in 
a rich agricultural region, and should it eventually 
become the county seat of a new county, will be a 
place of considerable importance. 

A weekly newspaper is published at Hollister, 
and the town is connected with Gilroy and San 
Juan by a daily line of stages. 



INDEPENDENCE. 

Independence is a mining town of a few hundred 
inhabitants, the county seat of Inyo County, Califor- 
nia. It contains a newspaper office, two hotels, 
three stores for general merchandise, grocery stores, 
a shoemaker, blacksmith, etc. 

Inyo county was organized in 1866, from portions 
of Tulare and San Bernardino counties, taking its 
name from a mountain range lying within its bor- 
ders, the term being of Indian origin. The entire 
county lies east of the main ridge of the Sierra ; 
and consists almost wholly of spurs, gulches and 
canons. Some of the peaks are fourteen thousand 
feet in height. With the exception of Owen's 
Eiver Valley, and narrow strips of alluvium be- 
tween the ranges, it contains no soil fit for cultiva- 
tion. Owen's Valley is one hundred and fifty miles 
in length, and a portion of it is very productive. A 



good natural wagon road extends through its whole 
length. About six thousand bushels of grain were 
produced in the valley last year, but a flouring mill 
is now in successful operation, aud the cultivation 
of grain will be greatly increased. 

There is good pasturage for cattle during the entire 
year, stabling and fodder being unnecessary. The 
running water is sweet and pure, but Owen's Lake, 
Little Lake, and other bodies of standing water, 
are impregnated with salt and chloride of soda. 
The celebrated "Death Valley," (said to be four 
hundred feet below the level of the sea) is in this 
County, and is forty miles in length. It is probably 
the bed of a former lake. Water can be obtained 
by digging a few feet,' but it is salt, bitter and unfit 
for use. The plain is destitute of vegetation, the 
heat in summer intense, and the place uninhabitable. 
In 1849, a party of immigrants for California strayed 
into this valley, and most of them perished. There 
are several sawmills in the county, but the only bus- 
iness of importance is mining. The county contains 
fourteen quartz mills, and new works are in process 
of erection. The most important mine yet devel- 
oped is the Kearsarge, located on Kearsarge Moun- 
tain, ten miles from Independence. The ore yields 
an average of eighty dollars per ton. The Cerro 
Gordo Mining District contains a vast number of 
gold and silver bearing lodes. The furnaces there 
and at Swansea, turn out monthly over two hundred 
tons of bullion. The ores contain silver, lead, cop- 
per and antimony, and are reduced by smelting. 
The yield varies from fifty to four hundred dollars 
per ton. 

The principal settlements in Inyo are Cerro 
Gordo, forty miles southeast from Independence, 
Lone Pine, Bend City, Sau Carlos and Fish Springs. 
The population of the county is about three thousand. 
Many people left the region a few years since on 
account of trouble with the Indians, but within the 
past year the population has greatly increased. 
There are two good roads leading into this county; 



L. P. 


FISHEE, 


Advertising Agent) 


Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants 


Exchange, 


San Francisco, 


California. 


Cal 


] 


L. P. FISHER 


S ADVERTISERS 


' GUIDE 




21 



one from the south is free from snow at all seasons, 
and, with the exception of a few miles of desert, 
the traveling is excellent. The other enters 
through the State of Nevada, at the northern ex- 
tremity of the county. Much freight is transported 
on this route. There is also a road through "Walk- 
er's Pass, entering the valley centrally, but it is not 
much used. 

The tax paid into the State Treasury in 1869 was 
$2,363.07 on property assessed at $237,167. Grant 
received 113 votes in Inyo Co. at the Presidential 
Election in 1868, and 100 were cast for Seymour. 



JACKSON. 

The town of Jackson, the county seat of Ama- 
dor County, is situated at the confluence of three 
branches of Jackson Creek, fifty-five miles in a 
southeasterly direction from Sacramento, and con- 
tains a population of 1,200 inhabitants. It was first 
settled, as a mining camp, in 1849, the creek and 
village deriving their names from John Jackson, one 
of the earliest prospectors of the region. The princi- 
pal resources of the town are quartz mining, wine 
manufacture, and fruit growing. The placer diggings 
have been very rich ; but, at present the business 
of mining is confined to quartz. Within the cir- 
cuit of a few miles, a large number of quartz veins 
crop out, but are not yet prospected, and will so 
remain until better facilites are afforded for devel- 
oping them. 

Jackson contains three hotels, ten saloons, two 
j drug stores, one jewelry establishment, one hard- 
I ware store, four large general merchandise stores, 
i three dry goods stores, one fancy and two variety 
■ stores, one wagon manufactory, two blacksmith 
; shops, one steam carpenter shop, one marble works, 
j one cabinet maker shop, two tin stores, three shoe- 
! makers, two bakeries, one saddle and harness maker, 



two large livery stables, post office, express office, 
telegraph office, one private and two public schools, 
two fine churches, a splendid brick court house — 
built at a cost of over $30,000, and a number of fire- 
proof buildings. Three quartz mills have been 
erected within a mile of the town, and are con- 
stantly employed. Masonic and Odd Fellows' 
lodges, and a large division of Sons and Daughters 
of Temperance have been established, and are in a 
flourishing condition. Two weekly newspapers are 
published in the town. The Butte Canal furnishes 
an abundant supply of water for mining and irriga- 
tion, and supplies the town for domestic purposes 
and for protection against fire. 

The county of Amador contains a population of 
about 12,000 inhabitants, the majority being engaged 
in mining, agriculture, gardening, and viniculture. 
No county in the State is better adapted for the 
cultivation of the vine, and large quantities of wine 
and brandy are annually manufactured. The grape 
vines growing in the county during 1868 number- 
ed 683,623 ; wine manufactured, 129,993 gallons ; 
brandy manufactured, 2,750 gallons. Fruits of 
superior flavor and quality, and of every description 
capable of being produced in northern and semi- 
tropical climates, grow abundantly ; and, as a fruit 
producing county, Amador will probably compare 
with any area of the same extent in the United 
States. The upper, or more eastern part of the 
county, is well adapted for grazing, and through 
the summer and autumn thousands of head of cattle 
and sheep are maintained and fattened upon these 
pasture lands. The lower, or western part, em- 
braces large tracts of fine agricultural lauds, lying 
in Jackson, Dry Creek, Buckeye and lone Valleys, 
which for productive capacity in cereals and vege- 
tables will compare with any portion of California. 
There are also a number of other well located and 
valuable valleys. 

In several localities in the vicinity of Jackson 
oranges grow and ripen in the open air. During 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 
22 l. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. [Cal. 



1868, the quantity of cultivated laud amounted to 
19,371 acres ; the quantity of wheat produced, 36,- 
222 bushels ; and of barley, 47,402 bushels. Among 
the pleasant villages in the county are lone City, 
Sutter Creek, Bnena Vista, Lancha Plana, Forest 
Home, Amador City, Dry town, Enterprise, Fid 
dletown, Volcano, Aqueduct City, Pine Grove 
Clinton, etc. 

The real and personal property in the county was 
valued by the Assessor in J 869 at $1,737,458, the 
amount contributed to the State Treasury being 
$17,430.76. Amador gave Seymour a majority' vote 
of 115 out of 2,333 votes polled. 



LAKEPORT. 

Lakeport, the county seat, and the second town 
in size and population in Lake County, is located on 
the west shore of Clear Lake, one of the most pic- 
turesque sheets of water in America. It is about 
ten miles from the county's northern limits, one 
hundred miles north of San Francisco, thirty miles 
from Cloverdale, the same distance from Ukiah, and 
forty -five miles from Calistoga. A tri-weekly mail 
arrives from Cloverdale, and anotherfrom Calistoga. 
It contains two dry goods stores, one hardware 
store, one drug store, one blacksmith shop, one 
wagon manufactory, one saddlery shop, one barber 
shop, one butcher shop, one boot and shoe store, 
cabinet-maker's shop, two carpenter shops, two 
saloons, one livery stable, one hotel, three law offices, 
two physicians, one public school-house, two 
churches, Masonic and Odd Fellows' Halls, Justice's 
office, one newspaper and job printing office, and 
numbers of private residences. The County build- 
ings are now in course of construction, brick being 
the material used. 

It contains a population of about four hundred 
inhabitants. Sixty pupils attend the public school ; 



besides, there are two select schools, one for prim- 
ary pupils, and the other for those whose education 
is more advanced. 

The town has in its vicinity Big Valley, Scott's 
Valley, Upper Lake and Bachelor Valley, all of 
them containing plenty of excellent water, splendid 
timber, and the best kind of grain and garden land. 
Being contiguous to a fine farming country, it de- 
pends mainly upon its agricultural resources for its 
support. It is visited every year by many in search 
of health, being a favorite resort for invalids and 
pleasure-seekers. Clear Lake, which is about thirty 
miles long, and varying from one and a-half to 
twelve miles in width, affords excellent inducements 
to pleasure-seekers for boating and fishing during 
summer, and for duck-shootiug during winter. Blue 
Lake, distant about thirteen miles from Lakeport on 
the toll road to Porter Valley and Ukiah, is another 
truly romantic lake. It derives its name from its 
color, the water being clear and of great depth. 
The mountains on all sides, excepting one, are very 
precipitous. It is about three miles long, from one- 
quarter to one-balf of a mile wide, and semi-circular. 

Lake County contains a population of about 5,000, 
and has an immense area of the finest kind of agri- 
cultural and pastoral land. The county seat was 
contested four times by the rival towns of Lower 
Lake and Lakeport, the latter finally obtaining it. 

The Redington Quicksilver Mines, w T hich are lo- 
cated in this county, return immense profits to the 
stockholders. No assessment has ever been levied 
by the Company, the mine paying expenses from 
the commencement. The yield is limited by agree- 
ment to 2,000 flasks per month, and could be greatly 
increased if desired. On the east side of Clear 
Lake an enterprising company are engaged in ex- 
tracting large quantities of sulphur. This is shipped 
to San Francisco, much of it being used in the man- 
ufacture of powder by the Pacific and California 
Powder Works. There is a fine deposit of borax in 
Borax Lake, about one mile east of Clear Lake. 



L. P. FISHER, Adv ertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



fisher's ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



The bottom consists of a bed of black, jelly-looking 
mud, which is full of borax and soda. The borax 
is found in crystals, and obtained by dredging, and 
is separated from the mud by washing. The average 
production is about two tons per day. 

A bed of the finest limestone has recently been 
met with near this place, and immediate steps will 
be taken to turn the discovery to profitable account. 

The grain crop for 1868 amounted to 70,420 bush- 
els of wheat ; 25,475 bushels of barley, and 3,998 
bushels of oats. The value of real and personal 
property in 1869 was estimated by the assessor at 
$648,416. Taxes paid into the State Treasury, 
$1,956 28. 

Seymour received a vote of four hundred and 
fifty-four, and Grant only two hundred and forty- 
ei»ht. 



LOS ANGELES. 

Los Angeles, the most flourishing town of South- 
ern California, and the county seat of Los Angeles 
County, was founded a. d. 1781 ; in 1837, it was 
erected into a city by the Mexican Government. 
It is situated on the Los Angeles River, twenty-two 
miles from the Port of San Pedro, which by sea is 
three hundred and sixty-four miles from San Fran- 
cisco. The main shipping point for Los Angeles is 
Wilmington, at the north end of the Bay of San 
Pedro, a railroad eighteen miles in length connect- 
ing the port and city. Passengers and freight are 
taken from Wilmington by a small steamer through 
the slough to vessels anchored in the roadstead of 
San Pedro. A daily stage from Gilroy to Arizona 
passes through Los Angeles, connecting it with all 
the towns on the Coast Road. By this route Los 
Angeles is four hundred and forty-six miles south 
of San Francisco, and one hundred and thirty-one 
miles north of San Diego. . 



Los Angeles contains about nine thousand inhabi 
tants, and the population is rapidly increasing. 
There are very few buildings in the city either ele- 
gant or costly ; the beauty of the town consists in its 
fine gardens and groves of orange and lemon, and 
its extensive vineyards and orchards. Semi-tropical 
fruitB grow luxuriantly, and walnuts, almonds, figs, 
etc., and the olive, are cultivated very extensively. 
Within a few years, large plantations of mulberry 
have been started, and sericulture is becoming an 
important branch of industry. 

The trade of Los Angeles is large. Extensive 
shipments are made to Arizona and the mining dis- 
tricts of Southern Nevada. Seven mail routes— four 
daily, one a tri-weekly, and one a weekly— center 
in this city, affording means of almost daily com- 
munication with all parts of the State and Arizona. 
Besides the daily mail to San Francisco, another 
mail by steamer is carried each way once in six 
days. 

Los Angeles has two daily papers— each publish- 
ing a weekly edition— and one weekly ; a bank, five 
churches and several good schools. Saint Vincent's 
College, founded by the Fathers of Mission St. Vin- 
cent de Paul, is a flourishing institution. The school 
of the Sisters of Charity, for females and female 
orphans, is largely attended by day and boarding 
pupils. The school of the Christian Brothers, under 
the direction of the Franciscans, is a charity school. 
The College of Los Angeles, under the management 
of the Rev. George Burton, of the Episcopal Church, 
and the Lawlor Institute, for male and female pu- 
pils, are well managed private schools. There are 
six public schools, one of them of high standing. 

The Los Angeles City Water Company supplies 
water from the river and Crystal Springs ; and the 
Los Angeles Reservoir Company brings water ten 
miles by a ditch and tunnel, to a large reservoir on 
the western border of the city, whence it is dis- 
tributed by pipes for domestic purposes, water- 
power, and for irrigation. 



L. P. FISHES,, Advertising Agent, R ooms 20 and 21 Hew Merchants' Exchange* San Francisco, Californ a. 
24 



P. FISHER'S ADVERTISERS' GUIDE 



[Cal. 



There are more than fifty miles of water ditches, 
carrying the water from the river to every part of 
the city, for irrigation. They also furnish a vast 
amount of water-power — of which but little has 
yet been called into requisition. There are two 
large and substantially built flouring mills, one iron 
foundry and machine shop, eight wagon arid car- 
riage factories, two steam saw and planing mills, 
four hotels, with boarding houses, restaurants and 
saloons, etc. 

The County of Los Angeles is one of the richest 
in the State, both in agricultural and mineral re- 
sources. It contains over two million acres, of 
which at least one-half is good land, suitable for 
cultivation or grazing. The harvest of 1868 yield- 
ed eighteen thousand, three hundred bushels of 
wheat, and two hundred and three thousand, two 
hundred bushels of barley. 

Two million gallons of wine and one hundred 
thousand gallons brandy are made annually. The 
number of grape-vines under cultivation in the 
county, in 1868, was three millions, eight hundred 
and forty thousand ; one million within the city 
limits. Some of the orange plantations yield a 
profit of $50,000 a year. Olive oil is manufactured 
to a considerable extent. 

There are in the county thousands of acres of 
Government land open to preemption. During the 
past year work has been vigorously prosecuted in 
the Tin mines of Temascal, in Los Angeles County, 
and the prospects are exceedingly favorable. As- 
phaltum, gypsum and plumbago are also found in 
large quantities. 

The County Superintendent of Public Schools 
reports thirty-three schools in the county, nine of 
which are of the first grade. There are 1,608 chil- 
dren between five and fifteen years of age. The 
assessed value of property in 1869 was $3,764,045 ; 
the taxes paid in the State Treasury amounted to 
$36,804.70. At the last presidential election Grant 
received 748 votes in the county, and Seymour 1,236. 



LOWER LAKE. 

Lower Lake, the principal depot of trade and ex- 
change in Lake County, is situated on the west side 
and within a mile of the shores of Clear Lake, 
which has been aptly termed " a splendid specimen 
of nature's perfect handiwork." The town stands 
at the junction of several projected railroads, and 
contains an estimated population of about eight hun- 
dred; the growth of the place having been steady 
though slow, since its first settlement in 1850. It 
contested with Lakeport four times for the removal 
of the county seat, and once successfully, but at an 
election held May 2d, 1870, Lakeport was once 
more victorious, and is again the shire town of 
Lake County. 

Lower Lake is the place of supply of between 
1 ,500 and 2,000 of the population, and is the depot 
of the neighboring quicksilver, borax, sulphur and 
copper mines. It is also the market town for the 
very extensive agricultural and sheep-raising district 
in its vicinity, and contains one drug store, two gen- 
eral merchandise stores, one hardware store, two 
blacksmith shops, one wagon manufactory, one car- 
penter shop, two livery and feed stables, one meat 
market, one lumber yard, one steam grist mill, one 
hotel, one restaurant, billiard and other saloons, one 
lager beer brewery, one printing office and one 
physician. The Masons and Odd Fellows have 
each a prosperous lodge, and a weekly newspaper 
is published in the town ; a public school with sev- 
enty-five scholars in attendance, one private school 
with twenty pupils, and a music class of thirty schol- 
ars, are the educational advantages at Lower Lake. 
The number of enrolled voters is about one hundred 
and eighty. There are some fifteen or twenty cot- 
tages of a superior class, and some fine orchards 
with an abundance of fruit. 

The Knoxville Quicksilver Mine, distant about 
eighteen miles from the town, is valued at one and 
a half million dollars. The Borax Lake, six miles 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



p. fisher's advertisers' guide 



25 



distant in another direction, is probably worth two 
million dollars. 

The mail facilities are once a week, via Snisun, 
and tri-weekly by stage, connecting with the cars at 
Calistoga, enabling travelers to make the trip to or 
from San Francisco in one day, the distance being 
about one hundred and fifty miles. 

The grain crop of this part of California does not 
affect the San Francisco market. The cereals will 
not bear the expense of transportation, but a good 
harvest is the forerunner of extensive shipments of 
beef, pork, butter, cheese and horses. 

An experiment in poppy culture has been made 
this year near Lower Lake, thirteen acres having 
been planted with the intention of making poppy oil. 

Shut in on all sides by lofty mountains, and grac- 
ing the bosom of a lovely valley, Clear Lake is 
one of the finest sheets of water in California. It 
is thirty-five miles long, and varies in breadth from 
one and a half miles to twelve. It is a delightful 
place, and will become a favorite resort for the 
tourist and those seeking relaxation from the strain 
of a city life. 



MARIPOSA. 

This town, the county seat of Mariposa County 
is a place of growing importance, situated ninety 
miles south east of Stockton, and containing about 
one thousand inhabitants. Owing to the decline in 
placer mining, the population of the town and 
county was greatly reduced during the decade prior 
to 1867, but the last three years show a considerable 
addition to the number of the inhabitants, and a 
healthy increase of business. Two weekly news- 
papers are published here, and schools and churches 
are in a flourishing condition. 

The county of Mariposa covers an area of about 
eighteen hundred square miles, mainly on the west- 



3* 



ern slope of the Sierras, extending from the hot 
plains of Sau Joaquin to the snow-covered peak of 
Mount Dana, 13,227 feet above the level of the sea. 
There is comparatively little farming land in the 
county, but the foothills and small fertile valleys 
yield all the cereals, vegetables and fruit required 
by the inhabitants, most of whom are, engaged in 
mining. There are many small orchards and vine- 
yards among the mountain slopes which return a 
considerable income from their cultivation, as the 
mountain wines and table grapes are superior to the 
products of the valleys, and command higher prices 
wherever they can reach a market. The mountain 
scenery of Mariposa is the grandest in the State, 
including as it does Mount Hoffman, Mount Dana, 
and the far-famed Yo Semite. The immense spurs, 
running at right angles with the main chain of 
mountains, the branching ridges and the deep gorges 
and canons, combine to form the wildest and most 
broken country in the world. There are a few 
plateaux susceptible of cultivation, but the general 
topography of the country is so rugged that only 
the richness of the gold fields could have led to its 
settlement by man. 

The mining districts of Mariposa are connected by 
good roads on the western slope of the mountain, 
but no wagon road has yet been constructed leading- 
over the Sierra ; the only communication with Mono 
being by a trail, at the lowest point 10,675 feet 
above the sea. There is considerable timber, but 
the county contains only ten saw mills, all of them 
of small capacity, and no lumber is manufactured 
for shipment. The greatest source of attraction aim 
Mariposa County twenty years ago consisted ini its 
rich placer mines, but these have long been washed 
out, and quartz mining is now the main dependence 
of the people. The Mariposa Quartz Lead continues 
its course through the Counties of Tuolumne and 
Calaveras, aud is a large and well defined', gold- 
bearing vein. There are hundreds of/miMs om the 
lead, and not less than $20,000,000 havevbeen;ex> 



L. P, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



26 



L. P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



[Cal. 



tracted. Several companies have taken out sums 
from $500,000 to $4,000,000. On the Fremont Grant 
the Mariposa Lead separates into two veins, known 
as the Pine Tree and Josephine. The Mariposa 
Company own four mills, running in all one hun- 
dred and fifty-two stamps. The old process of work- 
ing the ores was so expensive and the yield was so 
small (only about eight dollars per ton) that no 
margin was left for profit ; hut the introduction of 
better methods and improved machinery has 
increased the yield to an average of over $30 per 
ton. Similar improvement is manifest in the work- 
ing of nearly all the quartz mines of Mariposa. 

In the southern portion of this county, near the 
head waters of the Merced River, lies the valley of 
Yo Semite, one of the wonders of the world. It is 
a gorge in the mountains less than one mile in width 
and about eight miles in length, the precipitous 
walls on either side rising to the height of from 
three to six thousand feet. The name Yo Semite is 
of Indian origin, meaning large grizzly bear ; it 
should be pronounced Yo-sem-i-te, accenting the 
second syllable. There are in this valley eight 
waterfalls, either of them sufficient to attract thou- 
sands of visitors if situated in any thickly settled 
country. Congress has granted Yo Semite to Cali- 
fornia for preservation, and it will be reserved for- 
ever as a place of public resort. The best season for 
visitors is during Mayor June, when the streams are 
swelled from the melting snow. There are three 
routes to the valley, and from registers kept it is 
estimated that over two thousand visitors entered 
the valley this year prior to the first day of July. 

Five miles from Yosemite is the Mariposa Grove, 
containing six hundred trees varying from thirty to 
one hundred feet in circumference, and from two 
hundred and forty to three hundred and twenty-five 
feet in height. This grove, which is at an altitude 
of six thousand feet above the level of the sea, 
covers an area of five hundred acres. The remains 
of a prostrate tree, nearly consumed by fire, indi- 



cate a height of at least four hundred feet. Near 
this grove are two others, one of eighty-six trees, 
and the other of thirty-five trees, averaging in size 
about the same as those of the larger group. 

The assessed value of property in Mariposa County 
in 1869, was $1,093,102 and the sum paid into the 
State Treasury for taxes the same year amounted to 
$11,303.92. The grain crop was 10,300 bushels of 
wheat, and 18,500 bushels of barley, and the num- 
ber of grape vines reported under cultivation was 
97,000 with a return of 8,000 gallons of wine. 



MARTINEZ. 

Martinez, the county seat of Contra Costa Coun- 
ty, is situated on the southern side of the Straits of 
Carquinez, opposite Benicia, with which town it is 
connected by means of a steam ferry. The beauty 
of the site is unsurpassed, and the climate is delight- 
ful. The sea breeze, passing up the straits, keeps 
off the frost, and owing to the peculiar conformation 
of the hills, the fog is driven to the opposite shore. 
This pretty village has not received the attention 
from travellers that its pleasant site and romantic 
surroundings merit. 

Deep water affords good harborage for large ves- 
sels ; sailing packets make two trips weekly to and 
from San Francisco, which is thirty miles distant ; 
and the Suisun and San Francisco steamboat calls 
regularly at the town. The inhabitants number be- 
tween five and six hundred. It contains the County 
Court House and Jail, a grain warehouse, a few rods 
from the mouth of Alhambra Creek, which is nav- 
igable to sailing craft for a short distance ; sundry 
general merchandise stores, one grist mill, one tan- 
nery, one blacksmith shop, three hotels, one livery 
stable, three churches, one Masonic Hall, and one 
flourishing division of the Sons of Temperance. A 
weekly newspaper has been published for the las 



L, P, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Call 



FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



two years. The number of children between the 
ages of five and fifteen is one hundred and seventy- 
one, of whom one hundred and twenty-seven attend 
school. 

A large quantity of fruit is grown in the vicinity. 
About two miles from town are the vineyard and 
orchard of Dr. Strenzel, known as the Alhambra 
ranch, containing about 28,000 grape vines and 5,000 
fruit trees. It is a model ranch and well w T orthy a 
visit. The proprietor has been awarded a large num- 
ber of medals and prizes for the best cultivated farm, 
the best fruits, and the best native wine in California. 

The population of Contra Costa County, which 
numbers about ten thousand, is generally distributed 
throughout the valleys, and not more than one third 
of it is concentrated in the towns and villages. It 
is a county largely devoted to agriculture, especially 
the production of grain. The coal mines of Monte 
Diablo, where 148,722 tons of excellent coal were 
raised in 1869, supply the San Francisco market and 
the river steamers. 

, The wheat crop of 1808 amounted to 600,718 
bushels ; that of barley to 21,871, and of oats to 20,- 
205 bushels. The number of grape vines cultivated 
was estimated at 302,417, from which were manu- 
factured 61,370 gallons of wine. 

The real and personal property, of the county was 
estimated by the Assessor at $3,335,080 ; the taxes 
paid into the State Treasury being $33,161.20. 

Eighteen hundred and thirty votes were cast 
at the last presidential election, of which Grant ob- 
tained a majority of three hundred and fifty-four. 



MARYSVILLE. 

Marysville, the county seat of Yuba, is the largest 
town in California north of Sacramento. It con- 
tains six thousand inhabitants, and is situated on the 
north bank of the Yuba river, near its junction 



with the Feather. The town-site, formerly part of 
Nye's Ranch, was purchased in 1849 of Nye, Foster 
& Coviilaud, and in December of that year was sur- 
veyed, and named Marysville in honor of Mrs. Covii- 
laud, the only white woman within its limits. The 
city grew rapidly for several years, but from 1857 it 
declined with the decline of placer mining, and for 
ten years steadily decreased in business, wealth, 
and population. During the past three years, busi- 
ness has revived ; the city is now the center of rail- 
roads running in three directions, connecting it with 
the upper and lower country, and with the Atlantic 
and Pacific road. Eeal estate has advanced, build- 
ings long vacant have found tenants, new ones 
have been built, and the population is increasing 
rapidly. Marysville is connected by railroad with 
Oroville, Chico, Sacramento and Vallejo, and by 
water with all points south, to the Bay of San Fran- 
cisco. Lines of stages connect it with neighboring 
towns, and it will soon have railroad communica- 
tion with all northern California and Oregon. Its 
situation, in the midst of a fertile and extensive ag- 
ricultural country, adds to its importance as a trad- 
ing point. 

Marysville is one of the handsomest towns in the 
State, containing many elegant business blocks and 
private residences. The streets are graded and in 
good condition, and many are lined with shade 
trees. The city is surrounded by a levee, as a pro- 
tection against the overflow of the Yuba and 
Feather rivers. It has an excellent Fire Depart- 
ment, is lighted with gas, and is supplied with water 
of good quality. The trees, shrubbery, and flow- 
ers add greatly to the beauty of the town, and many 
of the private residences are embowered in vines, 
and pictures of domestic comfort. 

There are tw 7 o daily papers in Marysville. The 
schools and churches are flourishing ; the City 
Library is one of the best, in the State, and manu- 
facturing enterprises prosper. The woolen mill 
gives employment to sixty hands, and manufac- 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Booms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California- 



28 



fisher's advertisers guide. 



[Cai. 



tures $200,000 worth of goods per annum. The city- 
has one extensive foundry, and a new one has re- 
cently heen started ; a sash and door factory, and a 
soap factory ; three carriage factories, three steam 
flouring mills, two hreweries, etc. There are sev- 
eral banks, including a savings bank, recently 
started, which has already received about $100,000 
in deposits, and declares monthly dividends of one 
per cent. There are several good hotels, and a 
commodious theater. 

Yuba County is fifty miles long and eighteen 
miles wide. Formerly it was rich as a mining 
county, and mining is still successfully followed in 
some localities ; but of late more attention has 
been given to farming, fruit culture, and stock 
raising. About one hundred and fifty thousand 
acres are inclosed, and much of the low grassy hill 
land is used for pasture. There is still a large 
quantity of public land open for preemption. The 
higher lands are well timbered, and lumber to a 
large amount is shipped down the river. There 
are eighteen saw mills in the county With the ex- 
ception of Marysville, Yuba has no large towns. In 
1868, the grain crop amounted to 73,725 bushels 
wheat; barley, 147,480 bushels; and oats, 40,700 
busbels. The castor bean is extensively cultivated, 
a ready market being found in San Francisco. In 
the vicinity of Marysville, and in the foot-hills, 
are many large orchards and vineyards, containing 
from three to ten thousand fruit trees, and over 
thirty thousand vines ; and during the present year 
five thousand orange trees have been planted in a 
single orchard. Lemons, olives, almonds, etc., flour- 
ish on the low lands. In 18(58 there were in the 
county 424,000 grape vines, yielding 26,000 gallons 
of wine and 4,385 gallons of brandy. There are 
twelve quartz mills in the county, erected at a cost 
of $250,000; there are also twenty -six mining 
ditches, the largest, known as the Excelsior Canal, 
is, with its branches, one hundred and fifty miles 
in length, and cost over $500,000. Much of the 



placer mining in the county is done by the hy- 
draulic process. 

The population of Yuba County is about 12,000, 
an increase of several thousand within the last two 
years. In 1868 Grant received 1,331 votes and 
Seymour 1,112. The assessable property in 1869 
amounted to $1,066,935, and taxes paid to the State 
Treasurer to $39,838.51. 



MAYFIELD. 

The town ofMayfieldis perhaps one of the pretti- 
est places on the San Jose Railroad, and is situated 
at the northwestern extremity of Santa Clara 
County, distant thirty-six miles from San Francisco, 
and sixteen from San Jose\ the county seat. The 
town was first settled in 1854, when it consisted of 
only one hotel. It has improved more within the 
last two years than any other place on the line of 
the San Jos6 and San Francisco Railroad. There 
are between five and six hundred inhabitants, with 
one hundred and sixty-two registered voters, and a 
resident clergyman. This little town has the repu- 
tation of possessing one of the best public schools 
in the county, and. publishes a weekly newspaper, 
printed partly in the Spanish language. The inter- 
ests of the town are strictly agricultural, and, until 
the present season, the crops have always been 
above the average. Silk culture is becoming very 
popular in the neighborhood, and all who have en- 
gaged in it have thus far been successful. The 
ranch of Nicholas Larco, about six miles from 
Mayfield, is devoted extensively to the business. 
Fifty thousand American and two thousand Chinese 
mulberry trees have been planted. A three-story 
building, twenty-three by fifty feet, is used for 
rearing the worms, the first floor being used for 
feeding them. Thirty thousand cocoons have been 
raised this year, which will produce about one 



L. P 


PISEEK, 


Advertising Agent, Eooms 20 and 21 K 


ew Merchants' 


Exchange, 


San Francisco, 


California. 


Cal 


•] 


L . P . FISHER 


S A D V 


ERTISEES' 


GUIDE 




29 



hundred and ten ounces of eggs, having a ready 
ssile at $2.50 © $3 per ounce ; the eggs of the Cali- 
fornia silkworm being preferred in Italy to those 
imported from Japan. 

Gold has been discovered lately in the foot-hills 
on Stephens' Creek, situated about ten miles back 
of the town of Maytield. 



MENDOCINO CITY. 

This town, the most important place on the 
coast of Mendocino County, is located on the north 
shore of Mendocin© Bay, at the mouth of Big 
River, one hundred and twenty-eight miles from 
San Francisco. It is the shipping point for a large 
lumber region, and the outlet for the produce of the 
central valleys of Mendocino County. There is no 
harbor at Mendocino, but wharves have been built 
at which vessels can load in calm weather. The 
town contains about six hundred inhabitants. The 
extensive saw mill of the Mendocino Mill Com- 
pany is located here. The publication of a news- 
paper was recently commenced, and the town seems 
to have taken a new start. A savings bank has 
been projected, and new roads are in course of con- 
struction which will add to the trade of the town. 
An effort is being made to secure regular communi- 
cation with San Francisco by ocean steamer. It is 
estimated that the freight at the port of Mendocino 
on goods to and fro, would exceed $400 per trip for 
weekly steamers, while that of the various ports 
south would aggregate a much larger sum. The 
mail facilities for Mendocino County are very poor, 
the most frequent mail being tri-weekly. There is 
no mail route across the county, and the one to be 
established down the coast by way of Point Arena 
will be but w T eekly for the present. Letters sent to 
Point Arena, thirty miles from Mendocino City, are 



carried three hundred miles to reach it. There is a 
daily stage to Casper River, a short distance north 
of Mendocino City, and tri-weekly to Cloverdale. 
A route has been petitioned for from Lakeport to 
Mendocino City via Ukiah. 



MILLERTON. 

Millerton is the county seat of Fresno County, 
one of the most flourishing counties in California. 
It is built on the south bank of the turbulent San 
Joaquin river, at the point where that clear but im- 
petuous stream debouches from the foothills of the 
Sierras upon the arid plains of the great San Joa- 
quin Valley. It is situated on the the stage road 
from Hornitas to Visalia, and distant about sixty 
miles from each place. On the south and west, it is 
bounded by an extensive and very productive agri- 
cultural district. The river, which at seasons affords 
an abundant supply of fish, is fringed for many miles 
above the town by columnar basaltic table moun- 
tains, whose summits and slopes are dotted with 
pinion or nut pine timber, valuable for building 
purposes. Large game, such as bear, deer, etc., are 
brought in from the mountains, and the plains below 
still abound with antelope. It is one of the oldest 
settlements in the Tulare Basin, having originated 
from the active mining operations of 1851, and. 
now contains the county Court House and Jail, a 
large and well finished building of brick and stone, 
and an excellent school house, having an average 
attendance of forty scholars. The school district 
contains one hundred children, between the ages of 
five and fifteen, and sixty-one under five years of 
age. There are also a number of neat private resi- 
dences, four provision stores, three of them Chinese, 
one drug store, one blacksmith shop, one saddlery 
store, one furniture warehouse, one tailor shop, one 
express and post officej one barber shop, three 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



30 



L. P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[Oal. 



saloons, one hotel, one printing- office, printing a 
weekly newspaper, tour lawyers and one medical 
practitioner. The post-office accomodates a popula- 
tion of about one thousand rive hundred persons. 
As there is no church-building, the court house is 
used for holding religious services. It would be 
curious to know how many respectable families 
have decided not to settle at or near Millerton on 
account of this deficiency. 

Formerly Millerton was much larger than at 
present, nearly three-fourths of the town having 
been carried away by the floods. A few miles 
lower down the river are Jones' Ferry, a trading 
post of considerable note, Buchanan, and Dry 
Creek, and Areola settlements. Rich gold and cop- 
per mines exist in the vicinity of Millerton, and cin- 
nabar is successfully worked at New Idria, in the 
western portion of the county. The annual yield 
of quicksilver is estimated at 11,000 flasks, and 
valued at $300,000. 

Fresno County is about twenty miles long, east 
and west, and sixty-five miles wide, and contains an 
area of five million two hundred thousand acres of 
pastoral, agricultural and mining land. The climate 
is very healthy and pleasant, the average tempera- 
ture being about 66° Fahr. 

For many miles in width the San Joaquin River 
bottoms are covered with rich, loamy tule swamp, 
where immense droves of hogs are raised and fat- 
tened. The lack of a convenient market, and the 
means of easy access to that already in existence, 
has greatly retarded the settlement of this county; 
but the prospect of a railroad passing through the 
valley is stimulating immigration considerably. 
The inhabitants, about 6^000 in number, are chiefly 
devoted to agriculture and the raising of beeves, 
hogs and sheep : a few however, are engaged in 
mining. Experiments in the cultivation of cotton 
have been made with satisfactory results, producing 
a fibre of a fine textile nature, and an average crop 
of five hundred pounds to the acre. The cereals, 



Indian corn, semi-tropical fruits, tobacco, hemp, 
and flax, do remarkably well. The most flourishing 
settlements in the county are located on King's 
River, in the vicinity of the towns of Kingston and 
King's River. 

A grove of mammoth trees is said to exist in the 
southeastern part of Fresno County, near the head 
waters of King's River. One of the trees is re- 
ported to measure one hundred and twenty-two 
feet in circumference, and nearly four hundred 
feet in height, and is claimed to be the largest tree 
in the State. " On the ground, one is lying which 
has been hollowed out by fire, and three men can 
ride abreast through the hollow for a distance of 
about 70 feet, and then pass out through a knot-hole." 

The number of inhabitants entitled to vote is 
about one thousand two hundred, and at the last 
Presidential Election gave a majority of two hundred 
and forty-six votes in favor of the Democratic candi- 
date, out of a total of three hundred and ninety 
votes cast. 

The assessable property of the county will 
amount this year to about $4,000,000. The taxes 
are light, and its financial affairs are in a most 
satisfactory condition, the county being literally out 
of debt, and the Treasury containing about $70,000 
gold. 



MOKELUMNE HILL. 

This town, the county seat of Calaveras County 
was one of the first settlements made by the miners 
after the discovery of gold in California. Some of 
Col. Stevenson's regiment mined here in 1848, but 
the town was not regularly laid out until August, 
1850. In 1854 it was entirely destroyed by fire, and 
has several times since been partially burned down. 

It is situated near the territorial center of the 
county, on the main road between the northern and 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal. 



FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



31 



southern mines, and has stage connections with all 
the principal mining towns in the vicinity. Many 
of the buildings erected since the destructive lire of 
1854 are constructed of a species of sandstone ob- 
tained in the vicinity. 

The streets are planted with shade trees, and much 
care has been taken with the gardens, thus giving 
the town a pleasant appearance. It contains about 
eleven hundred inhabitants, and is a place of consid- 
erable trade, as it not only supplies the neighboring 
miners and farmers, but also the teamsters engaged 
in hauling lumber, etc. There are in the place two 
excellent hotels, four dry goods stores, four general 
merchandise establishments, one drug store, three 
book and variety stores, two watchmakers and jew- 
elry establishments, one gunsmith, one wagon man- 
ufactory, three blacksmith shops, one hardware 
store, one sheet iron worker, two butcher shops, 
one forwarding and storage house, one lumber yard, 
two breweries, ten saloons, one livery stable, two 
express offices, two physicians, four lawyers, two 
public schools, and two churches. 

The Calaveras Chronicle published here is the old- 
est newspaper iu the State. Some of the placer 
mines which first led to the settlement of the town 
are now nearly exhausted, but many claims are still 
being worked in the flats near by, which continue 
to yield liberally. Quartz mining is now attracting 
more attention. 

Calaveras County is about forty miles in length 
and twenty in width; and takes its name from the 
river which runs through it. The white population 
is about twelve thousand, mostly engaged in mining ; 
agriculture however is rapidly growing into impor- 
tance. There are two thousand Chinese in the 
county, nearly all of whom are miners. The climate 
is very healthy and agreeable. The soil of the foot- 
hills is well adapted to the growth of the grape. 
The fruit is sweeter and of more delicate flavor than 
grapes grown on low lands, while the wine manu- 
factured from the mountain grapes is remarkable for 



its superior quality. The number of grape vines un- 
der cultivation in 1868 amounted to 704,471, from 
which 55,132 gallons of wine and 3,263 gallons of 
brandy were manufactured. 

The principal towns of Calaveras County are 
Mokelumne Hill, San Andreas, Angel's Camp, 
West Point, Vallecito, Carson Hill, Frankfort and 
Copperopolis. In addition to these there are several 
mining camps of two or three hundred inhabitants 
each. 

Copperopolis, the center of the copper mining dis- 
trict, is situated about forty miles from Stockton. 
The present low price of copper in the Eastern and 
European markets has caused a great decrease in its 
business, but the deposits cannot fail to be sources 
of much future wealth. There are in the county 
sixteen canals for mining purposes, constructed at a 
total cost of over one million dollars. The Union 
Water Company's canal alone cost $350,000. Large 
sum3 have also been expended on wagon roads. 
There are ten saw mills in the county, with a total 
capacity of about two hundred thousand feet of lum- 
ber daily. There are also a number of iron found- 
ries, tanneries, etc., but manufacturing generally 
is not largely engaged in. 

At the presidential election iu 1868 Grant received 
in Calaveras County 1,143 votes, and Seymour 1,050. 
The value of property in the county in 1869 was es- 
timated by the assessor at $1,260,085, the sum of 
$12,470.73 being the total amount paid into the 
state treasury. 

One of the greatest natural curiosities of Califor- 
nia is the Big Tree Grove, in this county, situated 
about twenty miles east of Mokelumne Hill, and at 
an elevation of nearly live thousand feet (4,759) 
above the level of the sea. The grove contains one 
hundred and three trees, ten of which are over thir- 
ty feet iu diameter, and ten others over twenty -five 
feet in diameter. All the other trees of the group, 
covering about fifty acres, are of immense propor- 
tions, their height varying from one hundred and 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



32 



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[Cal. 



fifty to three hundred and twenty feet. The tops 
of the shorter trees have been broken off by storms. 
The original height of the largest is estimated at 
four hundred and fifty feet. One of the trees, ninety- 
six feet in circumference and three hundred and two 
feet in height, was felled some years ago by boring- 
through the trunk with augers ; the task required 
the constant labor of five men twenty -five days to ac- 
complish. When cut through, the tree still remained 
erect, and two -days' labor was required to upset it 
by means of wedges. A room for dancing has been 
built on the stump of the tree large enough to accom- 
odate four cotillion sets, besides musicians and a 
score of spectators. On the fallen trunk a house and 
a double bowling alley have been constructed. The 
largest tree now standing is called the " Mother of 
the Forest" and measures three hundred and twenty- 
one feet in height and ninety feet in circumference 
at the base. The bark of this tree was stripped and ex- 
hibited in the Crystal Palace, London. Close by 
lies the fallen trunk of the "Father of the Forest," 
the largest of the group. It is estimated to have 
been four hundred and fifty feet high and forty feet 
in diameter when standing. The " Burnt Treee/' 
also prostrate, is hollow, and will allow a horse and 
rider to pass through it for a distance of sixty feet. 
" Hercules " stands three hundred and twenty feet 
high, and is ninety -five feet in circumference. The 
lonely "Hermit" is three hundred and eighteen 
feet high, and sixty feet in circumference. This re- 
markable grove has been granted by Congress to 
the State of California for preservation. 



MONITOR. 

Monitor is the business center of Alpine County, 
and is situated about eight miles north of Silver 
Mountain, the county seat. It is also the headquar- 
ters of the most important mining interests in the 



county, being surrounded by gold, silver and copper 
mines, many of which are at present exceedingly 
valuable, while others are only prospectively so. 
The miners of the neighborhood come to Monitor to 
receive their pay and supplies, and the farmers of 
Carson, Diamond, Antelope and Slinkard valleys 
find here a ready market for their produce. The 
town contains only three stores, whose business is 
entirely local ; also, one quartz mill now in opera- 
tion, the erection of a number of others at an early 
date being contemplated. The Carson and Silver 
Mountain stage passes through the town, to and fro, 
three times a week. A weekly newspaper is pub- 
lished at Monitor. 



MONTEREY. 

Monterey, the present county seat of Monterey 
County, was formerly the metropolis of Upper Cal- 
ifornia when under Mexican rule, and, excepting 
San Diego, is the oldest town in the State. It is 
built on a beautiful site on the Bay of Monterey ; 
the land in the rear rising in broad, green slopes 
terminating in a semi-circular ridge crested with a 
heavy growth of pine trees. The greater portion 
of the town-is composed of buildings constructed of 
adobe, in the old Mexican style, and presents a very 
picturesque appearance. Little improvement has 
been made in the place since the American flag was 
raised by Commodore Sloat, July 7th, 1846, when 
taking possession of California in the name of the 
United States. The crumbling walls of the old 
Mexican adobe fort stand on a slight elevation, and 
just above are the earthworks thrown up by the 
Americans at the time of taking possession. 

The importance of Monterey as a seaport is 
scarcely realized at present. Vessels of all classes, 
at any season of the year, by day or night, may 



L. P. 


FISHER, 


Advertising Agent, 


Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' 


Exchange, 


San Francisco, 


California. 


Cal 


•] 


L. P. 1 


WISHER 


S ADVERTISERS 


GUIDE 




33 



enter or leave the cove in front of the town with- 
out a pilot, and being admirably sheltered from the 
prevailing winds, it is a safe haven at all times. 

The saudy tract of thirteen miles between Mon- 
terey and the interior, is a bar to the progress of 
the town but the construction of a railroad is con- 
templated to counect this back-country with Mon- 
terey, so that its future prospects are brightening 
Two weekly newspapers are published in the town. 

Monterey Bay is a broad, open, semi-circular 
sheet of water, about thirty miles in width. Point 
New Years and Point Pinos form its northern and 
southern head-lands. This bay is a rendezvous 
for several parties of whalers, who send from 
500 to 1 ,500 barrels of oil to San Francisco, annually. 

Monterey County has a population of about 15,000 
inhabitants, and contained, in 1868, 124,550 acres of 
inclosed land, 70,484 acres being under cultivation. 
From 29,389 acres under wheat, a yield of 1 ,401,342 
bushels was obtained. 943,500 bushels of barley 
were produced from 13,875 acres, and 11,900 bushels 
of oats from 246 acres of land. During the same 
year, 162,500 grape vines were cultivated, from 
which 4,000 gallons of wine and 600 gallons of 
brandy were manufactured. The real and personal 
property, in 1869, was valued by the assessor at 
$2,125,237. At the Presidential election of 1868, 
Grant received 580 votes, and Seymour 663. 



NAPA CITY. 

Situated at a distance of about forty-four miles 
from San Francisco, and about sixteen miles from 
Vallejo, Napa City, the county seat of Napa Coun- 
ty, is built upon an almost level plateau in the 
picturesque valley of Napa, and is favorably located 
at the head of the tide-water navigation of Napa 
River. As the ordinary tides rise about six feet up 
to this point on the stream, it is navigable for sailing 



vessels of one hundred tons, and for steamers of 
still greater carrying capacity. From the central 
position it occupies, it commands the trade of the 
adjacent valleys, and portions of Lake County, thus 
causing its growth to be steady and healthy. It is 
now as prosperous as any city in the State ; and, 
being favored with a mild and genial climate and 
forming the center of an extensive farming 
region of unsurpassed fertility, it cannot fail to 
thrive in future. It is in daily communication 
with San Francisco, by steamer direct, and twice 
daily, by steamer and rail via Vallejo. The 
Napa and California Pacific Railroads also cou- 
nect it with Sacramento and other places north. 
The population is estimated at a little over three 
thousand. The business of the city is repre- 
sented by twelve variety stores, six liquor and 
grocery stores, three hardware stores, two clothing 
establishments, one book store, five shoe stores, one 
hat store, two watchmaker and jeweler shops, two 
furniture warehouses, two drug stores, three tin 
shops, four millinery establishments, four fruit 
stores, four tailoring establishments, two bakeries, 
four tonsorial rooms, six blacksmith shops, three 
wagon manufactories, two restaurants, four markets, 
six saloons, thirty bar-rooms, seven hotels, four 
livery stables, two printing offices — publishing two 
weekly journals— one steam flour mill, one steam 
planing mill, two lumber yards, one glove factory, 
one whip factory, two cigar manufactories, one tan- 
nery, one bank, one gas works, six storehouses, and 
eight boarding houses. Seven physicians and thir- 
teen lawyers represent the professions ; six churches, 
four public and three private schools represent the 
religious and educational institutions of the city. 

A few miles distant from the city are the cele- 
brated Napa Soda Springs, whence large quanti- 
ties of mineral waters are shipped daily to San Frau- 
cisco and elsewhere. 

The county population is estimated at about 
10,000. At the last presidential election the entire 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange* San Francisco, California. 



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P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



[Cal. 



number of votes cast amounted to 1,436, a majority 
of sixty-eight being in favor of Grant. The 
agricultural resources of Napa County are ex- 
ceedingly valuable, and for viniculture it ranks 
fourth among the wine-prod ncing counties of the 
State. The number of vines growing there during 
last year is estimated at 1,590.255, and a large area 
has been planted with the same this year. These 
vines furnish the extensive distillery at Calistoga 
with a supply of grapes for the manufacture of 
brandy, 46,143 gallons of that article having been 
manufactured during 1868. The wine products of 
the same year amounted to 103,365 gallons. 

According to the Surveyor-General's Report for 
1869, Napa County has 99,665 acres of inclosed land, 
41,260 acres being under cultivation ; of this, 36,115 
acres produced 601,250 bushels of wheat; 2,605 
acres produced 52,150 bushels of barley, and 1,130 
acres produced 33,900 bushels of oats. . The assessed 
value of property, real and personal, was $ 1,027,624, 
contributing $41,798.28 to the State Treasury. 

Cinnabar has been found in several places 
throughout the county ; but, although a few flasks 
of quicksilver have been obtained, no deposits suf- 
ficiently rich to be profitably worked have as yet 
been discovered. 



NEVADA CITY. 

Nevada City, the county seat of Nevada County, 
is a large and thriving incorporated town, rather ir- 
regularly laid out on the banks of Deer Creek. Its al- 
titude is two thousand five hundred feet above 
the level of the sea, and it is distant sixty-five miles 
north-east of Sacramento, thirty-four miles east of 
Marysville, and about fourteen miles from the Cen- 
tral Pacific Railroad, with which it is connected by 
stage at Colfax. In size, population and wealth, 



Nevada was for many years the leading mining 
town in the State, and is now second only to Grass 
Valley. 

The Deer Creek basin has contained the richest 
placer mines yet found in California, and deep grav- 
el channels still exist of great prospective value. 
Forty million dollars worth of gold is estimated to 
have been taken from this basin. Many valuable 
quartz ledges exist in the neighborhood, and several 
are being worked advantageously. 

The population is about four thousand. There 
are one thousand voters, and about the same number 
of children under fifteen years. Nearly all the bus- 
iness houses are built of brick, as a safeguard against 
fire. The Court-house was built at a cost of $75,000 ; 
two of its hotels cost $30,000 each, and the school- 
house cost $20,000. 

In addition to numerous stores, the city supports 
a bank, an assay office, two printing offices publish- 
ing two daily and one weekly newspaper, one found- 
ry doing work valued at $50,000 per annum, one 
grist mill which turns out 15,000 barrels of flour an- 
nually, thirty-three saloons, five physicians, thirteen 
lawyers, and seven clergymen. It also has five 
churches, one theatre, two private and six public 
schools, and one public library with three thousand 
volumes ; Masonic, Knights Templars, and Odd 
Fellows lodges, one benevolent society, one temper- 
ance society, one literary society, two fire compan- 
ies, and a military company. The town is kept 
lively by the trade of the neighboring mining villages, 
and the extensive traffic of the upper portion of the 
county. There are numerous elegant private resi- 
ces in the City of Nevada, many of tbem surroun- 
ded by gardens, orchards and vineyards, producing 
grapes and all other kinds of fruit common to the tem- 
perate zone. 

A suspension bridge, three hundred and twenty 
feet long, with a roadway fourteen feet wide, spans 
Deer Creek. It was erected in 1862, by A. S. Hal- 
lidie, of San Francisco, at a cost of $15,000. The 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 



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P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



35 



scenery of Nevada County is picturesque and beau- 
tiful, the soil on the uplands is a rich loam, that of 
the bottoms a dark alluvium, adapted to the culture 
of fruits and vegetables. The peach, quince, apri- 
cot and grape, flourish on the lighter and drier soil 
of the uplands as well as in the valleys. The sum- 
mer days are hot, but the nights cool ; the spring 
and autumn are delightful, and the winters pleas- 
ant. Snow seldom falls except on the mountains, 
and cattle require no shelter at any season. A more 
desirable rural residence than the foothills of Ne- 
vada cannot be found in California. There is a 
great variety of climate in the county, some portions 
having an altitude of 8,000 feet, while others are 
nearly at the level of the sea. On the higher ranges 
snow fails to a great depth. 

There are several small lakes in the upper part of 
the county, the most notable, DonnerLake, being a 
beautiful sheet of water, three and a half miles long 
by one mile broad. It abounds in fish, and is a place 
of resort for tourists. The railroad is visible through 
an opening in the mountains on the north. On the 
other three sides the lake is hemmed in by the Sier- 
ras. A hotel has been erected for the accommoda- 
tion of visitors. The lake was named after Captain 
George Douner, the leader of a party of immigrants 
who attempted to cross the Sierras in 1846. Near 
the lake they were overtaken by the winter snows, 
and thirty-seven of the party perished, after great 
suffering from cold, and want of food. 

Nevada County contains a population of about 25- 
000. According to the assessor's report the real and 
personal property was worth $5,986,232 in 1869, and 
$59,088 was paid into the state treasury. In the 
gold-bearing section of the county, many of the bars 
and streams, once worked out, are again becoming 
valuable from the accumulating gravel and cement 
washed from the hydraulic mines above. In many 
instances these deposits are profitably turned over 
annually, to be renewed from above, gratis, for an- 
other year's work, and some idea may be formed of 



the value of these claims from the fact that the hill 
diggings are likely to last for generations. The 
lumber trade is extensively carried on, the county 
being well timbered ; with over twenty sawmills con- 
stantly running. There are several mulberry plan- 
tations in the western part of Nevada. The number 
of grape vines cultivated in 1868, amounted to 250,- 
000, from which 25,000 gallons of wine, and 500 gal- 
lons of brandy were manufactured. Grantreceived 3,- 
014 votes, and Seymour 2,455 in the election of J 868. 



OAKLAND. 

This beautiful city, which derives its name from 
the extensive groves of live oak trees that form a 
prominent, and very attractive feature of the place, 
is situated in Alameda County, on the eastern shore 
of the Bay of San Francisco, fronting the Golden 
Gate. The bay here is shallow near the shore, with 
only sufficient water for vessels of light draft, but 
by an expensive system of pier wharfage the west- 
ern water front is being made available for com- 
merce. The natural harbor of Oakland is the San 
Antonio creek, opening eastward from the bay, and 
having a depth of 22 feet in places, at low tide, 
with an average depth of 16 feet in mid-channel; 
but the entrance is obstructed by a bar, which hin- 
ders navigation for large vessels. An economical 
and unsuccessful attempt was made some years ago 
to keep the channel open by cribs. It is proposed 
now to build parallel walls from the shore on either 
side of the creek, to deep water, leaving a channel 
1 ,900 feet in width, which, by the use of the dredge 
will become a fine harbor, affording perfect security 
and ample room for shipping. The formation of 
another bar would be prevented by the tide sweep- 
ing the canal four times daily. The creek banks, 
suitable for wharfage, extend six miles from the pro- 
posed canal, which will be as wide as the Thames 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



36 



L. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. 



[Cal. 



at London, and equal to the harbors of Hamburg 
and Antwerp, the chief commercial cities of Europe. 
The expense attending this improvement would be 
less than for the construction of docks along the 
bay ; though the success of the Central Pacific Rail- 
road Company in building their long pier and 
wharves has demonstrated the feasibility of a sys- 
tem of docks. This pier extends two miles into 
the bay, and terminates three miles from Davis 
Street wharf, San Francisco, in twenty -nine feet of 
water at low tide. Between the pier head and 
Goat Island, is the inner ship channel of the Bay of 
San Francisco, greatly freshened on the Alameda 
shore by the water of the Sacramento river, to the 
entire discomfiture of the dreaded teredo, which is 
unknown on the Oakland side of the harbor. 
There will be twelve railroad tracks at the pier end, 
two mammoth freight sheds eight hundred feet in 
length, and a grain elevator of great capacity. 
Already many vessels of heavy tonnage have dis- 
charged cargoes of lumber at this wharf, and ships 
are now loading with grain for Liverpool. The 
Central Pacific Railroad Company have acquired 
large interests in Oakland, owning five hundred and 
fifty acres of land below low water mark, and sixty 
acres of upland at the " Point," on which their main 
warehouses, workshops, round houses, etc., will be 
built. They have also bought twenty acres of land 
at the junction of Market and Brush Streets, for 
their principal freight and passenger depots. 

By the present census, the population of Oakland 
is 11,000, and the assessed value of its real and 
personal property is $4,256,702. The bonded and 
floating debt of the city amounts to $126,400. The 
City Hall has already required an expenditure of 
$60,000 and $40,000 will soon be added to complete 
it. Oakland has 2,592 children under fifteen years 
of age, of whom 981 are under five years. Her 
public schools comprise a high school, two gram- 
mar schools, and four primaries. The grammar 
schools are in fine large buildings, with a full block 



of ground to each, the aggregate value being esti- 
mated at $76,000. Suitable ground has been se- 
cured for a high school. 

The classical college of the University of Cali- 
fornia, opened in September, 1869, temporarily occu- 
pies the premises of the College of California. 
The University embraces five distinct Colleges — 
four of arts, viz : a College of Mines, of Agriculture, 
of Mechanic Arts and of Civil Engineering and one 
of Letters, the last modeled after the old established 
Eastern Colleges. Eleven Professors constitute the 
Faculty, all of them occupying high positions in the 
ranks of Science and of Letters. The full course 
requires four years, but students may take a partial 
course, or may enter themselves as " students at 
large," and may select such branches of study as 
may be of practical benefit to them, continuing 
their connection with the University only so long as 
they see proper. The Regents have procured at 
large expense a splendid apparatus, selected from 
the best laboratories of Europe and the United 
States, and adapted to illustrate all the branches of 
science. A fifth class is about to be organized by 
the Regents, into which will be admitted those 
students not sufficiently advanced to enter the Uni- 
versity proper. This class will be equivalent to a 
Preparatory Department. The University is abso- 
lutely free. The second scholastic year begins on 
the 21st of September, 1870, and the new class 
about to enter will probably number eighty. 

The foundations for the new University build- 
ings have been laid at Berkeley, four miles from 
Oakland, and the work is being vigorously prose- 
cuted. The plans provide for the construction of 
two spacious buildings of brick and iron, earthquake 
proof, each about fifty by one hundred and fifty 
feet, and for seven dwelling houses for the Profes- 
sors. Space is left for the erection hereafter of an 
elegant and imposing central building, to be the 
culminating feature of the group, and to contain 
the Assembly Hall, Library and Museum. The 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 

37 



Cal.l 



L. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. 



University has about two hundred acres of land 
formerly the property of the College of California, 
admirably located on the slope of tbe hills, opposite 
the Golden Gate. The grounds are beautifully laid 
out with walks, drives, etc., and are tastefully orna- 
mented with a variety of trees and shrubbery. The 
projected city of Berkeley which is being laid out at 
this point, bids fair to become one of the finest places 
on the entire coast, and according to Professor Olm- 
stead,its natural advantages cannot be surpassed. 

The "State University School," long and success- 
fully conducted under the name of the " College 
School," has three hundred and twenty seven 
pupils and a staff of twenty competent teachers. 
The buildings are extensive and convenient and 
include the largest hall in town. 

The " Oakland Military Academy," besides a liter- 
ary education of a high order, gives the pupils a 
thorough military drill. The beautiful buildings 
and grounds are conspicuously located upon Acad- 
emy Hill, Telegraph Avenue. The " Oakland 
Female Seminary " founded in 1858 by Mrs. G. M. 
Blake, and still conducted by that lady, is a flourish- 
ing institution with one hundred and fifteen pupils, 
and twenty teachers. The extensive buildings and 
grounds occupy a full block. The " Female Col- 
lege of the Pacific,'" (Rev. E. R. Walsworth, founder 
and President, and D. C. Stone Principal), is finely 
located on Academy Hill. The school building is 
an elegant three-story structure, with accomodations 
for one hundred and twenty pupils. It possesses a 
library of two thousand volumes, and a cabinet of 
three thousand 'specimens of minerals and shells. 
The Convent of " Our Lady of the Sacred Heart," 
is centrally located, and has a goodly number of 
pupils. There are also several other excellent pri- 
vate schools in the city, which are well supported. 

The Oakland Library Association, organized in 
1868, has about four thousand volumes, and owns a 
valuable building lot on which a suitable building 
will be erected at an early day. 



The State Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, 
located half a mile south of the site of the Univer- 
sity, three hundred feet above the sea, and facing 
the Bay of San Francisco, is a massive and beauti- 
ful stone structure, three stories high. There are 
sixty inmates who belong to other parts of the 
Pacific coast, as well as to California; thirty-six are 
blind and twenty-four mutes ; thirty-five males, 
and twenty-five females. The course of instruction 
is of a high order ; the result wonderful. An oppor- 
tunity to visit this institution should not be neglected, 
as it is a credit not to the State alone, but to 
humanity. 

Oakland contains nine churches, two Masonic 
Lodges and two Chapters, two Lodges and an En- 
campment of Odd Fellows, with a fine large hall 
and a Library of one thousand volumes, a prosper- 
ous Lodge of Good Templars, three Relief Associa- 
tions — the Oakland Benevolent Society, Hebrew 
Benevolent Society, and St. Joseph's Benevolent 
Society — one Mutual Provident Association, three 
military companies, and a well organized fire de- 
partment, with a steam-fire engine. There are one 
hundred and fifty-six stores and places of business 
of all descriptions. Among the manufactories re- 
cently started are the Averill Chemical Paint Works, 
several extensive planing mills, and the large fruit- 
canning factory of Lusk & Co.. There are three 
daily papers, each with a job printing office attached. 
The two Savings Banks have a total capital of $800,- 
000 and 1,200 depositors. Several Express compan- 
ies jiave offices in Oakland, and do a large, paying 
business. Ore reduction works on a large scale are 
in course of construction in close proximity to the 
Central Pacific Railroad, and ship building to some 
extent is carried on at the water front facing the 
bay. The floating dock belonging to the San Fran- 
cisco Dry Dock Co. 240 feet long, by 82 feet wide, 
was built at the foot of Seventh street. 

Water for the city is brought from Temescal 
creek, five miles distant. A new dam has been con- 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 



38 



L. P . FISHER 



ADVERTISERS' GUIDE. 



[Cal. 



structed with a reservoir capacity of 200,000,000 
gallons. There are several artesian wells in the 
city. The town is lighted by gas. 

Six hundred and ninety -five sales of real estate 
were made in 1869, transferring property exceeding 
in value $2,000,000 ; property on Broadway, the 
principal business street, commanding two hundred 
dollars per front foot. 

A permanent street grade has been established 
contemplating the filling up of the eight thousand 
acres of tide lands owned by the Water Front 
Company. 

A Horse Railway is in successful operation, run- 
ning from the foot of Broadway through Telegraph 
Avenue a distance of three miles, towards Berke- 
ley, its final destination. It has paid interest on the 
money invested. Other horse railroads are pro- 
jected. 

Ten miles of graded and macadamized roads have 
been constructed within the city limits, and the 
work is steadily progressing. The roads and ave- 
nues leading from town are kept in excellent order, 
and afford splendid drives. Beautiful private gar- 
dens adorn the city in every direction. One of the 
most pleasant places of resort is Lake Merritt, 
formed by a dam across San Antonio creek. It is a 
charming sheet of water, nearly a mile long and a 
half a mile in width. Artificial islands have been 
constructed in the lake, and boats for visitors are at 
hand. A fine carriage-way winds around the lake, 
which will become one of the most attractive locali- 
ties in Californa. 

Two miles north-east from Oakland (one mile 
from Lake Merritt) in a ravine abounding in oak and 
bay trees, buckeyes and flowering shrubs, are the 
Piedmont Springs, some of them strongly tinctured 
with sulphur, iron and other minerals possessing 
medicinal qualities. A fine macadamized road has 
been opened from Lake Merritt to the Springs, 
several cottages have been built, and a hotel is to be 
erected for the accomodation of patients and visitors. 



The villages in the neighborhood of Oakland are 
all flourishing, and eventually the entire Oakland 
peninsula, together with the Encinal of Alameda, 
will be one city, including also within its limits the 
present city of Brooklyn. Oakland and Brooklyn 
are already connected by a tine bridge at Twelfth 
Street, and by railroad bridges at Seventh and 
First Streets. The projected bridge from Oakland 
to Alameda will supply a want which has long been 
felt by the public generally. 

Hourly trips are made by ferry boats between 
Oakland and San Francisco, the average number of 
passengers being about 120,000 monthly. 

The' suburbs of Oakland abound in beautiful sites 
for rural homes, and are fast tilling up with families 
in comfortable circumstances. The scenery, cli- 
mate and beautiful drives, good society, and the 
educational advantages of this charming city, have 
already attracted to it a numerous and desirable class 
of residents. 



ORLEANS. 

Orleans, the county seat of Klamath County, is 
situated on the Klamath river about sixty miles 
from the ocean. It is the center of an extensive 
mining district, as yet only imperfectly developed. 
In the neighborhood, extensive deposits of rich cop- 
per ore appear on the surface, and virgin copper is 
frequently met with. The population is 150 exclu- 
sive of Indians. There is one newspaper at Orleans. 
The industrial pursuits of Klamath County are at 
present, chiefly lumbering and mining, with farm- 
ing to a limited extent. Sawyer's Bar, the largest 
settlement in the county, is on the North Fork of 
the Salmon river, and with its environs, has about 
250 inhabitants. There are several rich quartz 
mines in the vicinity, and three mills crushing 
quartz with highly remunerative results ; a fourth 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



p. fisher's advertisers' guide. 



39 



mill is not running. Sawyer's Bar promises to be 
the most populous mining town in the northern 
part of the State. Trinidad, on the bay of that 
name, is a lumbering town. There are two saw- 
mills, and the redwoods are almost inexhaustible. 
From the southern boundary to the Del Norte line, 
is a belt of immense redwood trees, extending over 
an area from ten to twelve miles in width. Some 
land is under cultivation in Dow's Prairie, live 
miles south of Trinidad. The bay of Trinidad is 
sheltered from the northerly winds, and with a 
breakwater would be a good harbor of refuge. 

At Gold Bluffs two companies are engaged in 
beach mining with good success. The sand along 
the beach for the whole extent of the county is 
auriferous. The Bald Hills near the coast, and the 
lower Klamath river, afford pasturage for large 
herds of cattle. The grass, in consequence of the 
coast fogs, is very luxuriant. 

Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation is on the Trinity 
river, ten miles from its junction with the Klamath. 
The mountain region of Klamath Co. is densely 
wooded, the principal varieties being fir, sugar pine, 
madrona and the different oaks. Over 2,000,000 
feet of lumber are shipped annually to San Francisco. 

The vote for Grant in 1868 was one hundred and 
thirty-seven, for Seymour one hundred and eighty- 
seven. The amount of tax collected in 1869 was 
$3,619.90. The assessed value of real and personal 
property in 1870 was $399,824. The estimated pop- 
ulation of the county is about 2,500. 



OROVILLE. 

Oroville, as its name imports, is a mining town. 
It is the county seat of Butte County, and the center 
of an important placer mining district. The present 
population is about two thousand, one-third less than 
in the palmy days of placer mining. The town is 



well laid out, and still shows evidences of its former 
wealth. It has a line public square, ornamented 
with shade trees, and many beautiful private gar- 
dens and orchards. It is connected by railroad with 
Marysville, and will soon he in communication with 
Oregon also, by means of the extension of the road 
uorth. It has stage connections with La Porte, 
Susanville and other towns. The prospects of the 
town are brightening. There are 306 children in 
attendance at the public schools. The mines still 
yield handsomely, and the gold obtained is celebra- 
ted for its purity, ranging from 984 to 987 in fine- 
ness, and worth $20 per ounce. 

Butte County, so named from the low serrated 
mountain range within its limits, is about sixty 
miles in length by thirty-five in width. Formerly 
exclusively a mining county, it now possesses at 
least equal importance as a rich agricultural region. 
The extensive bottom lands along the Sacramento 
River, and the exceedingly fertile valley of the 
Feather River and its branches, give it a large 
area of the finest farming land in the State. The 
region is well watered by the numerous small creeks 
and the forks of the Feather. The main portion of 
the county is level, only the eastern and northern 
extremities rising into the foot hills of the Sierras. 
The grain crop of 1868 consisted mainly of 344,840 
bushels of wheat, 196,686 bushels of barley, and 
15,210 bushels of oats. The area cultivated was 
37,863 acres. There are in the county four flour 
mills, capable of turning out six hundred barrels of 
flour per day. The farming products shipped from 
Butte County have exceeded in value $2,000,000 per 
annum for five years past, and the amount is annu- 
ally increasing. There are in the county 573,697 
grape vines, the product of 1868 being 30,828 
gallons of wine and 2,676 of brandy. Raisins of 
excellent quality are produced, sufficient to supply 
the home market, and large quantities of fruit 
are dried and sent to San Francisco. Several thou- 
sand bushels of peanuts are also grown in the 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California 



40 



L. P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[Cal. 



county every year. Stock raising is a pursuit of 
considerable importance ; wool growing especially 
has become a leading business, being one of the 
staple exports of the county. During the present 
season, one sheep owner (G. W. Gridley) obtained 
83,000 pounds of wool from his flock of 9,000 sheep. 
The Census Marshal estimates the present popula- 
tion of the county at 20,000. 



PACHECO. 

Pacheco, the principal business emporium of 
Contra Costa County, is a town of about five hun- 
dred inhabitants, situated on the San Ramon Creek, 
in the delta of the beautiful, productive and well 
populated valleys which lie around the southern, 
western and northwestern base of Mt. Diablo. It 
is immediately surrounded by a rich and finely im- 
proved agricultural district, comprised in Las Juntas, 
Pacheco, San Miguel, Diablo and Ignacio valleys ; 
connecting further south with the San Ramon, Tay- 
lor., Moraga, Green, Sycamore, Tassajara, Amador 
and Livermore valleys. The business of the place 
supports eight or ten merchandising establishments, 
two large lumber yards, two hotels, two livery 
stables, a flour mill, a foundry and machine shop, 
three wagon and carriage shops, four blacksmith, 
one tin and two harness shops ; two churches — 
Presbyterian and Catholic — a public library, a 
Lodge of Odd Fellows, one of Good Templars, a 
Tribe of the Improved Order of Red Men, and a 
brass band. The grounds and buildings of the 
Contra Costa Agricultural Society are located here. 
Its graded public school has an attendance of more 
than one hundred pupils, since the recent division 
of the district for the convenience of Concord, a 
new town one mile east of Pacheco. The town is 
eleven miles north-west of the Mt. Diablo base and 
meridian intersection point, about twenty -two miles 



north-east of Oakland, and five miles south-east of 
Martinez, the county seat. The official paper of the 
county is published at Pacheco, and more than one- 
half of the grain product is shipped at this landing, 
the average being not less than 700,000 bushels an- 
nually, of which three-fourths is wheat. At high 
tide the creek is navigable for schooners drawing 
six feet of water. 

Contra Costa County contains over 550,000 acres 
of land, 100,000 being under cultivation ; 100,000 fit 
for cultivation, 100,000 swamp and overflowed, and 
200,000 mountainous — much of the last fit for graz- 
ing. The valley land is very productive, averaging 
over thirty bushels of wheat and fifty of barley to 
the acre. This season a field of sixty acres near 
Pacheco yielded two hundred and forty tons of 
wheat hay, which, over all expenses, netted a profit 
of thirty dollars to the acre. 

The Diablo coal mines are in this county, about 
six miles from the San Joaquin River. Pittsburg 
Landing is the shipping point. A railroad has been 
constructed from the mines to the landing, at a cost 
of $145,000. A portion of the road has a grade of 
two hundred and seventy-four feet to a mile. The 
Pittsburg, Union and Eureka companies send their 
coal over this road ; the Black Diamond Company 
have another road terminating at New York, six 
miles west of Pittsburg Landing. The various 
mines give employment to 1,000 men. 

The population of Contra Costa County exceeds 
eleven thousand, having doubled in ten years. The 
assessed value of property in 1869, was $3,325,080. 
At the last Presidential election, 1,092 votes were 
for Grant, and 738 for Seymour. 



PETALUMA. 

Petaluma, the principal town in Sonoma County, 
is situated at the bead of navigation of Petaluma 
Creek, which empties into San Pablo Bay, and is 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



L. P. FISHER 



ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



41 



navigable for steamers and coasting vessels at high 
tide. It was incorporated in 1858, since which time 
it has steadily increased in wealth, population, and 
commercial importance, especially during the last 
three years. It is built in the center of an exten- 
sive and fertile agricultural region, and is the nat- 
ural outlet for nearly the whole of Sonoma, and 
large portions of Lake, Marin, and Mendocino 
counties. Much of the district is heavily wooded 
with some of the finest and most valuable timber to 
be found west of the Rocky Mountains. The site 
of the city is considered to be one of the finest on 
the Pacific Slope ; the scenery is picturesque, and 
the climate is very healthy throughout the year. 

Three steamers, carrying passengers and freight, 
ply to and from San Francisco, two of them making 
daily trips, and the other three times a week. A 
large number of sailing craft are constantly em- 
ployed in the carrying trade. Numerous lines of 
daily stages also center here. The construction of 
a railroad from the Napa County line via Petaluma 
to Santa Rosa, Healdsburg, and Cloverdale, has 
been commenced, and will be completed in about 
eighteen months, which will greatly enhance the 
prosperity of Petaluma. 

As a manufacturing town, Petaluma possesses 
many advantages. The following is a list of the 
mechanical and manufacturing establishments : 
Two manufactories of agricultural implements, 
three tanneries, one pottery, one marble works, 
one sash and blind factory, one foundry and ma- 
chine shop, two grist mills, eleven blacksmith and 
wagon-making shops, six carpenter shops, one un- 
dertaker, three tin shops, one gun-smith, ten boot 
and shoe stores, one glove manufactory, four tailor 
shops, one cabinet-maker, one candy manufactory, 
and one cooper shop. Among its business estab- 
lishments are seven large hotels, three bakeries, 
nine dry goods stores, ten grocery stores, four furni- 
ture stores, four hardware stores, two oil and paint 
stores, two drug stores, two banks, five book, sta- 



tionery and variety stores, three saddlery stores, 
three jewelry stores, seven millinery establish- 
ments, four tobacco stores, twelve warehouses, one 
wholesale liquor store, two photograph galleries, 
two breweries, three lumber yards, seven livery 
stables, four paint shops, twenty-seven saloons, four 
meat markets, ten insurance agencies, one printing 
office, publishing a weekly newspaper, and post 
telegraph, and express offices. The following are 
those engaged in professional pursuits. Ten physi- 
cians, eighteen school teachers, six music teachers, 
seven clergymen, eight lawyers, three dentists, and 
two surveyors. 

It contains five public schools, controlled by a 
city Board of Education ; also five private schools 
and seminaries. Not less than six hundred pupils 
attend these establishments at present. The church- 
es are all in a flourishing condition, and consist of 
Methodist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist- 
South, Baptist, Roman Catholic, and African M. E., 
denominations. There are four Masonic and two 
Odd Fellows' lodges, a temperance organization, two 
Mutual Benefit societies, a public reading room and 
library, a debating society, and a well organized 
efficient Fire Department, consisting of one Hook 
and Ladder, and three Engine Companies. 

The trade of Petaluma is very extensive ; whole- 
sale and retail establishments do a large business. 
Hay, grain, fruit, potatoes, hops, butter, cheese, 
eggs, wine, hogs, sheep, cattle, poultry, wool, fire- 
wood, ship-timber, lumber, staves, hop-poles, and 
charcoal are among the various products shipped to 
San Francisco. The shipments to that place during 
April, 1869, of butter, eggs, and cheese alone, 
amounted in value to one hundred and five thousand 
five hundred dollars. 

The population, which is steadily increasing, is 
estimated at 5,000 inhabitants. 

It is impossible to form an accurate estimate of the 
various industrial products of Sonoma county. The 
following figures, compiled by the Assessor in 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



42 



L. P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[Cal. 



1868, are the latest attainable, and are probably 
twenty per cent, below the products of the present 
year : 

Bushels of wheat produced, 2,120,313 ; of barley, 
212,121 ; of oats, 201,357; of corn, 85,720 ; of po- 
tatoes, 211,398; tons of hay, 23,978 ; pounds of 
hops, 26,950 ; of tobacco, 15,000 ; of butter, 916,- 
868 ; of cheese, 732,695 ; of wool, 109,448 ; gallons 
of wine, 348,136 ; of brandy, 6,545 ; barrels of 
flour made, 48,050 ; feet of lumber sawed, 6,309,000 ; 
number of shingles made, 3,363,000. The number 
of acres of land inclosed was 510,782 ; number cul- 
tivated, 207,405 ; number of apple trees in the 
county, 322,760 ; peach, 55,965 ; pear, 16,972 ; plum, 
31,763; cherry, 8,516; nectarine, 1,326; quince, 
3,086 ; apricot, 1,881 ; tig, 1,997 ; lemon, 212 ; orange, 
388; olive, 76; prune, 616; mulberry, 6,350; al- 
mond, 4,354 ; walnut, 2,221 ; gooseberry bushes, 
20,212; raspberry, 6,940; strawberry, 174,105; 
grape vines, 4,112,279. The number of horses in 
the county was 9,856 ; mules, 1,198 ; cows, 11,187; 
calves, 7,615; beef cattle, 5,507; oxen, 714 ; neat 
cattle, 25,023 ; sheep, 29,970 ; cashmere goats, 50 ; 
hogs, 26,146; chickens, 45,547; turkeys, 3,599; 
geese, 5,414 ; ducks, 4,387 ; hives of bees, 143 ; 
grist mills, 8, with eleven run of stone ; saw mills, 
17. Valuation of real estate, 1868, $3,501,307; im- 
provements, $113,794; personal property, $2,523,- 
735 ; total valuation of property, $6,138,836. Esti- 
mated total population, 22,321 ; registered voters 
4,734. Votes for Grant 1,799, for Seymour, 2,402. 



PLACERVILLE. 

Placerville, the county seat of El Dorado County, 
is situated in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada 
Mountains, about fifty miles in a north of east di- 
rection from Sacramento. Its altitude is 1880 feet 
above tide water. It was first settled in 1848, im- 
mediately after the discovery of gold by J. W. Mar- 



shall, at Coloma, which is distant from Placerville 
about eight miles in a north west direction. 

Placerville was incorporated by act of the Leg- 
islature in 1859, and reincorporated and limits ex- 
tended in 1863. It has been twice destroyed by fire; 
that of 1856 leaving but very few buildings, the de- 
stroying element making a clean sweep. 

Until within a few years it was the grand depot 
of the Carson Valley trade ; all the travel to the sil- 
ver regions of Nevada, and all the bullion from her 
mines, passing through this place. 

At present the town is the center of a large mining, 
vinicultural, and fruit growing district, which pro- 
bably has no superior in the State. The city contains 
a population of about 3,500. It has of Masonic Fra- 
ternities, two Blue Lodges, one Royal Arch Chap- 
ter, one Council Royal and Select Masters, and one 
Commandery Knights Templar ; it has two Lodges 
of Odd Fellows, and one Encampment ; one Tribe 
of Improved Order of Red Men; one Lodge of Good 
Templars ; one Post Grand Army of the Republic ; 
one Grove of the Ancient Order of Druids — the 
first chartered Grove in the State ; two fire engine 
companies, one military company, four churches 
with resident ministers, one Jewish Synagogue, 
and one Chinese u Joss House." It has two bank- 
ing houses, an iron foundry and machine shop to 
which is attached a mill for grinding grain, two fine 
engine houses, two quartz mills, three large and 
a number of smaller hotels, county hospital, court 
house, jail, one public hall, one theatre, and one li- 
brary containing about one thousand volumes. All 
the different professions and trades are fully repre- 
sented, such as lawyers, physicians, printers, sur 
veyors, jewellers, dry goods merchants, grocers 
lumber merchants, hardware and drug dealers, black- 
smiths, wagon makers, carpenters, gunsmiths, shoe- 
makers, tailors, dress makers, etc., etc. There is one 
newspaper The Mountain Democrat, (weekly) one 
of the oldest papers in the State, and the only one 
published in the county. 



L. P. 


FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, 


San Francisco, 


California 


Cal 


] I,, p. fisher's advertisers' guide 




43 



According to the school census of 1S70, there are 
in the city three hundred and eighty census children, 
and one hundred and fifty-eight under five years of 
age. There are four public and one private schools, 
The vote of the city at tbe last general elec- 
tion was five huudred and thirty -three, and the vote 
of the county, two thousand eight hundred and 
thirty-two. The tax roll of the county for the year 
1869, amounted to $2,255,053.00. Amount paid by 
the county into the state treasury in the year 1869, 
$25,681.78. Grant received 1,676 votes, and Sey- 
mour 1,683 at the Presidential Election. 

Quarries of marble of a superior quality abound 
in the south-eastern portion of the county, together 
with quarries of electro silicon and photograph sand- 
stone; and ledges containing nearly all the precious 
metals rib the county throughout. 

In the eastern part of the county, and immediately 
below and between the summits of the Sierras, there 
are a number of beautiful lakes, abounding with 
trout and other fish, and during the summer months 
a great number of pleasure and health seekers are 
attracted from different portions of the State. 
The celebrated Lake Tahoe forms a portion of the 
north-easterly boundary of the county. It lies partly 
in the State of Nevada, is thirty -five miles long and 
fifteen broad, and is one of the most beautiful sheets 
of water in the world, its smooth surface reflecting 
with the clearness of a mirror the outlines of the 
mountains on the margin. The water is so clear 
and pure that small objects can be seen lying on the 
bottom at great depths. Soundings have been 
made to the depth of seventeen hundred feet. A 
daily stage from Truckee carries visitors to the 
lake. 

El Dorado County also contains within her limits 
two noted caves, which are marvels of beauty. One, 
the "Alabaster Cave," is situated near the Middle 
Fork of the American River, in the north-western 
portion of the county : the other, the " Cosumnes," 
is near the Middle Pork of the Cosumnes River. 



During the past few years there has been consid- 
erable depression in the various industries of the coun- 
ty, attributable to a great extent to the diversion of the 
Carson Valley trade and travel, which now goes by 
way of the Central Pacific Railroad. Recent dis- 
coveries, however, of rich gold bearing quartz in 
the vicinity of the city, in connection with the well 
known fact of the existence of extensive gravel de- 
posits containing gold in the surrounding hills, have 
awakened new attention to the subject of construct, 
inga large canal, designed to convey the unappropri- 
ated waters of the lakes and streams in the eastern 
part of El Dorado, to such points as shall make them 
available for mining, agricultural aud manufacturing 
purposes throughout the different sections of the 
county. In addition to this, the Government sur- 
vey of the lands in the vicinity of Placerville has 
given a fresh incentive to those who are seeking 
and striving to build permanent homes among the 
vine-clad hills of El Dorado. The prospect was nev- 
er more cheering than at present for the opening 
of a future, that in all the elements of true prosper, 
ity will rival all former periods in the history of 
El Dorado County. 

During the year 1869, there were shipped from the 
little village of Coloma alone, mostly by one shipper, 
nearly 450,000 pounds or 225 tons of fresh and dried 
fruits, and 16,000 gallons of wine and brandy. This 
will give some idea of the importance of the fruit 
growing interest in El Dorado County, where 
1,147,250 grape vines were in the ground in 1868. 
The wine product of that year was 168,638 gall- 
Ions, besides 47,409 gallons of brandy. 

A colony of Japanese is established near Placer- 
ville, and is engaged in the cultivation of the tea 
plant under the superintendency of Herfc Schnell, a 
Prussian, who has resided ten years in Japan, and 
is the founder of the colony. 87,000 tea plants that 
have been set out are growing finely. They have 
also 75,000 mulberry trees in fine condition, and are 
introducing a new variety of silk worm. 



L, P. USHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 
44 l. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. [Cal. 



Placerville is easy of access at all times of year. 
A daily stage connects with the Placerville and Sac- 
ramento Valley Railroad at Shingle Springs, and 
another daily liue connects with cars of the Central 
Pacific Railroad at Auburn. Mails leave the Placer- 
ville Post Office daily for all parts of the county, 
and for Sacramento, San Francisco and the Atlantic 
States. 



QUINCY. 



On the main road leading from Oroville, Bntte 
County, to the State of Nevada via Beckwourth 
Pass, at a distance of about sixty-five miles from 
the former, fifty-five miles from the latter, and one 
hundred and forty-five miles from Sacramento, lies 
the town of Quincy, the county seat of Plumas 
County. It is built on a level plateau of about one 
hundred acres, situated on the southern border of 
American Valley, and near Spanish Creek, a tribu- 
tary of the east branch of the north fork of Feather 
River. Mining, farming, stock-raising, and the 
dairy, are its priucipal resources. The voting popu- 
lation numbers about one hundred and seventy-five, 
and the total inhabitants about five hundred, com- 
prising forty families. It is the general depot for a 
large section of the surrounding country, and con- 
tains three general mercantile establishments, each 
doing an extensive business ; one blacksmith and 
wagonmaker shop, three carpenter shops, two boot 
and shoe stores, oue printing office, which issues a 
weekly newspaper, one market, two hotels, two 
livery stables, one billiard saloon, one brewery, two 
drinking saloons, one Masonic Lodge and one Odd 
Fellows' Lodge, both in a very flourishing condi- 
tion, one public school with an average attendance 
of about forty scholars, and two physicians. It 
also contains a number of neat cottages, and several 
fruit and flower-gardens. A more healthy or desira- 
ble location than Quincy cannot be found in the State. 



The American Valley, which, together with the 
county business, gives note and character to the 
town, contains about 5,000 acres of arable and 
grazing land, mostly very productive. All kinds of 
grain and vegetables are raised, greatly in excess 
of the home consumption, and many fruits, such as 
apples, peaches, pears, and plums, are produced in 
sufficient quantities for home use. This valley sup- 
plies the mining towns of Nelson Point, Onion Val- 
ley, Sawpit Flat, and La Porte, in Plumas County, 
and Gibsonviile, Whisky Diggings, Howland 
Flat, St. Louis, and Port Wine, in Sierra County, 
with vegetables, hay, grain, butter, eggs, etc. 
More extensive cultivation will soon bring the su p- 
ply up to the demand, which is now in excess of the 
production. 

Plumas County contains 5,000 inhabitants, 1,500 
being entitled to vote. Its mineral resources are- 
immense ; but for want of roads, they are only par- 
tially developed : still, several extensive and remu- 
nerative quartz mines are being worked, among 
which are the Eureka and Mammoth mines, near 
Jamison City, the Crescent, Judkins & Kellogg, 
and the Indian Valley mines in the vicinity of 
Indian Valley. Placer mining is successfully car- 
ried on, the principal districts being La Porte and 
Sawpit Flat. Good coal, fit for domestic purposes, 
is found in Indian Valley ; and there are rich depos- 
its of iron and copper, which await future develop- 
ments, to add to the wealth of the county. It con- 
tains a greater proportion of grazing and agricul- 
tural laud than any other strictly mountain county 
in the State, the same being estimated at about 
145,000 acres, distributed over the county in valleys 
of various extent. Among them are Sierra Valley, 
containing 75,600 acres; Big Meadows, 20,000 acres ; 
Indian Valley, 16,000 acres ; American Valley, 5,000 
acres ; Humbug Valley, 3,000 acres ; Rice's Valley, 
2,000 acres; Mohawk Valley, 1,500 acres; Butt 
Valley, 1,400 acres ; and numerous smaller valleys, 
containing from 1,000 acres, downwards. These 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



I, . P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



45 



lands will doubtless become the main sources of the 
future wealth of the county, and are rapidly becom- 
ing the permanent homes of energetic settlers. 
Plumas County contains extensive tracts of fine 
timber laud, which will be exceedingly valuable at 
some future time. 

In 1868, 2,300 grape-vines were growing in the 
county. The grain product, for 1869, amounted to 
wheat, 19,170 bushels; barley, 3,200 bushels; 
and oats, 35,784 bushels. It contributed to the 
State Treasury, during the same year, the 6um of 
$14,277.25. The assessed value of property is 
stated at $1,201,830. The vole polled in favor 
of Grant was 711 ; for Seymour, 554 votes. 



RED BLUFF. 

Red Bluff", the county seat, and the largest town 
in Tehama County, is built on the west bank of the 
Sacramento River, about thirty feet above high 
water mark. It is situated in the midst of rich agri- 
cultural and grazing lands, and presents a very 
thrifty appearance, doing a steady and increasing 
business. At the head of steamboat navigation, it 
is the depot for supplies for that portion of Califor- 
nia lying north of it, and also of a part of Southern 
Oregon. A steamboat runs regularly to and from 
Sacramento, distant 240 miles by river, and 135 
miles by land. The Oregon and California stage 
route passes through the town, and the extension of 
the California and Pacific Railroad from Woodland 
will also pass through it. The survey of the Cali- 
fornia and Oregon Railroad passes at a distance of 
two miles. The population is about 2,000. 

Red Bluff contains two 1 irge hotels, two livery 
stables, two printing offices, one daguerrean gallery, 
telegraph office, express office, postoffice, one coop- 
erage, five wagonmaking shops, eight blacksmith 
and three carpenter shops, one gunsmith, two tailor 



shops, one glove manufactory, three harness and 
saddle manufactories, three boot and shoemakers, 
two jewelry stores, three drug stores, two barber 
shops, three variety stores, one hardware store, 
seven dry goods, groceries and provision stores, two 
bakeries, one meat market, one furniture store, two 
forwarding and commission merchants, nine saloons, 
three billiard rooms, five lawyers, five physicians 
and two churches. The public schools contain 203 
scholars, and one select school has an attendance of 
25 scholars. The Masons, Odd Fellows, and Good 
Templars have flourishing lodges. There is a mili- 
tary company and a brass baud. 

Tehama County, according to the Assessor's esti- 
mate, contained in 1869 a population of 5,200. Three 
hundred and fifty votes were cast for Grant, and 
three hundred and ninety-eight for Seymour. 

The quantity of enclosed land in 1868 amounted 
to 102,040 acres, of which 38,000 acres were under 
cultivation. 19,200 acres produced 386,000 bushels 
of wheat; 8,120 acres produced 19,086 bushels of 
barley, and 125 acres produced 7,000 bushels of oats. 
The number of grape vines cultivated in 1868 
amounted to 246,212. 20,000 gallons of wine and 
4,312 gallons of brandy were manufactured the 
same year. The assessed value of property in 1869 
amounied to $1,880 736, and the amount paid to the 
State Treasurer was $16,105 85. 



REDWOOD CITY. 

Redwood City, the county seat of San Mateo 
County, is an incorporated town of 1,500 inhabitants, 
situated on the line of the San Francisco and San 
Jose Railroad, twenty-eight miles south of the for- 
mer city, and twenty -two miles north of the latter. 
It is the shipping point for large quantities of red- 
wood lumber, posts and shingles ; vessels of moder- 
erate tonnage being able to navigate Redwood 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



46 



P. FISHER'S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



[Cal. 



Creek and enter the heart of the town, to receive 
and discharge cargo. The redwood is obtained on 
the western slope of the Santa Cruz Mountains. 
The city contains a Congregational, an Episcopal, 
and a Roman Catholic Church, and the Baptists 
hold services in the Court House. There is an ex- 
cellent graded school, with one of the best school 
houses and gymnasium to be found outside the large 
cities ; one planing mill, one lumber yard, one 
grist mill, one tannery, two fine hotels, one restau- 
rant, five stores, two livery stables, two bakeries, 
three blacksmith shops, one carriage manufactory, 
two stove and tinware stores, one furniture and up- 
holstery establishment, one drug store, one brewery, 
three liquor and billiard saloons, six or eight re- 
freshment rooms, two barber shops, four shoemaker 
shops, two harnessmakers, two fruit and toy shops, 
one merchant tailor, one milliner, four or five 
dressmakers, one gun and locksmith, two physi- 
cians, five lawyers and a printing office, publishing 
a weekly newspaper. There are lodges of Masons 
and Odd Fellows, an American Protestant Associa- 
tion, a Division of Sons of Temperance, a Young 
Men's Library and Reading Room, an Odd Fel- 
lows' Library and a good brass band. The town 
has an efficient fire brigade, and a good fire engine 
and engine house. Upon the wharves are three 
large warehouses for the storage of hay, grain, etc. 
The principal streets of Redwood City which until 
lately were ungraded and impassable for teams, 
after a heavy fall of rain, are now macadamized, 
and the improvement has nearly doubled the value 
of real estate. 

The population of San Mateo County is estimated 
at 6,000. Allured by the natural beauty of the 
country, as well as by the delightful climate, many 
of the wealthy men of San Francisco have settled 
at Redwood City, and in the neighboring villages 
of San Mateo, Menlo Park, Fair Oaks, and other 
points between the foothills and San Francisco 
Bay. Many of them have erected princely man- 



sions, and the beautiful gardens, lawns and pleasure 
grounds by which they are surrounded testify to the 
good taste as well as to the wealth of the pro- 
prietors. 

Extensive forests of redwood exist twelve miles 
west of Redwood City, containing trees measuring 
seventy-five feet in circumference ; trees that a sur- 
veyor's chain, measuring sixty -six feet, will not 
encircle, are plentiful. San Mateo County paid 
$25,923.47 into the State Treasury in 1869, and the 
real estate and personal property was valued by the 
Assessor at $1,512,720. In 1868, 753,376 grape 
vines were under cultivation, and the quantity of 
grain harvested amounted to 450,000 bushels of 
wheat, 390,000 bushels of barley, and 800,000 bush- 
els of oats ; the latter being double the quantity 
produced in any other county in California in that 
year. Flax culture has also received some atten- 
tion. Grant received 627 votes, and Seymour 417 
at the election of 1868. The present population of 
the county is estimated at 6,000. 



SACRAMENTO. 

This city, the second in the State in population, 
wealth, and commercial importance, is situated on 
the east bank of the Sacramento river, a short dis- 
tance south of its confluence with the American 
river. It is built mainly of brick, and has wide and 
well-paved streets, bordered everywhere, except in 
the business portion of the city, with large and 
shady cottonwood and sycamore trees. It is the 
capital of the State, and a general railroad center, 
no less than five railroads having a terminus within 
the city limits. Sacramento is built upon a part of 
the Sutter grant, and for a long time its progress 
was retarded by conflicting titles ; but this difficulty 
has been in a great measure overcome, though a 
cloud still rests on the title to some parts of the 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.l 



P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



property. The city has had a rapid growth within 
the past two or three years, and in that time has in- 
creased i;i population from fifteen to twenty-five 
thousand. 

Sacramento is justly prond of her many costly 
and elegant private residences. Among her public 
edifices is the State Capitol. It stands in the center 
of four blocks, and has a frontage of 320 feet ; the 
main entrance facing Twenty-fourth, the widest 
street in the city. A flight of granite steps, twenty- 
five feet high and eighty feet in width, leads up to 
the main entrance. The rotunda is seventy-two 
feet in diameter, and thence extend the two main 
hallways in which are ranged the State offices, 
committee rooms, legislative halls, etc. The Senate 
chamber is seventy-two feet by sixty-two feet, and 
the Assembly chamber seventy-two feet by eighty- 
two feet. Both are models of architectural beauty. 
When completed, the building will have cost in the 
neighborhood of two millious of dollars. The an- 
nual State fairs are held at Sacx-amento, where the 
State Agricultural Society owns commodious 
grounds and stalls for the exhibition of stock ; a 
pavilion of large dimensions, and one of the finest 
race tracks in the world. Sacramento has seven- 
teen public schools, with an attendance of 2,150 
pupils. Several of the school buildings are brick 
structures of fine proportions. There are besides 
several private schools for young ladies. The Sisters 
of St. Joseph have also a school attended by the 
orphans under their charge, and it is well patronized 
by the Catholic portion of the community. Besides 
the Catholic Asylum, there is a well managed Asy- 
lum for Protestant orphans. The number of chil- 
dren in the city, between the ages of five and fif- 
teen, is 3,050, about eighty of whom are colored ; 
these attend the colored school. The number of 
children under fifteen years of age is set down at 
about 5,000. There are sixteen churches in the 
city, twelve Masonic lodges, ten Odd Fellows' 
lodges, and seven temperance societies. The How- 



ard Benevolent Association is peculiarly a Sacra- 
mento institution. During the twelve years of its 
existence, it has extended relief to nearly 30,000 
distressed and suffering persons. There is also a 
Hebrew Benevolent Association, a Young Men's 
Christian Association, etc. Eleven fire insurance 
and life insurance companies are represented in the 
city; among them is the Pacific Mutual Life In- 
surance Company, a Sacramento institution, and 
one of the leading life insurance companies on the 
coast. The Odd Fellows' Savings Bank has a 
branch office at Sacramento. Besides, there are 
two local savings banks, with 5,960 depositors, hav- 
ing on deposit $3,015,981 in gold. They pay semi- 
annual dividends, aggregating $166,307. There 
are also the private banks of D. O. Mills & Co, and 
B. F. Hastings <fc Co., both old established and 
flourishing houses. The Fire Department com- 
prises six engine companies, one hose, and one 
hook and ladder company. The public library 
contains upwards of 5,000 volumes, besides the State 
library (25,464 volumes) and the Odd Fellows' 
library with 1,200 volumes. 

Communication with Sacramento is had by rail 
and steam from San Francisco, by rail from Val- 
lejo, Napa, Calistoga, Woodland, Marysville, 
Chico, Oroville, Shmgle Springs, Folsom, and all 
points along the Central Pacific Railroad. In addi- 
tion to the daily steamers to and from San Fran- 
cisco, light-draft boats ascend the upper Sacra- 
mento, and passengers are carried to and from 
Colusa, Marysville, Chico, Red Bluff, Princeton, 
and other points on the river. Nearly the entire 
grain crop of Colusa, Tehama, and other northern 
counties is shipped from points along the river on 
barges, and towed by small steamers, some of it di- 
rect to San Francisco ; but the greater portion is 
unloaded at Sacramento, and transferred to the large 
river steamers for shipment to the same destination. 

The harbor statistics for 1869 show $15,869 col- 
lected for harbor dues, and the registered tonnage 



L. P. FISHES, Advertising Agent, Kooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange* San Francisco, California. 



48 



P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[Cal. 



of sailing vessels 46.690 tons. There are twenty-five 
barges engaged in the wood and lumber trade, and 
from twelve to fifteen in the grain trade. The 
quantity of wood brought to the city during the 
past year is estimated at about fifty thousand cords. 

The debt of the county is $586,600, of which up- 
wards of $100,000 was incurred the present year by 
the issue of bonds to build a new hospital and to re- 
pair the Court House. The debt now stands : Out- 
standing bonds of 1859, $375, J 00 ; Railroad bonds, 
$-<l,500 ; Hospital bonds, $80,001); Court House and 
Jail bonds, $50,000. The County bonds are readily 
bought by the leading banks at a very small dis- 
count, showing the county finances to be in a 
healthy condition. 

Among the leading industries of the city are four 
flour mills, several carriage factories, an extensive 
tobacco-packing establishment, the Capitol Woolen 
Mills, the Sacramento Valley Beet Sugar Com- 
pany, besides a large nuuiuer of enterprises of 
minor importance. The Orleans Hills Vinicul- 
tural Association has its headquarters in Sacra- 
mento. The products of the couuty are chiefly 
agricultural, although the mines are still worked 
to some extent. 

The city of Sacramento is lighted with gas of ex- 
cellent quality, but the water supply is very in- 
different. The trustees of the water company are 
deliberating the adoption of new works, as some- 
thing must be done to remove the existing dissatis- 
faction. The water now used is elevated from the 
river by two pumps, capable of lifting 90,000 gal- 
lons ot water per hour, and they are taxed 'to the 
utmost to supply the daily requirements of more 
than 1,000,000 gallons. 

Within the patt year a new railroad and toll 
bridge, crossing the Sacramento river, has been 
erected near the site of the old structure, at a cost 
of about one hundred thousand dollars, and the 
trains of the California Pacific Railroad Company 
now pass over it regularly. It is six hundred feet 



in length, and one of the finest structures of the 
bind in the State. 

Among the noticeable buildings in the city are the 
car shops, hospital, etc., of the Central Pacific Rail- 
road Company. The shops are built of brick, on 
made ground, over what was once known as Sut- 
ter Lake, and are two stories high, 250 feet long 
and 90 in width. Here are manufactured all kinds 
of cars, from the common freight or box-car to the 
fine-finished passenger and sleeping car. The 
"round house" is semi-circular, with room for 
about forty locomotives. The hospital building, at 
Thirteenth and C streets, is a magnificent structure, 
where all who are injured or disabled, while in the 
employ of the company, are cared for, and pro- 
vided with the best medical and surgical aid. It 
cost nearly $80,000. The company employs at the 
works in Sacramento about 1,000 men, exclusive of 
track hands and laborers. 

Six newspapers are published at Sacramento. 
Four of them are dailies ; one is a German semi- 
weekly, and one a weekly temperance organ. Most 
of the daily papers publish weekly editions, and 
one of them a semi weekly. The Sacramento Union, 
(daily and weekly) is a newspaper of which Cali- 
fornians are justly proud. 

The completion of the Central Pacific Railroad 
led to a revival in all branches of business, and the 
future of Sacramento is bright with promise. Real 
estate has advanced to a high figure. A street rail- 
road through the entire length of the city will be in 
operation by September, and branches in all direc- 
tions are talked o£ She has streets graded ten feet 
above the old level; tine levees, palatial homes, 
good schools, extensive libraries, and flourishing 
churches. What a contrast to the Sacramento of 
live years ago ! 

The County of Sacramento covers an area of 
nearly 700,000 acres, which, with the exception of 
some rolling hills on its eastern border, is almost 
entirely level. Bordering the Sacramento river is a 



L. P. FISHES, Advertising Agent, Eooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUID 



49 



strip of tule land, varying in width from a> few rods 
to fifteen miles. On each side of the tule marsh is 
a strip of rich soil several miles in width. The low 
hills on the east have a dryer soil, which produces 
good crops of grain, excepting in unusually dry sea- 
sons. Scattered oaks grow on the hills, while on 
the low land near the river, not covered by tule, 
the sycamore and cotton wood flourish. There is 
comparatively little good timber in the county. The 
American river crosses the northern end of the 
county, and the Cosumnes the center, both streams 
running in a southwesterly direction. The Co- 
sumnes and Dry Creek, on the southern boundary of 
the county, empty into the Sacramento, after wind- 
ing through a broad expanse of tule marsh. In 
fact, the whole southern portion of Sacramento 
County consists of low marshy land, lakes, sloughs, 
creeks, and islands, forming a perfect net-work of 
land and water. Mining is carried on to a consider- 
able extent in the vicinity of the upper Sacramento 
and Cosumnes, in the northeastern part of the 
county. In 1868 there were in the county 1,598,000 
grape vines, yielding 65,86-1 gallons of wine and 
3,214 gallons brandy. The same year the wheat 
product was 124,625 bushels ; barley, 304.639 ; 
and oats, 32,444 bushels. In 1869 the assessable 
property was $10,574,364, and the amount paid into 
the State Treasury was $116,111.71. At the Pres- 
idential election of 1868 Grant received 3,193, and 
Seymour, 2,216 votes. 



SALINAS. 

Salinas City was laid out as late as April, 1868, on 
the site of the old " Half- Way House," on the road 
from San Juan to Monterey, the county seat, and it 
already claims to be the largest town in Monterey 
County. It is situated in the heart of Salinas Val- 
ley, one of the most fertile and extensive agricul- 



5* 



tural tracts in the State of California, at a distance 
of about one hundred and ten miles south of San 
Francisco, and is connected with that city by stage 
and rail via Gilroy. It has daily communication with 
Monterey, and with Los Angeles and other southern 
counties. The climate is healthy, wood for fuel is 
abundant within three miles of the city, and excellent 
water is obtained from artesian wells at a depth of 
ninety feet. At the last general election the num- 
ber of enrolled voters was 728. The town consists 
of three hundred houses, three hotels, two restau- 
rants, two drug stores, two stationery and variety 
stores, eight general merchandise stores, one hard- 
ware establishment, one bakery, two markets, six- 
teen saloons, four blacksmith shops, four carpenter 
shops, one bricklayer, three wagon manufactories, 
three shoemaker shops, one tailor shop, one millin- 
ery establishment, one gunsmith, two tin shops, two 
stove stores, one painter shop, two barber shops, one 
watchmaker and jeweler store, one saddle and har- 
ness shop, three livery stables, one undertaker's 
establishment, one flour mill, one broom factory, 
one lumber yard, and one printing office, issuing a 
weekly newspaper. Four physicians, three law 7 yers, 
one notary and a surveyor are established in the 
city, and the Masons, Odd Fellows and Good Tem- 
plars have flourishing lodges. The Methodists and 
Presbyterians hold regular Sabbath services, and 
two Sabbath schools and three subscription day 
schools are well attended and supported. 

Salinas Valley contains about 550,000 acres of the 
finest^ arable lauds in the State, from which immense 
crops have been obtained. It is said that as high as 
one hundred and forty bushels of bailey to the acre 
was harvested off a field in this valley. The land 
is now leased in large tracts to dairymen for a term 
of years, and the expiration of these leases will be 
followed by a division of the ranches into farms to 
the advantage of all concerned. The produce of 
the district is shipped by schooners and steamers at 
the mouth of Salinas River, twelve miles from 



L, P, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



50 



L. P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



[Cal. 



Salinas City. A railroad is projected from Salinas 
to the harbor of Monterey, a distance of twenty 
miles, and another to Gilroy, which will complete 
the connection of the town with the Metropolis. 



SAN BERNARDINO. 

This town, the county seat of San Bernardino 
County, contains over one thousand inhabitants, and 
is the only place of impoitance in the county. It 
was laid out by the Mormons in 1847, on a plan sim- 
ilar to Salt Lake City, with wide streets and blocks 
containing five acres each, sufficient to allow to each 
homestead a large garden, a pasture, and an orchard 
or grain field ; but in the business part of the town, 
which is of brick, the blocks have been subdivided 
into lots of ordinary dimensions. It is a place of 
considerable trade, being the point of supply for a 
wide range of country, including part of Arizona 
Territory, where most of the surplus products of San 
Bernardino County find a market. The imports 
come chiefly from San Francisco by sea, three hun- 
dred and sixty -four miles to the port of San Pedro, 
which is ninety miles from the town of San Ber- 
nardino. 

This county embraces a larger area than the 
States of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island 
and Delaware combined. One half of it consists of 
inaccessible mountains aud desert plains, but the 
remainder is well adapted for agriculture and stock 
raising. Thousands of acres have recently been 
fertilized by the successful sinking of artesian 
wells. Some of the valley soil is very rich, pro- 
ducing abundant crops of grain, fruits and vegeta- 
bles, and there is an immense store of timber in 
great variety and of excellent quality in the moun- 
tains. Most of the streams, which are numerous in 
the wet season, fail during Summer. 

On the Santa Ana River, near San Bernardino 
city, there are large beds of marble and alabaster. 



There are mines of gold, silver, tin and iron in the 
county, hut as they are difficult, of access, little has 
been done towards their development. A rich vein 
of cinnabar, three hundred feet in width, was dis- 
covered in July, 1870, six miles from San Bernar- 
dino, and a company is engaged in getting out the ore. 
The roads of San Bernardino County are not 
good, the schools are poor, and not one-half of the 
children are in regular attendance. The population 
is between five and six thousand. The grain crop 
of 1868 was 45,000 bushels of wheat and 150,000 
bushels of barley, and the number of grape vines 
under cultivation was 425,000, returning a product 
of 74,000 gallons of wine and 10,500 gallons of 
brandy. The celebrated Cucamongo Vineyard is in 
San Bernardino near its western border. The 
assessed value of real and personal property in 1869 
was $624,983, and the amount of taxes paid $6,976.89 
At the Presidential election, Grant received 263 
votes, and Seymour 378 votes. 



SAN DIEGO. 

San Diego is the county seat of San Diego County, 
and the oldest tovn in California, (beiny founded in 
1769 by the Spanish Missionaries). It is about five 
hundred miles south of San Francisco, near the 
southern exti'emity of the State — the dividing line 
between Upper and Lower California being only 
fourteen miles distant. 

San Diego is the only point between San Francisco 
and Acapulco, whose position, extensive bay and 
safe and commodious harbor, suggests the pos- 
sibility of a great commercial city. The harbor is 
twelve miles long, from one to two miles wide, and 
has never less than thirty feet of water, with a sandy- 
clay bottom, affording excellent holding ground for 
anchorage. Next to San Francisco Bay, it is the 
best harbor on the Pacific Coast. 



L. P, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal] 



L. P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



51 



There are now really two towns — " Old Town " 
and "New Town," three miles apart, but both are 
included in the municipal jurisdiction of San Diego. 
The old town is situated near the mouth of San 
Diego river, and near the bay. The new town, 
which is the present center of business, was laid out 
about two years ago, as " Horton's Addition," and 
advanced with rapid strides to its present propor- 
tions of more than 800 buildings, and 3000 inhabi- 
tants. There are two wharves, where steam- 
ers arrive from San Francisco every four days 
and discharge their freight. There are two church 
buildings, six schools, a public hall, express office, 
fourteen hotels, twelve large mercantile houses, and 
many retail stores and saloons, one theatre, a 
mammoth hotel on a San Francisco scale, 
a first-class flouring mill with a capacity of 300 
barrels a day, a banking house, and Lodges of 
Masons, Odd Fellows and Templars in flour- 
ishing condition. There are two printing offices 
and two weekly papers. A magnificent Court 
House is soon to be erected, Gas and Water 
Companies recently incorporated, are preparing 
to commence operations, and initial steps have 
heen taken to found a public Library. Old San 
Diego has a population of perhaps one thousand. 
The County Buildings are located there, and several 
mercantile houses carry on a profitable business with 
the farmers of the interior. There are two good 
hotels, well supported, and there is no lack of faith 
in its future importance, as the deepest water is off 
"La Playa," on the peninsula which divides the 
true harbor from the ocean and the false bay, and at 
the base of which the town is situated. But when- 
ever San Diego attains the position and commercial 
importance which so many predict, upon the comple- 
t'on of the Southern Pacific Railroad, all the available 
water frontage will be brought into use, and there 
will be no distinction between Old and New Town. 

San Diego derives its chief importance from its 
magnificent harbor, which is sufficiently capacious 



to float the navies of the world, and is completely 
sheltered from the most violent gales. The entrance 
is easy, and practicable at all times. This splendid 
harbor makes San Diego the only practicable ter- 
minus for the Southern Pacific Railroad by the 
thirty-second parallel route. Here, too, the pro- 
ducts of all Southern California will be brought by 
the projected Coast Line Railway, to be distributed 
to all parts of the world; and also of Lower Cali- 
fornia, when that country shall feel the stimulus of 
American energy and enterprise. 

The whaling business is" successfully carried on 
off the entrance to the bay, and trying- works have 
for many years been located at Ballast Point, just 
within the harbor. 

A line of stages run daily to Los Angeles, and 
the wagon road to Fort Yuma, just completed 
will be of great advantage to San Diego, as it will 
undoubtedly secure the trade of Southern Arizona, 
and eventually that of New Mexico and the State 
of Sonora, it being the cheapest, shortest, and most 
practicable route for the transportation of merchan- 
dise to the people of those sections. 

The climate of San Diego is, without question, 
the finest in the world, and the temperature the 
most equable, the thermometer never ranging below 
forty degrees in winter, nor above eighty degrees 
in the hottest months of summer. The following 
table, prepared by W. S. King, Asst Surveyor U. S. 
A., shows the average temperature for several years : 

MONTH. SUNRISE. 9 A..M. 3 P.M. 9 1\M. 

January 45 55 64 50 

Februarv 41 56 64 48 

March..' 40 60 69 54 

April 53 66 73 57 

May 56 65 71 60 

June 61 70 77 64 

July 66 74 86 67 

August 65 75 81 69 

September 61 75 82 67 

Ortober 59 74 79 62 

November 49 67 69 57 

December 47 57 62 54 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



52 



L . P. FISHERS ADVERTISER 



[Cal. 



The following table of observations by thermom- 
eter in the shade at 7 a.m., 12 m., and 6 p.m., for 
the month of June, 1869, is claimed as the most per- 
fect exhibition of an even temperature to be found 
in that month anywhere in the north temperate zone : 



DATE. 7 


A.M. 


12 M. 


6 P.M. 


DATE. 7 


A.M. 


12 m. 


6 P.M 


1st 


63 


69 


62 


16th 


61 


68 


64 


2d 


63 


M 


63 


17th 


61 


6S 


65 


3d 


60 


68 


64 


18th 


65 


68 


66 


4th 


58 


65 


62 


19th 


65 


72 


65 


5th 


62 


67 


65 


20th 


6-2 


67 


66 


6th 


60 


66 


63 


21st 


62 


68 


66 


7th 


60 


67 


64 


22d 


64 


68 


66 


8th 


63 


68 


64 


23d 


63 


67 


66 


9th 


62 


67 


65 


24th 


67 


68 


66 


10th 


64 


69 


66 


25th 


64 


69 


63 


11th 


63 


70 


66 


26th 


63 


68 


65 


12th 


61 


69 


65 


27th 


62 


69 


66 


13th 


63 


68 


66 


28th 


63 


70 


67 


14th 


64 


69 


65 


29th 


65 


70 


68 


loth 


61 


67 


65 


30th 


66 


70 


67 



The rich, fertile valleys of the country produce 
the finest wheat, oats, barley, and corn, while the 
mesa, or low rolling hill lands, till recently regard- 
ed as valueless, prove on experiment to be even 
more desirable than the black ground of the valleys. 
The reddish soil pulverizes under the plough to the 
fineness of meal, and its capacity to retain moisture 
is so extraordinary that while everything is wither- 
ing in the valleys, the crops on the hills maintain 
their color and luxuriance. 

Every variety of fruit and vegetable known to the 
tropical or temperate zone is produced in abundance. 
Grapes, oranges, lemons, citrons, figs, olives, 
almonds, etc., are especially thrifty, and will, in a 
short time, be extensively cultivated. Successful 
experiments have also been made in the cultivation 
of cotton and sugar cane. The mountains are well 
timbered, and furnish a never failing supply of 
grasses. 

A new source of prosperity has recently been re- 
vealed in the discovery of gold-bearing quartz in 
the mountains near the head of the San Diego River. 
The ledges are extensive and rich, and can be 



worked cheaply and to great protit. A mining dis- 
trict has been organized under the name of the 
Julian District. There are two quartz mills in ac- 
tive operation, and several more iu course of erec- 
tion. Julian City is a town of 600 inhabitants. The 
District has a population of over 1000. Rich veins 
of tin ore, also, have recently been discovered there. 
The vote of 1868 stood 129 for Grant, and 235 for 
Seymour ; the vote has probably more than quad- 
rupled since then. Amount of tax paid into the 
State treasury iu 1869, $5,081.18. 



SAN FRANCISCO. 

San Francisco Bay was accidentally discovered in 
1769, by Jesuit Missionaries, under Father Junipero, 
who located at the Presidio, now occupied by Gov- 
ernment as a military post. The Mission was estab- 
lished two miles further south, on a small, fertile, 
well-watered plain, in 1776. A portion of the old Mis- 
sion (Dolores) still remains ; the old adobe building 
has, however, been divested of much of its primitive 
appearance by modern repairs. This Mission pos- 
sessed, in 1825, about seventy-six thousand head of 
of cattle, nine hundred and twenty domesticated 
horses, over two thousand horses running wild, 
eight hundred and twenty mules, 79,000 sheep, two 
thousand swine, four hundred and fifty-six yoke 
of work oxen, 180,000 bushels of w T heat and barley, 
$35,000 worth of merchandise, and $25,000 in spe- 
cie. All this wealth was subsequently confiscated 
by the Mexican Government officials, or destroyed 
by the ravages of civil war. 

The Golden Gate, the entrance to the Bay of San 
Francisco, is a strait running nearly northeast, 
about five miles long and two miles average breadth. 
The name was given long before the discovery 
of gold, and was prophetic of the future wealth of 
the land. The depth at low water is sufficient to 
admit the passage of the largest vessels afloat. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 
Cal.] l. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. 53 



Few harbors in the world have an entrance as safe 
and easy. The great Bay lies at nearly right angles 
with the entrance, and extends from north to south 
about 75 miles, averaging 12 miles in breadth, the 
principal rivers of California emptying into it. 

San Francisco is situated upon a peninsula formed 
by the Bay upon one side, and the ocean upon the 
other. The Spanish village of Yerba Buena, which 
name it bore up to 18-17, stood on the site of the pres- 
ent city. The first survey of the town was made 
in 1839, and included the ground between Pacific 
street on the north, Sacramento street on the south, 
Dupont street on the west, and Montgomery street 
on the east. At the time of the discovery of gold in 
1848, the population numbered over 1 ,000 inhabitants, 
and the buildings over two hundred. 

The first sale of water lots, forty-six by one hun- 
dred and thirty-nine feet, took place July 20th, 1847, 
and comprised the mud flats below Montgomery 
street, and sold for from fifty to one hundred dol- 
lars per lot. Fifty-vara lots were sold in the same 
year for twelve dollars per lot. In 1853, at another 
sale of water lots twenty-five by fifty-nine feet 
seven inches, they brought from $8,000 to $lfi,()00 
each. Four small blocks w T ere sold for $1,200,000. 

San Francisco has been six times almost entirely 
destroyed by lire. The first great fire occurred Dec. 
24th, 1849, destroying over a million dollars worth 
of property ; the second, on May 4th, 1850, destroy- 
ing three entire blocks, valued at a million dollars ; 
tbe third, June 14th, 1850, destroying over five 
million dollars worth of property ; the fourth, Sep- 
tember 17th, 1850, destroying $500,000 worth of 
property; the fifth, May 4th, 1851, destroying 1,500 
buildings, eighteen entire squares, and parts of six 
others ; total loss estimated at over twelve million 
dollars. The reflection of this great fire was seen at 
Monterey, nearly one hundred miles distant. The 
sixth great fire occurred January 22d, 1852, con- 
suming ten entire squares, and parts of six others, 
destroying three million dollars of property. 



The first daily newspaper, the Alta California 
was issued on the twenty-second of January, 1850. 

The present nnrnber of its inhabitants is estimated 
at 160,000, and the assessed value of its real and 
p°rsonal property at over $100,000,000, the real value 
being much greater. It is now the metropolis of 
the Pacific Coast, and one of the leading commercial 
cities of tbe United Slates. 

The value of the domestic produce exported 
during the half year ending June 30th, 1870, 
amounted to $5,896,130 ; exports of treasure, 
$21,935,076.34; merchandise exports, $6,898,071. 
Vessels inward bound for the last half year num- 
bered 1,549, having an aggregate tonnage of 515,- 
527 tons ; vessels outward bound numbered 1,578, 
representing a tonnage of 507,372. The number of 
sales of real estate amounted to 2,384, valued at 
$8,749,745. 

On the 30th June, 1870, the reports of six months' 
business of the ten Savings Banks of San Fran- 
cisco showed deposits amounting to $29,842,112.00, 
belonging to 37,137 depositors. The interest paid to 
depositors during three years ending June 30th, 
amounted to nearly $6,500,000. 

The city has over fifty miles of sewerage, and over 
one hundred miles of public streets. The streets, 
grading and sewerage, etc., cost since 1856, $8,512,- 
088 — one million of which was expended during last 
year. 

The great sea wall, or water front, is about one- 
third completed, and will cost millions of dollars. 
Its front has a depth of twenty feet of water at low 
tide. The top of the embankment or bulkhead is 
covered with three-inch plank, and wharves are 
built out to the water front. The receipts from 
these wharves, for 1869, amounted to $552,912. Blos- 
som Rock, almost the only obstruction to navigation 
in the harbor, was successfully removed the present 
year, at a cost of $75,000. 

San Francisco offers facilities equal to any other 
port for shipping. The extensive works of the Dry 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



54 



L. p. fisher's advertisers' guide 



[Oal. 



Dock Company, occupying- an area of over twenty- 
seven acres, at Hunter's Point, are a credit to the 
city and to the coast. A stone dry-dock four hundred 
and fifty feet in length, one hundred and twenty feet 
in width at top, thirty feet deep, and ninety feet wide 
at entrance, has already been constructed, and is ca- 
pable of receiving the largest vessels. This Com- 
pany also owns a floating dock, two hundred and ten 
feet long and eighty-two feet wide. 

Among the leading manufacturing establishments 
of San Francisco, are the San Francisco Rolling 
Mills, the only establishment of the kind west of 
the Rocky Mountains; one Lead Smelting Workti ; 
one Gold and Silver Refinery ; about twenty foun- 
dries, employing 1,500 men ; several brass foun- 
dries, employing about one hundred and sixty 
men ; gas works ; two glass works, employing one 
hundred and twenty men ; shot tower ; linseed oil 
works , woolen mills, candle factories ; glove fac- 
tory ; chemical and acid factories ; match factories ; 
wire rope works ; several type foundries ; rope 
walk ; four sugar refineries ; steam marble works ; 
ninety-six cigar manufactories, employing 2,000 per- 
sons, etc., etc. A United States Branch Mint is 
located at San Francisco. 

There are sixty-eight papers and periodicals pub- 
lished in the city, viz : Eight daily newspapers, three 
tri-weeklies, two semi-weekly, forty-two weeklies, 
and thirteen monthly magazines and periodicals, in- 
cluding the Overland Monthly, which ranks as a 
first-class magazine wherever the English language 
is spoken. 

There are forty-one public schools, with an average 
attendance of 13,113 scholars. The buildings are 
large and commodious. The expenditure for 18G9 was 
$400,842. The number of children in the city be- 
tween five and fifteen years of age, amounts to 
25,785 boys, and 13.070 girls. Among the private 
educational institutions are the City College, estab- 
ushed in 1859, accommodating two hundred stu- 
dents ; the St. Ignatius Catholic College, estab- 



lished in 1858 ; the St. Mary's Catholic College, 
four and a half miles distant from the city on the 
San Jose Road, two hundred and eighty feet front 
by fifty feet deep, and three stories high ; the Uni- 
versity of the Pacific, with dispensary attached, and 
Toland Medical Colleges, present facilities for a 
thorough medical course. The California Business 
University, established in 1864, and the California 
Business College, both give a thorough, practical 
business education. 

There are also many other private schools, teach- 
ing the common and higher branches, as well as the 
languages. 

The city sustains several excellent public libra- 
ries. The Mercantile Library Association, organ- 
ized in 1853, possesses a fine building and lecture 
room, and 27,000 volumes ; Odd Fellows' Lib- 
rary Association, at Odd Fellows' Hall, has 18,000 
volumes ; Mechanics' Institute has a fine building 
and lecture room, and 15,000 volumes ; What Cheer 
Library, at the What Cheer House, has 7,000 vol- 
umes ; Young Men's Christian Association, has a 
fine building and lecture room, and 2,500 volumes. 
There are also many smaller libraries at public 
places. 

There are no less than seventy-five benevolent 
and benefit associations. The temperance organiza- 
tions are fourteen, and there are twelve literary and 
historical societies. There are seventy church edi- 
fices, a Chinese mission chapel, and four Jewish 
synagogues. Eighteen thousand children attend 
seventy-six Sabbath schools, without reckoning the 
fifteen Chinese Sabbath schools, having an average 
attendance of sixteen hundred men and boys. 

There are thirty-two military companies, sixteen 
railroad companies, ten lines of ocean steamships, 
and thirteen lines of steamboats. There is a paid 
Fire Department, which is not excelled in the world. 
Connected with the Department are sixty water 
cisterns, possessing a total capacity of 2,308,697 gal- 
lons, six hundred and thirty-three hydrants, and a 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Kooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE, 



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fire alarm telegraph, consisting of fifty miles of 
wire, running throughout the city. 

The German, French, and Italian citizens have each 
a fine hospital ; and a large hospital building has 
been constructed by the Sisters of Mercy. There are 
also the State Woman's Hospital, the Sau Francisco 
Woman's Hospital, the Foundling and Lying-in 
Asylum, the City and County Hospital, the Marine 
Hospital, the Small-Pox Hospital, and a large Alms- 
house, now under construction, which has already 
cost $120,000. The San Francisco Protestant Or- 
phan Asylum, a fine stone structure near the Mis- 
sion, was established in 1851, with eight orphan 
children. They now number hundreds. The Cath- 
olic Orphan Asylum was organized in 1852, and 
contains a large number of children. Their new 
building, situated on Mount St. Joseph, will accom- 
modate 600 children ; the total cost after comple- 
tion is estimated at $300,000. 

There are lour respectable theatres. The Cali- 
fornia, lately built, is devoted to the legitimate 
drama, and is the largest and most elegantly furnished 
on the coast. The Alhambra, Metropolitan and the 
Opera House, the leading places of amusement in 
the city, are now devoted to burlesque, minstrel 
performances, etc. The Mechanics' Pavilion, built 
for the fairs of the Mechanics' Institute, is the larg- 
est building in the city, covering an entire block. 
It will be removed next year. 

San Francisco has a large number of hotels, six of 
which are first-class. The " La Grande," the largest 
on the coast, is just completed, at a cost of over 
$1,000,000. Among the most important buildings 
now under construction, is the United States Branch 
Mint, which will cost over a million dollars. 

The city possesses eight cemeteries. The Mission 
(no longer used), established in 1776 ; Laurel Hill, 
(late Lone Mountain), in 1854; Calvary, in 1860; 
Masonic, 1864 ; Odd Fellows, 1865 ; Nevai Shalome, 
1865 ; Gibboth Olom, in 1865, and the San Francisco 
Cemetery Association, in 1867. 



One hundred and five miles of water pipe have 
been laid down within the city limits. 

Ocean steamers run regularly to Santa Cruz, San 
Luis Obispo, San Diego, Santa Barbara, Mazatlan ) 
Guaymas. La Paz, Portland, Oregon ; Victoria, V. 
I.; Honolulu, China, Japan, and to Australia, via the 
Sandwich Islands. Regular ferryboats cross the Bay 
to Saucelito, Petalnma, San Qnentin, Oakland, Ala- 
meda, Watson's Ferry, Sacramento, and other places. 

It is a beautiful drive over a good road to the Cliff 
House at Seal Rocks, at the mouth of the Golden 
Gate, six miles from the city. Street railroads are 
very numerous, running in every direction. A great 
deficiency exists in public parks and promenades. 
The . two public gardens, and "The Recreation 
Grounds" are favorite places of resort. 

The city is rapidly extending in a southwesterly 
direction, toward the Mission Hilis. Costlyand ele- 
gant residences of every description are being 
constantly erected, and a variety of extensive im- 
provements are continually being made. Among 
the projected improvements are the extension of 
Montgomery street, north and south, entailing the 
outlay of several millions of dollars. 

The county of San Francisco is on the northern 
end of the peninsula, and its entire area embraces 
only 26,861 acres, including 1,500 acres at the Pre- 
sidio, which belongs to the United States. The 
whole county is included in the municipality. It is 
composed of eandy knolls and high hills, separated 
by small valleys. The soil, although sandy, is in 
many places good, and much of the gardening for 
the San Francisco vegetable market is done within 
the city limits. 



SAN JOSE. 

In population the fourth city in the State, San 
Jose is thought by many to be the first in beauty 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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and general attractiveness.- It was already a thriv- 
ing place on the acquisition of California by the 
United States, and its population now numbers over 
10,000. It is the county seat of Santa Clara County, 
and the great valley of which it is the commercial 
center has an area of more than one thousand square 
miles, nearly every portion of which is productive. 
The fertility, salubrity and beauty of the great 
Santa Clara Valley attracted the attention of the first 
exploring party sent out by the Catholic mission- 
aries, and a Mission was founded at Santa Clara in 
1777. In 1792, the Pueblo of San Jose, three miles 
distant, was established as a stock rancho and the 
military post for the Mission, with a grant of land 
covering many leagues, the sale of which hae en- 
abled the city to provide liberally for the public school 
fund, and saved the citizens from a load of taxa- 
tion. The settlement of the land titles, with but 
few exceptions, and other fortunate circumstances 
have contributed to the prosperity of th s flourish- 
ing city. It has never been swept by lire, never 
greatly injured by flood, and has had no " set back " 
of consequence, except the removal of the State 
Capital, and the injury inflicted by fraudulent land 
claims. Two streams of small size, the Los Gatos 
and Guadalupe, run through the city, and another, 
the Cayote, skirts its border. These all empty into 
the Bay of San Francisco, eight miles from San 
Jose. The city stands on an elevated plain, with 
barely sufficient fall for drainage. The streets are 
macadamized, wide, straight and generally in good 
condition, and many of them are ornamented with 
rows of trees on either side. Over twenty-three 
miles of streets have been graded and graveled the 
last three years. There are some splendid blocks of 
buildings, and many beautiful private residences. 
The principal hotel cost $150,000, and several of the 
second class hotels are line structures. A handsome 
theatre, with seats for fifteen hundred persons, has 
just been completed. The most notable building in 
San Jose, and the finest building of the kind in the 



State, is the Court House, which cost $180,000. Its 
lofty dome affords a birdseye view of wide extent 
and surpassing beauty, and is much frequented by 
visitors. The valley, sixty miles in length, is at 
this point eighteen miles in width, and is dotted 
from mountain to mountain with farm houses and 
orchards, gardens, cultivated fields, vineyards, and 
here and there a village embowered in trees. 
It is a scene never to be forgotten. 

With the large school fund derived from the sale 
of Pueblo lands, the Board of Education has 
erected fine school buildings, and maintained ex- 
cellent schools. There are also several superior 
private schools. The San Jose Institute, under its 
uew management is, of its kind, a first class educa- 
tional institution. The Convent of Notre Dame, 
for young ladies, is celebrated throughout the State. 
The various convent buildings were erected at a 
cost of over $500,000. The State Normal School 
Building, now in course of construction, will be a 
beautiful edifice, with a frontage of one hundred and 
seventy-two feet. The new building of the Univer- 
sity of the Pacific, an institution under the control of 
the Methodist Church, is situated between San Jose 
and Santa Clara, and will be an additional ornament 
to the beautiful avenue known as "The Alameda." 
Horse cars, running between the two towns, pass 
the site every fifteen minutes. The avenue is three 
miles in length, and lined with a double row of wil- 
lows, planted by the missionaries seventy years ago. 

San Jose has eleven church edifices, and two or 
three religious societies hold meetings in public halls 
and school houses. There are societies of Masons, 
Odd Fellows, Sons of Temperance, Good Templars, 
three benevolent societies, two daily and three 
weekly newspapers, three banks, forty-one lawyers, 
thirty-two physicians, etc. There are four brewer- 
ies and over fifty liquor saloons. Dry goods and 
grocery stores, wholesale and retail, are in full sup- 
ply. Several dealers keep stocks averaging over 
one hundred thousand dollars. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



57 



A large amount of capital is invested in manufactur- 
ing, the latest enterprise of importance being the 
San Jos6 Woolen Mills, with a capital of several 
hundred thousand dollars. The blankets put upon the 
market by this company are of a superior quality. 
There are three flouring mills in the city, one starch 
factory, two extensive foundries, three tanneries, 
one manufactory of iron doors, railings, etc., three 
planing mills, sash and blind factories, two distiller- 
ies, and several carriage manufactories, besides nu- 
merous less important establishments. 

The city is lighted with gas, and supplied with 
water from a mountain stream several miles distant. 
There are also many artesian wells, yielding water 
of an excellent quality. Only a few are "flowing 
wells," the water being obtained in most cases by 
pumping. 

San Jose is fifty miles in a southerly direction 
from San Francisco, with which it is connected by 
two railroads, one through Alameda County, to 
Oakland : and the other along the peninsula to San 
Francisco direct. There is also railroad communi- 
cation with Gilroy on the south, and Stockton and 
Sacrameuto on the north and east. Daity stages 
leave for Santa Cruz, Almaden, and other points 
distant from the railroad routes. Much freight is 
hauled eight miles to Alviso, and shipped by 
schooner to San Francisco. A company has been 
formed, with stockholders all citizens of Santa Clara 
Valley, for the construction of a railroad from San 
Jose to Alviso, via Santa Clara, to connect with 
steamers for San Francisco. No foreign capital has 
been solicited, as the aid proffered by the people is 
sufficient to insure the speedy construction of the 
road. 

In the vicinity of San Jose are several places of 
resort for tourists and summer visitors, among 
which are the medicinal springs of Gilroy and Sara- 
toga, and the quicksilver mines at New Almaden. 

The County of Santa Clara is a very rich agricul- 
tural region of large extent and great fertility. It 



embraces over seven hundred thousand acres, one- 
half of it valley land, aud the balance of it low, 
grassy hills and heavily timbered mountains. The 
population is estimated at 30,000. The assessed 
value of property in 1869, real and personal, was 
$11,765,177, exceeding that of any other county in 
the State, San Francisco excepted. The amount 
of tax paid into the State Treasury was $108,115.03. 
The whole number of votes cast in 1868, was 4,637, 
of which Grant received 2,307, and Seymour 2,330- 



SAN JUAN. 

San Juan, Monterey County, (sometimes called 
San Juan South, to distinguish it from San Juan in 
Nevada County) is a village of five hundred in- 
habitants, one-half of whom are Spanish. It is an 
old town, of little trade, aud not very attractive in 
appearance ; about twelve miles south of Gilroy 
and thirty miles east from Santa Cruz. Stages con- 
nect with Monterey daily and with Santa Cruz tri- 
weekly. It is also on the route of the coast line of 
stages to Los Angeles. There are in the place four 
hotels, a half a dozen stores, and numerous drinking 
saloons, a public school, and one newspaper. The 
principal buildings in the town are the old Mission 
church, and the convent, a modern building, con- 
structed of brick. The climate is good, and the 
neighboring valleys of San Juan and Benito are 
exceedingly fertile, aud capable of sustaining a 
large population. This region is separated from the 
balance of Monterey County by the San Juan 
Mountains, but a fine graded road has been con- 
structed, which greatly facilitates travel. 



SAN LEANDRO. 

This flourishing town, the county seat of Alameda 
County, is situated on San Leandro Creek, seven 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Booms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange , San Francisco, California. 
58 L . ] 



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miles south of Oakland, and is a railroad station on 
the Central Pacific and Alameda Railroads. It con- 
tains three hotels, about a dozen stores, extensive 
shops for the manufacture of agricultural imple- 
ments, a court house and jail, and several fine 
churches. It is located on the edge of an extensive 
and fertile plain, and is surrounded by well culti- 
vated farms, orchards and gardens. The popula- 
tion is about eight hundred, and increasing rapidly. 
Alameda County has an area of of eight hundred 
square miles, and is one of the most prosperous dis- 
tricts in the State. The Central Pacific Railroad 
traverses its entire length, and the San Francisco 
and Alameda Railroad furnishes cheap transporta- 
tion from Hay wards to the bay. There are also 
several convenient shipping points in the county on 
the Bay of San Francisco. The climate is genial 
and equal to that of any part of California. The 
soil of the uplands is an exceedingly rich, black 
sandy loam, from six to fifteen feet deep ; on the 
foothills the soil is lighter in color, and gravelly, 
but everywhere very fertile. The fruit crop is 
very large, especially of small fruits, such as straw- 
berries, raspberries and blackberries. Cherries 
have been gathered in this county three inches in 
circumference ; strawberries weighing one and 
three-quarter ounces, pears of three and a half 
pounds, carrots weighing thirty pounds each, and 
the beet root has attained aweight of two hund- 
red pounds. A company with a capital of $250,- 
000 has erected a factory at Alvarado for the manu- 
facture of beet root sugar, and machinery has been 
imported to the value of $100,000. Much of their 
capital will be invested in lands. The company 
has contracted for the crop of four hundred acres 
of land planted with beets, of which they will re- 
quire a supply of fifty tons daily. The work will 
commence in September, and the beets will be taken 
from the ground during the year as they are required 
for use. On the marsh land between the towns of 
San Leandro and Harrisburg, the manufacture of 



salt has been followed for some years, and is in- 
creasing in importance annually. These salt fields 
supplied 6,000 tons of salt last season to San Fran- 
cisco, at an average price of $9 per ton. 

In 1868, the wheat harvest yielded 1,533,182 
bushels, many fields averaging from forty to sixty 
bushels to the acre. The crop of barley was 
692,048 bushels, and of oats 146,765 bushels. The 
same year 176,795 vines produced 27,327 gallons of 
wine. Some attention has lately been given to silk 
culture, and an enterprise is on foot at San Leandro 
for weaving ribbons and other light fabrics of silk. 
The population of Alameda County is about 20,000. 
The assessed value of real and personal property in 
1869 was $10,411,561, and the amount o£ taxes paid 
over to the State, $92,855.48. At the Presidential 
election of 1868, Grant received 1,861 votes, and 
Seymour 1,262. 



SAN LUIS OBISPO. 

San Luis Obispo is the county seat of the county 
of the same name. It is on the route of the coast 
line of stages, one hundred and sixty-four miles 
south of Grilroy and one hundred and one miles 
northwest of Santa Barbara. San Francisco is dis- 
tant two hundred and nine miles by the ocean route. 
The nucleus of the town is an old Mission building 
and Church, founded nearly one hundred years ago, 
and atone time the head quarters of a rich Mission, 
with thousands of Indian converts, and possessing 
immense flocks and herds. The present population 
is about fifteen hundred. It has one Methodist and 
one Roman Catholic Church, the latter being the 
prevailing religion. It has only one school, of two 
departments. The county buildings, now in a very 
dilapidated condition, are to be replaced by new 
edifices at an outlay of $25,000. San Luis Obispo 
has an Odd Fellows Lodge, postoflice, express office, 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Kooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



L. P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS' GUIDE. 



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two printing offices, two newspapers, two ho- 
tels, two restaurants, two billiard saloons, one 
bowling alley, several large stores, two blacksmith 
shops, one tin shop, two clothing stores and two boot 
stores. 

The town is nine miles inland from the Bay of 
San Luis Obispo, where steamers touch. The bay 
affords shelter only from northerly gales. Ten 
miles north of San Luis is Estero Bay, at which 
point a deep lagoon runs inland several miles, afford- 
ing good shelter from all points. There is no road 
connecting this lagoon with the town, but it is pro- 
posed to construct one at an early day. 

The County of San Luis Obispo is mountainous, 
containing not more than three hundred thousand 
acres of good agricultural land. About one million 
acres are adapted for grazing. The climate differs 
materially in different localities. Near the town of 
San Luis it is very windy, and often foggy, the cli- 
mate being similar to that of San Francisco ; but 
that portion of the county north of the Santa Lucia 
mountains is colder in winter and warmer in sum- 
mer than at the county seat. 

The Paso Kobles Hot Sulphur and Hot Mud 
Springs, about thirty miles north of San Luis, on 
the stage road has long been a place of resort for 
invalids, especially those suffering with rheumatic 
and cutaneous diseases. A hotel and several cot- 
tages and bathing houses for the accommodation of 
guests, have been erected. The Springs are located 
on an extensive plain, on the eastern slope of the 
Santa Lucia mountain, 1,200 feet above the level of 
the sea. This plateau is studded with live oak trees, 
free from underbrush, and has a beautiful park-like 
appearance. It is nearly level, and has fine natural 
roads. 

The real and personal estate of the County in 
1869, was valued by the assessor at $1,580,434, and 
$11,294.33 was paid the same year into the State 
Treasury. The wheat crop of 1868 amounted to 
14,701 bushels ; barley, 23,400 bushels ; and the 



grape vines cultivated numbered 35,900. The popu- 
lation of the county is about 6,000. In 1868, 
seven hundred and nineteen votes were cast, three 
hundred and seventy-four being for Grant, and 
three hundred and forty-five for Seymour. 



SAN RAFAEL. 

San Rafael, the county seat of Marin, occupies a 
well-sheltered position in the beautiful valley of the 
same name, at a distance of about three miles east of 
San Queatin and fifteen miles north of San Fran- 
cisco, with which city it is in semi-daily communi- 
cation by means of steamer and railroad. It is 
built upon the former site of the old Jesuitical Mis- 
sion of San Rafael, founded in 1817, and is indebted 
for its origin to the establishment of two trading 
companies there in 1849. At that time the town 
only contained the old adobe Mission Church, since 
converted into a Court House, and three or four 
small adobe dwellings. Its growth continued to be 
very slow, until of late years its delightful climate 
and perfect freedom from dust and fogs make it pe- 
culiarly attractive to San Franciscans, to whom it 
has become a favorite resort for recreation during 
the summer months. It has also become exceed- 
ingly popular as a location for country residences, 
several costly buildings having been erected there 
during the last four or five years, and it bids fair 
to become one of the most pleasant suburban towns 
in the State. Its public institutions and places of 
business are two churches, a Masonic Lodge, a 
public and two private schools, four hotels, seven 
saloons, two restaurants, three markets, two livery 
stables, two variety stores, one paint shop, one lum- 
ber yard, two printing offices and two weekly 
newspapers. The trades and professions are rep- 
resented by three lawyers, two physicians, one 
undertaker, three blacksmiths, one carriage maker, 



L. P. 


FISHER, 


Advertising Agent, 


Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' 


Exchange j 


San Prancisco, 


California. 


60 




L. p. fisher's 


AD VERTISBES' 


GUIDE 




[Cal. 



two boot makers, one tinsmith, one barber, one 
druggist, one tailor, one watchmaker, one cabinet 
maker, one baker, one harness maker, and an ex- 
cellent brass band. The population, numbering at 
present about eight hundred and fifty, is rapidly in- 
creasing, and will undoubtedly increase still more 
rapidly now the San Quentin and San Rafael Rail- 
road has been completed. During the month of 
June, 1870, the number of persons who passed over 
the railroad was 5,000 more than were carried by 
the stages during the same month in 1869. The 
population of the county has nearly doubled within 
two years. 

A magnificent view of the surrounding country 
may be obtained from the summit of Mount Tamal- 
pais, 2,600 feet high,, and about six miles distant 
from San Rafael, where good saddle-horses may 
be obtained by excursionists for the ascent of the 
mountain. 

The assessed value of the taxable property of 
Marin County for 1869, amounted to $2,717,603, and 
the revenue obtained from it during the same year 
amounted to $26,578.32. The area of enclosed land 
in the county amounted to 202,146 acres, 28,656 
acres being under cultivation, 2,740 acres pro- 
ducing a crop of 60,280 bushels of wheat, 998 
acres producing 32.136 bushels of barley, and 
11,160 acres yielding 401,240 bushels of oats. For 
dairy purposes it is considered to be unequaled in 
California, and it contains, probably, the largest 
individual dairy in the world, numbering 2,500 
milch cows. 

The California State Prison is located at San 
Quentin, about three miles from San Rafael. The 
Pacific Powder Works are also located in this 
county, and manufacture an article which is con- 
sidered to be much superior in quality to imported 
powder. 

At the presidential election of 1868, the votes 
cast in favor of Grant numbered 529, and those in 
favor of Seymour, 433. 



SANTA BARBARA. 

This place is the county seat and principal town 
of Santa Barbara County. It is built upon the sea- 
shore, at the southeastern extremity of a gently 
sloping valley fifteen miles in length. At the town, 
the valley is two miles in width, but it gradually 
spreads out to five miles as it extends into the inte- 
rior. Two miles from the beach, stands the old Mis- 
sion, at an elevation of 250 feet above the level of 
the sea. It is now used as a college for boys (The 
College of St Francis). 

The town proper of Santa Barbara contains about 
2,500 inhabitants, about one-half be'ing Mexicans, 
Italians, Spaniards, Frenchmen, and native Califor- 
nians ; and the remainder Americans, representing 
every State in the Union, with a fair sprinkling of 
English and Germans. Several native families, 
distinguished in the early history of the country, re- 
side at Santa Barbara. A daily line of stages, and 
a steamer every four days, connect it with San 
Francisco to the north, and with Los Angeles, 
San Diego, San Bernardino, and Arizona, southerly. 
The distance to San Francisco by land is 345 miles, 
and by water 280. The town contains three col- 
leges — the Franciscan, for boys; the St. Vincent's, 
for girls, (both Roman Catholic) and the Santa Bar- 
bara, (Protestant) for both sexes. In addition, are 
two good public schools, which are well attended. 
The Catholics have a well-furnished adobe church, 
and the Congregationalists, Episcopalians, and 
Methodists, have each a fine brick building. The 
Presbyterians contemplate erecting a church at an 
early day. About one-half the town consists of 
tile-roofed adobe houses, the other half being con- 
structed of wood and brick, which are rapidly 
superseding the primitive building material. There 
are eleven dry good stores, sixteen grocery stores, 
two fruit stores, two hardware stores, two furni- 



L. P. 


FISHER, 


Advertising Agent, Eooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' 


Exchange, 


San Francisco, 


California. 


Cal 


] 


L . P. FISHER 


s advertisers' 


GUIDE 




61 



ture stores, two tin shops, two harness shops, two 
drug stores, two photograph galleries, three shoe- 
maker shops, two wagon manufactories, three 
blacksmith shops, twelve carpenter shops, nine sa- 
loons, two hotels, two boarding houses, three res- 
taurants, two livery stables, four markets, four 
bakeries ; also, six physicians, one dentist, twelve 
lawyers, and two weekly newspapers. 

The scenery of Santa Barbara is very fine. The 
rolling hills west of the town ; the foot hills and 
craggy heights of the Santa Inez range, to the 
northeast ; the islands across the channel ; the pla- 
cid waters of the Pacific ; and the valley of the 
Montecito and Carpenteria, stretching at the base of 
the Coast Range and bordering upon the sea, com- 
bine to form a landscape, which, for loveliness and 
variety, is rarely equaled. 

The principal business of Santa Barbara has been 
stock raising, and large numbers of horses have been 
exported to Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, 
and Texas. Immense herds of cattle cover the 
hills, and many thousands of sheep find pasturage 
on the mountain sides, the total number of sheep 
being not less than 200,000, of which more than 
one-fourth are owned by two firms. 

The principal wealth of Santa Barbara County 
consists in its agricultural and grazing lauds, though 
fruit and nuts are becoming leading articles of ex- 
port. The crop of wheat in 1868 amounted to 20,- 
000 bushels ; of barley, 180,000 bushels ; and of 
oats, 12,000 bushels. Recently considerable atten- 
tion has been given to silk culture, but the urgent 
demand for eggs in Europe has interfered with the 
production of silk. One firm will have nine mil- 
lions of eggs this year, and another a still larger 
number. 

Near Santa Barbara is a celebrated grape vine, 
which sprouted forty-five years ago from a cutting 
used by a native woman for a riding whip. The 
stem is now over a foot in diameter, and the branch- 
es are supported by a trellis seventy -six feet long 



and sixty-one feet wide, which they completely 
cover. It produces about 12,000 pounds of fruit 
annually, some of the clusters weighing five pounds 
each. No fertilizer is used about the vine. The 
olive, almond, walnut, chestnut, orange, lemon, and 
mulberry flourish in all parts of the county. 

No part of the globe can boast of a superior cli- 
mate. Few days in the year can be said to be ex- 
cessively hot, and fewer, moderately cold, the aver- 
age temperature being about sixty degrees. The 
clean sandy beach and temperate waters of Santa 
Barbara offer great attractions to bathers, and the 
famous hot springs, five miles from town, with a 
varying temperature of from 60 degrees to 130 de- 
grees Fahrenheit, contribute to the speedy recov- 
ery of many classes of invalids, especially those 
afflicted with rheumatism. 

According to the incomplete returns of the As- 
sessor, the number of vines growing in the county, 
during 3868, amounted to 350,000, from which 20,- 
800 gallons of wine were manufactured. The as- 
sessed value of real and personal property was 
$1 ,428,197, and the sum of $18,576 was paid into 
the State Treasury during 1869. At the election in 
1868, the votes polled for Grant numbered 428 ; 
Seymour, 301. 



SANTA CLARA. 

Santa Clara, originally founded by the Jesuits in 
1774, is situated in the centre of the Santa Clara 
Valley, and is distant about forty-six miles south- 
east of San Francisco, and three miles northwest of 
San Jose, the county seat. It is connected with 
San Francisco by rail, trains leaving to and from 
that place three times a day. A horse railroad, 
three miles long, leads to San Jose, over the Ala- 
meda Road, the cars leaving every half hour. It is 
in contemplation to construct a new railroad 
shorter than the present track, and to use steam 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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power instead of horse cars, by which means 
much time will be saved. Santa Clara contains a 
population of nearly 4,000 inhabitants. The salu- 
brity of climate, the beauty of its scenery, and the 
richness of its soil, are claimed to be equal to any 
other place on the coast, and its educational, relig- 
ious and social advantages are of the highest order. 
Nearly all the denominations have fine churches. 
The Mission, founded by the Jesuits, continues to 
be one of the most prosperous they possess in this 
part of the world, and ranks as one of the high- 
est Roman Catholic schools on the western side 
of the Rocky Mountains. Connected with it is a 
rare and choice library, containing upwards of 
30,000 volumes, and a complete set of scientific ap- 
paratus of every class and description. The Uni- 
versity of the Pacific, (Methodist) an institution of 
the highest standing as an educational establish- 
ment, is located in the town, and there is a flourish- 
ing Female Seminary, (Methodist) and a Catholic 
Female Collegiate Institute. 

One of the most successful paper mills on the 
coast is in full operation at this point, and the carri- 
ages manufactured at the Santa Clara factories are 
said to be better adapted to the climate of California 
than those built elsewhere. One newspaper is pub- 
lished in the town. The first artesian wells sunk in 
California were bored at Santa Clara. 

Santa Clara Valley borders the southern part of 
San Francisco Bay, and is one of the most fertile 
and beautiful valleys on the coast. As a wheat- 
growing district it has no superior. The farmers 
are prosperous, and are makitiy extensive improve- 
ments in the shape of farm-houses, orchards, vine- 
yards, etc., and as the land titles have all been ob- 
tained direct from the United States Government, 
they do not live in dread of adverse claimants. The 
Coast Range Mountains, a few miles west of Santa 
Clara, furnish the valley with exhaustless supplies 
of fuel, lumber, game and fish. A railroad, passing 
through Santa Clara from Alviso to these mountains, 



will soon open their vast lumber resources, and re- 
duce the labor and cost of transporting the agricul- 
tural products of the valley to market. 

The New Almaden Quicksilver Mines, the richest 
in the world, are fifteen miles from Santa Clara. 



SANTA CRUZ. 

The city of Santa Cruz, (sacred cross) so named 
by the founders of the Mission in 1791, is the county 
seat of Santa Cruz County, situated on the north- 
erly side of Monterey Bay, seventy miles south 
from San Francisco. Although generally known 
merely as a place of summer resort, it is one of the 
most important manufacturing towns in the State — the 
permanent home of an industrious aud«enterprismg 
people. The business portion of the town stands on 
the westerly side of the San Lorenzo river, twenty 
feet above the level of the sea; the private residences 
being mostly located thirty feet higher, on a bench 
of land which commences at the town and extends 
several miles up the coast. Behind is a narrower 
plateau, and above that another, with the mount- 
ains in the background. The view from the high 
ground north of the town is one of great beauty. 
On the right rolls the sea, the line where sky and 
water meet broken only by a passing sail ; in front 
lies the bay, bright and sparkling in the sun — the 
bluff of Monterey dimly seen beyond. Thence 
back to Santa Cruz, sixty miles around, the curving 
line of surf marks the circling shore. Mountains 
with verdure clad, in the distance rise, and at their 
base, green fields are seen, and, nearer still, the 
town. 

The manufacturing portion* of the town is in the 
suburbs ; nearly all the works being located on the 
beautiful banks of the San Lorenzo. The town, 
which numbers three thousand inhabitants, is 
rapidly increasing in population. It is connected 



L, P, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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with San Francisco by a line of steamers ; with 
Sau Jose by three daily stages, and others run regu- 
larly to Gilroy and San Jose. Connection with San 
Francisco by rail, via Gilroy, is expected soon. 

Santa Cruz contains six churches — Catholic, Meth- 
odist, Baptist, Congregational, Unitarian, and Epis- 
copal ; one orphan school, one academy, three 
graded public schools, one bank, one grist mill, two 
flouring mills, one foundry, one glue and soap fac- 
tory, three breweries, thirty liquor saloons, three 
hardware stores, three drug 6tores, three hotels, 
three restaurants, thirty stores, two weekly news- 
papers, two printing offices, twelve lawyers, six 
doctors, and three dentists. There are several 
magnificent blocks of wood and brick, a thirty-five 
thousand dollar hotel, a twenty-eight thousand dol- 
lar court house, a ten thousand dollar orphan school 
building, a ten thousand dollar granite jail, and a 
number of costly private resideuces. The San 
Lorenzo river, which flows through the northeast 
portion of the town, is spanned by two bridges, 
one for foot passengers, and the other for vehicles, 
the latter costing $11,000. 

An extensive lumber trade is carried on with the 
southern parts of the coast and with San Francisco, 
and a large quantity of lime, hides, leather, and 
gunpowder is exported to the same places. Over 
300,000 kegs of powder were manufactured last 
year, at the works of the California Powder Com- 
pany. The manufactory of the Lake Superior and 
Pacific Fuse Company, located on the Say ante, a 
tributary of the San Lorenzo river, is about seven 
miles from Santa Cruz. 

Santa Cruz County, which is sixty miles long and 
eighteen wide, has a population of from ten to 
twelve thousand, and contains five other towns, 
viz.: Watson ville, Soquel, Felton, Corralitos, and 
Whisky Hill. There are in the county live grist 
mills, eleven saw mills, two shingle mills, one paper 
mill, one powder mill, four lime kilns, (the most 
extensive in the State) and seven tanneries. There 



are vast forests of redwood, pine, oak, laurel, hazel, 
and different woods suitable for the manufacture of 
gunpowder. Some of the redwood trees are of 
very large size; one, known as Fremont's tree, is 
sixty-two feet in circumference. Many of the trees 
in the same grove are fifteen feet in diameter, and 
from two hundred to three hundred feet in height. 
Traces of petroleum are plentiful in various parts 
of the county. 240,000 grape vines were growing 
in 1868, and the quantity of wine manufactured 
that year was 12,700 gallons. The grain crop was 
183,861 bushels of wheat, 78,000 bushels of barley, 
and 30,000 bushels of oats. There are 2,500 acres 
of flax cultivated in Santa Cruz County this year, 
mainly in Pajaro Valley, along the southern border. 
According to the Assessor's report for 1869, the 
property in the county was valued at $2,441,392, 
and the sum paid into the State treasury amounted 
to $27,060. 13. Eleven hundred and fifty-three votes 
were cast for Grant, and seven hundred and thirty- 
seven for Seymour, at the Presidential election of 
1868. 



SANTA KOSA. 

Santa Rosa, the county seat and second town in 
Sonoma, and one of the prettiest in the State, is 
situated on the Santa Rosa Creek, a tributary to 
Russian River, in the heart of a large and rich ag- 
ricultural region. It is distant sixteen miles from 
Petaluma, twenty miles from Sonoma, sixteen 
miles from Healdsburg, and twenty-six from Bo- 
dega Port. The town was originally laid off in 
1853, since which time it has grown steadily. Two 
years ago it was incorporated. The present popu- 
lation numbers about 1,800, between five hundred 
and six hundred of them having the right to vote, 
and five hundred and eighty-one are school children. 

The public school is kept open for eight months 
in the year, and has an average attendance of two 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 



64 



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hundred and seventy-five children. Two private 
schools are also well supported. The Catholics, 
Baptists, Methodist-South, Presbyterians, Metho- 
dists, Christians, Seventh Day Advents, each pos- 
sess a church building, and the Episcopalians hold 
their services in the Court House. The business 
community is represented by five dry goods and 
provision stores, three family grocery stores, three 
drug stores, one book store, three hotels and two 
restaurants, one wholesale and retail liquor estab- 
lishment, five retail liquor stores, and billiard sa- 
loon, three wagon manufactories, one carriage man- 
ufactory, five blacksmith shops, two lumber yards, 
five carpenter shops, one cabinet and furniture es- 
tablishment, one chair factory, one bakery, three 
livery stables, two barber shops, one daguerrean 
gallery, two millinery establishments, two paint 
shops, one cooper shop, one jewelry, w r atch and 
clockmaker's 6tore, one job-printing office — pub- 
lishing one newspaper — three physicians and eight 
lawyers. 

A railroad, running from the Napa County line to 
Cloverdale, by the way of Sonoma, Petaluma, Santa 
Rosa, and Healdsburg, with a branch road to 
Bloomfield, is to be completed by the first of March, 
1872. The distance between Petaluma and Santa 
Rosa will be in running order at an early date. 

The surface of Sonoma County, comprising an area 
of nearly 900,000 acres, is rather broken and hilly, 
and the water, soil, and climate, are unsurpassed 
by any other county in the State. Unlike many 
parts of California, it never suffers from drought 
consequently its crops have always been good. Its 
principal products are wheat, barley, oats, corn, 
potatoes, grapes, and other descriptions of fruit, of 
which immense quantities are grown. Some of the 
largest vineyards in California are in Sonoma Val- 
ley. Limestone aud gypsum abound, and granite 
and freestone quarries are worked to advantage. 
Sonoma County is becoming famous for the fine 
character of its stock, both horses and cattle, the 



breeding and rearing of blood animals being made 
a specialty by some of its enterprizing citizens. 

The celebrated Geyser Springs, counted among 
the wonders of California, are situated in the north- 
ern part of Sonoma County. They consist of a 
multitude of springs ; Boiling, Steaming, Hissing, 
aud Roaring ; Hot and Cold ; of all flavors and 
many colors ; and these diversities occur within a 
few feet of each other. They occupy an area of 
about two hundred acres. The Geysers are visited 
by tourists from all parts of the world. 

The estimated quantity of grain produced in 1868 
was : Of wheat, 2,120,213 bushels ; and of barley, 
854,960 bushels. The grape vines growing in the 
county, during the same year, were estimated at 
4,112,279 ; the quantity of wine manufactured 
amounted to 348, 136 gallons;of brandy, 6,545 gallons. 

The population is supposed to be about 25,000 ; 
and the number of voters in 1868, amounted to 
4,201 ; 1,799 votes being cast in favor of Grant, and 
2,402 in favor of Seymour. 

The assessed value of real and personal property 
in the county, in 1869, amounted to $6,138,836 ; and 
the taxes paid into the State Treasury, $71,845.19. 



SHASTA. 

Shasta, the county seat of Shasta County, is situ- 
ated at the head of the Sacramento Valley, 173 
miles north of Sacramento City, where the mount- 
ain roads lead off to the Trinity River, and to the 
Siskiyou and Klamath country. The town is built in 
the foothills, on the west side of the Sacramento 
River, about two miles distant from its bank. The 
climate is remarkably healthy, and there- is an 
abundant supply of excellent spring water. For 
some years it was one of the richest mining 
towns in the State, and is still the center of a placer 
and quartz mining district of considerable import- 



L. P. FISHEE, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



65 



ance. It now contains a population of about one 
thousand, and supports three wholesale and retail 
grocery stores, twelve saloons, three wholesale and 
retail dry goods stores, two boot making establish- 
ments, five blacksmith shops, two wagon manufac- 
tories, four carpenter shops, one Chinese store, one 
bakery, one drug store, one brewery, one distillery, 
three hotels, two livery stables, one laundry, one 
photograph gallery, two dairies, one printing office, 
one newspaper, one dentist, two physicians, two 
attorneys, and a Masonic and an Odd Fellows' Hall. 

Shasta County is about one hundred miles long, 
east and west, and forty miles wide, north and 
south. As the California and Oregon Railroad, 
when constructed, will traverse the entire breadth 
of the county, its fertile unoccupied lands will be- 
come of great value. About one hundred square 
miles of the county is covered with fir and pine 
timber of the finest quality. Speculators hold large 
tracts of land in the county which, if disposed of at 
moderate rates, would be rapidly settled. 

The assessed value of real and personal property 
in the county, in 1868, amounted to $1,024,883, and 
the amount paid the State Treasurer was $14,498.04. 
The quantity of wheat harvested iu 1867, according 
to official returns, amounted to 86,429 bushels ; bar- 
ley, 187,215 bushels; oats, 11,460 bushels. The 
quantity of wine manufactured during the same year 
amounted to 7,026 gallons ; brandy, 1,940 gallons. 
The number of grape vines then under cultivation 
was 1,821,426. At the Presidential election of 1868, 
Grant received 638 votes, and Seymour 536. 



SILVER MOUNTAIN. 

The town of Silver Mountain is the county seat of 
Alpine County, and is situated at the base of Sil- 
ver Mountain, on a plateau one mile Jong and seven 
hundred feet wide. The site which it occupies is at 
an altitude of 7,063 feet, and is environed by mount- 



ains with altitudes ranging from 8,300 to 8,500 feet- 
The distance to Sacramento is 140 miles ; to Stock- 
ton, 120 miles ; to Murphy's via Big Trees, 50 miles, 
and fifty-four miles to Carson City, Nevada. It is 
located in the midst of a silver mining region, up- 
on which it is entirely dependent for existence. It 
contains three stores, from which the towns of Bul- 
liona, Leviathan, and Silver King obtain their sup- 
plies, two hotels, three livery stables, one brewery, 
three saw mills, two quartz mills, one blacksmith 
shop, one school, and one newspaper office. The 
real and personal property of the county, as assess- 
ed and 'reported by the Assessor in his returns for 
1869, is valued at $333,000, and the sum of $3,158.25 
was paid into the State Treasury. The vote at the 
Presidential election of 1868 was, 154 for Grant, 
and 67 for Seymour. 

Alpine County is appropriately named, lying as 
it does on both sides of the Sierra Nevada, and in- 
cluding that portion of the range which is the most 
rugged and lofty. It covers an area of 1,320 square 
miles, being fourteen square miles greater than the 
State of Rhode Island. It contains within its limits 
several peaks having an altitude of about 11,000 
feet. Many beautiful lakes, the sources of the Car- 
son, Stanislaus, and Mokelumne rivers, and their 
tributaries, lie nestled among these mountains, sur- 
rounded by scenery that for beauty, wildness, and 
grandeur combined, is unrivaled even in California. 
Numbers of well-watered and fertile valleys are to 
be found equally inviting to the agriculturist as they 
are to the herdsman. Silver mining is carried on 
more extensively than in any other county in the 
State, and many of its mines produce ore of an ex- 
ceedingly rich quality, the millmen paying as high 
as $100 per ton for the rock as it leaves the mine. 
Four quartz mills and one smelting works are now 
in active operation in the county. The lumbering 
business is followed very extensively in the im- 
mense forests of Alpine, and next to mining is the 
leading industry of the district. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, 


California. 


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SNELLING. 

Snelling, a lively and prosperous village, and the 
county seat of Merced County, is situated on the 
north bank of the Merced River, within about six 
miles of the head of Merced Valley. It derived its 
name from the Snelling family, who arrived in the 
fall of 1851. It was first settled by Dr. D. W. 
Lewis, John M. Montgomery and Samuel Scott in 
the preceding spring, at which time Snelling's Hotel 
was erected. In 1856 the town was laid off and 
permanently established as the county seat, and in 
the following two years the Court House, jail, and 
a number of business houses and dwellings were 
also built. Many of its buildings and other im- 
provements were destroyed by the flood of 1861-2, 
and on the 12th of September in the latter year, 
almost the entire business portion of the city was 
destroyed by fire. It Was, however, speedily re- 
built, and from 1865 up to the present time its 
population and business have been steadily increas- 
ing. At present it contains about sixty families, 
making a total population of about two hundred and 
fifty inhabitants. The Odd Fellows' Hall, a hand- 
some brick structure on the main street, has just 
been completed, and is an ornament to the town. 
The school-house is a fine two-story brick building, 
situated just above the village, and contains 
two spacious rooms for primary and grammar 
classes, furnished with improved blackboards, 
seats, desks, bell-tower and bell, the whole 
costing about six thousand dollars. The only 
newspaper in Merced County is published weekly 
in Snelling. 

The land lying betwen the bluffs enclosing Mer- 
ced Valley is in a high state of cultivation, inter- 
spersed here and there with beautiful gardens, 
orchards, vineyards and handsome residences, 
presenting to the view a scene unexcelled for 
beauty throughout the entire country border- 



ing on the Pacific Coast. This valley is the 
largest tributary to the San Joaquin Valley and 
is of more than average fertility, producing a 
greater variety of products than any other por- 
tion of the great valley of which it forms an inte- 
gral part. 

The County of Merced was organized in 1855, and 
the county seat established at Turner's Ranch, Mari- 
posa Creek. It measures about sixty miles in length 
and twenty-five in width, containing an area of 
1,000,000 acres. Considerable bottom lands exist 
along the Merced River; and along the San Joaquin, 
which penetrates the center of the county, there is 
some excellent corn land. It is, however, only 
scantily settled, the population being estimated at 
3,000 inhabitants, who are engaged principally in 
raising hogs, sheep, cattle and horses. The former 
find abundance of food along the Mariposa and 
other Creeks, in the foot-hills of the Coast Range, 
where oak trees abound. To the west of the San 
Joaquin a fine pastoral region invites sheep hus- 
bandry, 80,000 head having been herded there dur- 
ing 1868. Fruits of all descriptions do well, and 
the grape perfects itself in this climate. The dairy 
business and the raising of the honey-bee attract 
some attention. The production of wool in this 
and the adjoining county, Fresno, has led to the 
establishment of a woolen factory at Merced Falls, 
which is progressing favorably. Merced County 
contains 135,000 acres of enclosed land, of which 
33,000 acres were under cultivation in 1868, and pro- 
duced 225,000 bushels of wheat, and 275,000 bushels 
of barley. During the same year, 246,070 vines 
were growing, and, 29, 000 gallons of wine were man- 
ufactured. The real and personal property in the 
county in 1869, was valued at two millions, two 
hundred and seventy-eight thousand, eight hund- 
red and seventy-seven dollars. At the presi- 
dential election of 1868, a vote of ninety-eight 
was cast in favor of Grant, and two hundred and 
seventy-two for Seymour. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



fisher's advertisers guide 



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SLONORA. 

Sonora, the County seat of Tuolumne County, 
has a population of about two thousand, although 
formerly it claimed over five thousand people. It 
has several times been nearly destroyed by fire, and 
the failure of the placer mines has greatly injured 
its trade aud general business. It is still the center 
of trade for the neighboring mining region, but de- 
cay has set in and the place seems to be doomed. 
Five of its churches have been permanently closed, 
and its schools have decreased in numbers. 

Tuolumne, although known as a mining county, 
has a considerable extent of agricultural land, and 
of late years has acquired a reputation for the ex- 
cellent quality of its grapes and fruit. The county 
has expended much money on its mountain roads, a 
number of which have been very costly. One of 
these roads extends across the Sierras into Mono 
County and affords an outlet for the agricultural 
products of Tuolumne, especially the fruit. There 
are over fifty quartz mills in the county, erected at 
a cost of not less than $600,000. There are also six 
mining ditches, varying in length from seven to 
one hundred miles. The Big Oak Flat Canal, forty 
miles long, cost over $600,000, and the ditch of the 
Tuolumne County Water Company, although only 
thirty-five miles long, cost $550,000. The distribu- 
ting branches of these canals are several hundred 
miles iu extent, constructed at far greater cost than 
the main canals. 

The present population of the county is about fif- 
teen thousand. The wheat crop of 1868 was only 
9,739 bushels; barley, 5,612 bushels ; oats, 230 
bushels. The grape vines under cultivation counted 
up to 542,317. 50,597 gallons of wine were manu- 
factured, and 1,794 gallons of brandy. The real 
and personal property in 1869 was estimated to be 
worth $1,177,249, and the amount of tax paid over 
to the State Treasurer was $14,300 06. Grant re- ! 



ceived nine hundred and ninety-four votes at the 
last Presidential election, and one thousand, one 
hundred and fifteen votes were cast for Seymour. 



STOCKTON. 

The city of Stockton is the county seat of San 
Joaquin Co., and i6 situated at the head of naviga- 
tion and tide-water on Stockton Slough, which ruus 
back from the San Joaquin river, easterly, a dis- 
tance of about three miles. It is also on the line of the 
Central Pacific Kailroad ninety miles easterly from 
San Francisco, and forty-eight miles southerly from 
Sacramento. It is admirably located for commer- 
cial purposes, being within two hours travel by rail 
from Sacramento City, and within four or five hours 
of San Francisco, San Jose, Vallejo, and Marys- 
ville. In 1844 Captain C.M.Weber (still a resi- 
dent of Stockton) obtained a grant of laud known 
as the "Weber Grant," on which he laid out the 
town soon after the discovery of gold at Sutter's 
Mill, in January, 1848, and as a token of respect 
named it after Commodore Stockton, a prominent 
naval officer engaged in the conquest of California. 
It was incorporated as a city in 1850, in which year 
the first newspaper was issued, and the fire depart- 
ment organized. From this time the city rapidly 
grew in importance as the chief inland commercial 
point from which the population of the southern 
mines drew their supplies, and it must always con- 
tinue the great commercial town of the San Joa- 
quin Valley. 

Agriculture, the main interest on which the pros- 
perity of Stockton depends, was then a blank book, 
the mining fields entirely absorbing public atten- 
tion. Scarcely a pound of wheat or a sack of pota- 
toes was raised within a hundred miles of Stockton ; 
but all this is changed, and within a few years the 
attention of an industrious and productive class of 
immigrants has been attracted to the great valley 



L. P, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisoo, California. 



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HER'S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



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of the San Joaquin river,, the most extensive plain 
on the Pacific Coast ; and families are settling in it 
continually. The land is ready for the plow and 
harrow, without preparatory labor. Nine millions 
of acres of arable land can employ the industry of 
many thousands ; and such is the extent of the val- 
ley which is tributary to Stockton. 

The grain shipments from Stockton exceed those 
from any other interior town, and is mostly des- 
tined for foreign ports. This, with other considera- 
tions, has led to a commercial enterprise of great 
magnitude, and a company has been organized to 
construct a ship canal from Stockton to a deep tidal 
channel, about fourteen miles distant, on the San 
Joaquin river. The canal will be 150 feet wide at the 
surface, 70 feet wide at the bottom, and 25 feet deep 
at half tide, and will require no locks. Next to 
that of Suez, it will have the largest capacity of any 
canal on the globe, and its construction will make 
Stockton an internal sea port, one hundred miles 
from the sea, accessible for ships of heavy tonnage, 
and in the heart of one of the finest valleys in the 
world. 

The harbor at Stockton, for an inland town, is 
capacious, with never less than ten feet of water at 
low tide. Large steamers and sailing vessels from 
the Bay of San Francisco reach Stockton with fa- 
cility, and the water front of the town is ample for 
the accommodation of an extensive commerce. Ca- 
pacious warehouses line the levees, and the several 
navigable estuaries from the San Joaqnin, which is 
navigable for small steamers one hundred and fifty 
miles above Stockton, are covered with inland steam 
craft and sailing vessels. The business of the place is 
extensive, supplying all the country for two hundred 
miles south, and it is the shipping point for all the 
produce of the valley, and the products of the 
mines. The shipments from Stockton to San Fran- 
cisco, in 1868, comprised among an immense amount 
of other freight, 46,599 tons of grain and flour, and 
1,026,595 pounds of wool. During the year 1869, 



21,420 live hogs were sent to the same destination. 
The present year, the shipments of wool during the 
three months from the first of April to the thir- 
tieth of June amounted to over two million 
pounds, worth between thirty and forty thousand 
dollars. 

There is a steady demand at extreme prices in 
New York, Boston and Liverpool for the popular 
brands of flour manufactured at the two mills 
which often turn out as high as seven hundred and 
fifty barrels of flour, corn meal aud ground feed, 
daily. They have twelve run of stone, employ 
forty men, and their sales aggregate $800,000 annu- 
ally. 

There are two ship yards which have turned out 
a number of superior river steamers and other ves- 
sels, and two foundries and machine shops, giving 
constant employment to fifty mechanics. The ma- 
chinery turned out in 1869, exceeded $130,000 in 
value. There are three extensive tanneries, the 
product of which finds a ready market in San Fran- 
cisco and the mines, or is manufactured into boots and 
shoes at home. Wagons and carriages were manufac- 
tured and sold in 1869 to the value of $51,000, and 
agricultural implements to the value of $80,000. 
Furniture, tinware, brooms, barrels, etc., etc., are 
manufactured to supply the interior demand, and 
nearly all classes of domestic manufactures are in 
successful operation. 

The city is laid out in squares, and now covers 
nearly four square miles ; is well built, and contains 
many fine edifices. The population is estimated at 
from twelve to fourteen thousand. There are in the 
city thirteen churches, fourteen public schools, and 
several private educational institutions, and three 
daily and four weekly papers. There are four fire 
companies, two lodges, one chapter, and one encamp- 
ment of Masons, two lodges and one encampment 
of Odd Fellows, Sons of Temperance, Good Tem- 
plars, Hebrew benevolent societies, and other kin- 
dred organizations. 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



L . P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



69 



The city is supplied with gas ; also with water 
from an artesian well 1,002 feet in depth, discharg- 
ing 360,000 gallons of water daily. The streets are 
graveled and many of the broad avenues are lined 
with shade trees. There is probably no city 
in California where the principal streets are 
better watered, and the dust more effectually sub- 
dued than in Stockton. Private residences in- 
closed in gardens and tastefully ornamented with 
shrubbery, vines and flowers, adorn the suburbs. 
There are many fine private residences and 
several public edifices of great cost. The State 
Insane Asylum has been completed at a cost of 
nearly one million dollars. The assessed value 
of property in the city is $2,500,000, an amount 
much, below the actual value as is evident from 
the fact that the sales of real estate last year 
amounted to $1,491,973. The city debt is about 
$212,000, while the assets in public property ex- 
ceed a half million dollars. 

The Central Pacific Railroad passes through the 
eastern part of the city, and work is in progress on 
the Stockton and Visalia road, which will connect 
it by rail with the immense agricultural domain of 
the interior valley as far south as King's River. 
Another railroad, the Stockton and Copperopolis, 
leading to the rich copper mines of Calaveras, and 
passing through a large extent of agricultural 
country, has been graded for several miles, but at 
present the enterprise is in a languishing condition. 
Stages leave Stockton daily, running southerly up 
the San Joaquin Valley to Mariposa, Hornitos, 
Paradise, Tuolumne, Yosemite, etc.; easterly to 
Sonora and Columbia, and northerly to Copper- 
opolis, Murphy's, Big Trees, Campo Seco, Angel's, 
Mokelumne Hill, etc. 

The climate of Stockton is remarkable for salu- 
brity and evenness of temperature. The following 
table shows the mean temperature of each month 
of the year in Naples and in Stockton, the latter 
being taken from a record carefully kept by Dr. R. 



K. Reid, embracing a period of four consecutive 
years : 



Months. 



% 


Dp 


p 




►rt 








a 


^. 




o 






: 





Months. 



January. . 
February . 

March 

April 

May 

June 



July 

August 

September. 
October... 
November. 
December. 



San Joaquin County has an area of 1,452 square 
miles, or 920,280 acres, of which one-forth is tule, or 
salt marsh, susceptible of reclamation. The lands 
of the county generally are adapted to grain grow- 
ing, and there are many extensive orchards and 
vineyards. In 1869 there were 115,000 acres under 
cultivation, and the yield of wheat amounted to 
1,750,000 bushels. The present year the number of 
acres under culture was 200,000. There were more 
than one-half million grape vines in 1869, yielding 
a large quantity of wine, and over 20,000 gallons of 
brandy. 

At Corral Hollow, in the southern part of the 
county, bituminous coal has been found of fair 
quality. A considerable quantity was taken out 
last year, and with increased facilities for transpor- 
tation, the product of the mine will be of much 
value. The extent of the deposit is unknown, but 
is thought to be very great. 

The population of San Joaquin County is estimated 
at 25,000. The number of children between live 
and fifteen, as returned by the School Census of 
1870, is 4,620. The real and personal property in 
1869 was estimated by the Assessor at $7,661,506, 
upon which a State tax was levied, amounting to 
$111,850.55. At the Presidential election of 1868, 
Grant received two thousand, one hundred and 
one votes, and Seymour one thousand, eight hun- 
dred and eighty-seven. 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



70 



L. P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



[Cal. 



SUISUN AND FAIRFIELD. 

Suisun and Fairfield are situated nearly in the 
centre of Solano County, distant forty-eight miles 
from San Francisco and forty-five miles from Sacra- 
amento. The former was laid out by Captain Josiah 
Wing and John W. Owen, in 1854. The site con- 
sisted of an " island " or elevated piece of ground in 
the tules west of Suisun Bay, and was named from 
the aboriginal tribe of the valley — the Suisuns. It 
is located at the head of navigation on Suisun Slough, 
an estuary of Suisun Bay, sixteen miles in length, 
and is the chief business place and shipping point 
for the middle portion of the county. A tri-weekly 
passenger steamer, belonging to the California 
Steam Navigation Company, connects it by water 
with San Francisco, and a large number of small 
sailing craft are constantly employed in its flour 
and grain trade with that city, Sacramento and 
Stockton. The Suisun and Berreyesa Railroad, to 
run from Suisun City through Berreyesa Valley to 
Clear Lake Valley, was in course of construction, 
but the enterprise has been abandoned. The town 
plat, covering an area of about twenty -five acres, is 
compactly covered with substantial buildings. The 
business houses are nearly all built of brick, and 
vary from one to three stories in bight. The resi- 
dences are constructed of wood, many of them neat 
models of cottage architecture, surrounded by hand- 
some and well cultivated gardens. The population 
of the town is estimated at five hundred. It contains 
a flourishing and well conducted public school, hav- 
ing a daily attendance of from seventy-five to one 
hundred scholars ; a private school, with an attend- 
ance of fifteen or twenty scholars ; a Catholic and a 
Protestant Church ; a Masonic, an Odd Fellows' 
and a Good Templars' Lodge ; ten general merchan- 
dise stores, two drug stores, three millinery estab- 
lishments, one jeweler's shop, two tailor shops, 
one boot and shoe store, four blacksmith shops, 



two Avagon manufactories, four carpenter shops, 
one turning and scroll-sawing shop, two bar- 
ber shops, two hotels, one restaurant, one bakery, 
two meat markets, two livery stables, two lumber 
yards, seven saloons, one large steam gristmill, 
nine grain warehouses, three wharves, and the 
publication and job office of the only newspaper in 
the county, outside of the City of Vallejo. 

Fairfield is the county seat of Solano County and 
has an estimated population of three hundred. It is 
about a quarter of a mile from Suisun, with which 
it is connected by a good macadamized road. The 
California Pacific Railroad connects it with Sacra- 
mento and Vallejo. It was named after Fairfield, 
Connecticut, the native place of Captain R. H. 
Waterman, who, in company with Captain A. A. 
Ritchie, laid out the city in 1856. It contains an 
elegant two-story brick court house, and one of the 
handsomest jails in California; also, a flourishing 
public school, a Methodist Church, several stores, 
two hotels, three saloons, two livery stables, a ma- 
chine shop, and other artisan establishments com- 
monly appertaining to a thriving village, together 
with a large number of fine residences. Having 
no Post Office, the proper address for letters intended 
for persons in Fairfield or its vicinity, is Suisun 
City, California. 

Suisun and Fairfield are situated nearly in the 
center of a large area of very superior farming and 
fruit lands, and constitute the entrepot and outlet 
of two of the largest and most beautiful and fertile 
valleys of California. 

The population of Solano County is between 
fifteen and twenty" thousand. The assessed value 
of taxable property in 1869 amounted to $4,374,- 
134, and the taxes paid thereon were $63,660.- 
54. The crop of grain in that year was : wheat, 
1,635,481 bushels; barley, 207,750 bushels; and 
oats, 11,100 bushels. In 1868 the wine product was 
23,891 gallons ; there was manufactured 2,840 gal- 
Ions of brandy, and there were 654,396 vines under 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal. 



L . P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



71 



cultivation. Grant received one thousand, five 
hundred and forty votes at the Presidential elec- 
tion the same year, and one thousand, four 
hundred and forty-three votes were cast for Sey- 
mour. 



SUSANVILLE. 

This place, the county seat of Lassen County, has 
ahout three hundred and fifty inhabitants. It is a 
mining town of little importance, ninety miles north 
from Elko, and forty miles from Beckwourth Pass. 
The inhabitants remaining in the county consist 
mostly of families, the floating population having 
left for other parts. There are in Susanville one 
hundred children between five and fifteen years 
of age. A newspaper is published at SusanVille. 

The county of Lassen is sixty miles long, and 
from twelve to twenty broad. With the exception 
of Honey Lake Valley, and a narrow strip in Long 
Valley, it contains very little arable land. There 
is some grazing land in the mountains, but the 
greater portion is of little value, the country being 
exceedingly rugged. The greater part of the low 
land consists of alkali flats and sage plains. The 
county contains about fifteen hundred inhabitants. 
The assessed valuation of real estate in 1869 wa3 
$518,555. In 1868, Grant received two hundred 
and ten votes, and Seymour one hundred and twen- 
ty-two. 



TUOLUMNE CITY. 

Tuolumne City is pleasantly situated near the 
geographical centre of Stanislaus County, on the 
north bank of the Tuolumne river, five miles above 
its junction with the San Joaquin. By land, it is 
twenty-seven miles from Stockton, and sixty-seven 



miles by river. One half of the population of the 
county is located within thirteen miles of the town ; 
which contains about three hundred inhabitants. 
Surrounded by the rich agricultural valley of the 
San Joaquin and the famous wheat-growing sec- 
tion of Paradise Valley, Tuolumne City hai-i pro- 
gressed steadily, and its advantageous position as 
a shipping point for grain and other products, must 
make it a place of considerable importance. The 
river is navigable up to the town from January to 
September, and steamers make regular trips to and 
from Stockton. 

Tuolumue City has one public school, with an 
average attendance of thirty; an Odd Fellows' 
Lodge, two hotels, three general merchandise stores, 
a drug store, one meat market, one blacksmith and 
wheelwright shop, one boot and shoe store, four 
public saloons, the only printing office in the county, 
and publishes a weekly newspaper. 

Stanislaus is almost exclusively an agricultural 
and pastoral region. The eastern portion, consist- 
ing of bottom lands of the San Joaquin, Tuolumne, 
and Stanislaus rivers, is very fertile, while the 
western section is better adapted for pasture and 
sheep-raising. The vine and fruit trees thrive 
luxuriantly. Timber is scarce, except on the foot- 
hills, although oak trees abound along the banks of 
the Stanislaus. The crop of cereals is enormous. 
According to official returns, the grain harvest, in 
1868, amounted to nearly three and a half millions 
bushels. For a number of years, mining was 
profitably carried on in the foothills in the eastern 
portion of the county, but the diggings are now 
nearly exhausted. The value of the real and per- 
sonal property in the county, in 1869, was esti- 
mated at $1,609,124, and the sum paid into the 
State Treasury amounted to $21,534.98. The pop- 
ulation is about five thousand. The vote polled for 
Grant at the election of 1868, was three hundred 
and fifty ; and six hundred and forty-two votes 
were given for Seymour. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange) San Francisco, California. 



l. p. FISHER 



ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[Cal. 



URIAH. 

Ukiah, the county seat and largest town in Men- 
docino County, is located in the beautiful valley of 
that name, near Eussian River, upon the mail route 
from San Francisco to Humboldt Bay. It is about 
forty miles from the coast, eighty miles north of 
Petaluma, one hundred and eighty miles from Sac- 
ramento, and one hundred and ten miles from San 
Francisco. The town was founded in 1858, and 
has a population of about 1,500, comprising about 
one hundred and thirty families. Its name is de- 
rived from the valley, and is a corruption of the 
Indian Yo Kaya. The chief supports of the town 
and neighborhood are farming and stock raising, 
and it is the trading post of Little Lake, Long Val- 
ley, Potter Valley and Round Valley, all lying to 
the north of Ukiah City. The climate is healthy, 
and the water cannot be surpassed. The cottage 
residences are very tasteful, and numerous orchards 
in the suburbs yield a great variety of the choicest 
fruit. It maintains four public schools during half 
of the year, and four private schools for the re- 
mainder of the time. A building for a first class 
educational institute is nearly completed. It has 
two churches, a Masonic Lodge, four general mer- 
chandise stores, two drug stores, two hotels, four 
saloons, two livery stables, two blacksmith shops, a 
wagon manufactory, a tin shop, two saddleries, 
two bootmakers, one tailor, one watchmaker, two 
butchers, eight carpenters, two barber shops, one 
steam grist mill, a newspaper office, five lawyers, one 
dentist, five physicians, the county court house 
and jail. Stages pass three times a week to and 
from Cloverdale to Cahto, remaining over night at 
Ukiah. At Cloverdale they connect with a daily 
line to Petaluma, and with a semi-weekly line to 
Big River. 

Mendocino County covers an area of 2,000,000 
acres, of which one-half is fit for cultivation, and 



one-fourth for pasture land. The balance is mount- 
ain land, valuable mainly for its timber. The Coast 
Range and the Mayacamas Mountains form the 
eastern boundary of the county. On the western 
border, near the coast, is another broken range of 
mountains, with numerous streams emptying into 
the Pacific Ocean, affording water power for saw 
mills, and a means of transportation for vast quan- 
tities of lumber, of which Mendocino County ex- 
ports 40,000,000 feet annually. For a distance of 
more than one hundred miles along the coast, and 
extending inland from twenty to thirty miles, there 
is an almost unbroken forest of heavy redwood and 
pine timber, and notwithstanding the immense area 
of arable land is sufficient to maintain a million of 
people, the lumber business will undoubtedly con- 
tinue the leading industry of this rich county for 
many years. 

Besides the small streams already alluded to, and 
of which there are at least a score, the northern 
portion of the county is traversed by Eel River ; 
while the Russian River, rising in the mountains, 
many miles above Ukiah, courses southerly through 
the fruitful region of the Russian River Valley, till 
it crosses the county line between Mendocino and 
Sonoma. Both these rivers have numerous tribu- 
taries. Mendocino is reckoned among the be6t 
watered regions in America, and possesses an al- 
most unlimited supply of water power. The natu- 
ral resources of this immense county are truly 
wonderful, but as yet only a very small portion of it 
has been settled. There are two Indian Reserva- 
tions in the county, one at Round Valley, and one 
at Novo, the two ^containing one hundred thousand 
acres of good land, on which the Indians, under 
white supervision, raise sufficient grain for their own 
support. 

The white population of the county is about ten 
thousand. The wheat crop, as estimated by the 
Assessor in 1868, amounted to 226,000 bushels ; oats, 
360,000 bushels. The taxable property, in 1869, 



L. P. PISHER, Advertising Agent, Eooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



L. p. fisher's advertisers guide 



amounted to $2,042,924, being about one-fifth of the 
actual income from one single product of the county. 
At the Presidential election of 1868, 1,623 votes 
were cast, of which Seymour received a majority of 
three hundred and eighty-one. 



VALLEJO. 

Vallejo is situated in Solano County, on the east- 
ern shore of Vallejo bay, at its junction with the 
Straits of Carquiuez, twenty-seven miles from the 
Golden Gate, twenty-three miles northeastward 
from San Francisco, and sixty miles southeastward 
from Sacramento. Vallejo bay is five miles long 
and a quarter of a mile wide, has twenty- four feet 
of water at low tide, and is accessible from the 
ocean by a channel a mile wide at the narrowest 
and twenty-one feet deep at the shallowest point 
at low water. The town is seven miles further 
from the ocean than New York, but the harbor, 
having a wider and plainer channel, and being 
generally favored with better winds, is more access- 
ible. Tne harbor is as large as that of London, 
Hamburg, or Antwerp, nearer the sea than either, 
is more easily reached by sailing vessels, and is 
quite as secure. The holding ground is excellent, 
and the protection against the winds almost perfect. 
The water front of the town is good, the upland 
sloping gradually to very near the deep water, so 
that only short wharves are requisite for communi- 
cation between the shore and large ships. The 
greater part of the site is nearly level , and well 
situated for a city. The hills are neither high nor 
steep. 

The soil is good, over sandstone, which comes 
near to the surface on the hills, and on the plain is 
covered by a tough clay, furnishing a solid founda- 
tion for brick buildings. The mean temperature 
of Vallejo is: in January, 47°; February, 52°; 



March, 53 d ; April, 57° ; May, 59° ; June, 67° ; 
July, 67° ; August, 66° ; September, 64° ;' October, 
62° ; November, 54° ; December, 47° ; giving 58° 
as the mean of the year. The climate of Vallejo 
is ten degrees warmer in summer, and three de- 
grees cooler in winter than that of San Francisco ; 
and six cooler in summer, and two warmer in 
winter than that of Sacramento, its location, 
climatically, being about half way between the 
ocean beach and the middle of the Sacramento 
basin. Fogs and high winds sometimes visit the 
place, but they are much rarer than at the Golden 
Gate. 

The town being situated near the southern point 
of the rugged ridges of the north coast, is on the 
main route of communication between Napa, Sono- 
ma, Marin, and Mendocino counties, on one side, 
and the Sacramento basin on the other ; it is on the 
main land route to the northern counties and con- 
veniently accessible from all the towns situated on 
the waters tributary to the Golden Gate. 

Vallejo is the southern terminus of the railroads 
belonging to the California Pacific Railroad Com- 
pany, running to Sacramento, Marysville, and Cal- 
istoga. These roads connect by a fast steamboat 
with San Francisco, and carry passengers between 
that city Sacramento and Marysville, quicker than 
any other route. The Sacramento branch taps the 
Central Pacific Railroad, and the Marysville branch 
taps the California and Oregon Railroad. Another 
road is projected to run from Vallejo to Healdsburg 
to accommodate the large and rapidly growing trade 
of Russian River Valley. Vallejo is the farthest 
point inland where railroads reach a harbor access- 
ible for large vessels, and is one of the main centers 
of railroad business in the State. It is made a Port 
of Delivery by Act of Congress, and a large amount 
of wheat is shipped at its wharves, direct for Liver- 
pool and other foreign ports. During the year end- 
ing June 30th, 1870, thirty-three large vessels were 
laden with grain for exportation, and it is probable 



L. P. 


FISHER, 


Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 Hew Merchants' Exchange, San 


Francisco, 


California, 


74 




L. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. 




[Cal. 



that a large amount of wheat will be shipped 
from Vallejo the current year. It is also be- 
comiug a center for the lumber trade, cargoes 
being imported direct from Puget Sound and the 
Mendocino Coast, and sent to the interior by cars 
and schooners. 

The only grain elevator on the coast is at Vallejo. 
There is also a very large grist mill built on piles, 
with twenty feet of water alongside, and a railroad 
track running into the building. There are nine 
wharves at which large vessels can lie, a foundry, 
three sash and blind factories, a soap factory, gas 
works, and two banks. A water company promises 
to furnish 3,000,000 gallons of water daily after the 
first of January, 1871. Workmen are now laying 
the pipe, and constructing the reservoirs. 

The town has two daily and one weekly news- 
papers. There are five churches, viz : one Baptist, 
one Presbyterian, one Episcopal, one Methodist, and 
one Catholic, and six resident ministers. The Ma- 
sons, Odd Fellows, Good Templars and Dashaways 
have a lodge each ; and there are Protestant and 
Catholic benevolent societies. There is one public 
library with seven hundred volumes. Of public 
schools there are seven, with over a thousand pupils 
in attendance. One of the most prominent buildings 
is the Orphan Asylum, or Home of the Good Temp- 
lars. It is a large building standing on a beautiful 
knoll, and visible at a great distance. 

The population is about eight thousand, and in- 
creasing rapidly. In 1867, the number of votes 
cast was 682 ; in 1868, 889 ; and in 1869, 1,109. In 
1869, three hundred houses were built, and though 
1870 has been a season of general business depres- 
sion throughout the State, Vallejo continues to pros- 
per, and improvements are made every month. 

Heretofore one of the chief props to the trade of 
Vallejo has been the Mare Island Navy Tard, a 
quarter of a mile distant across Vallejo bay. This 
yard gives employment to a great number of labor- 
ers ; sometimes as many as 1,700 are employed, 



and they all reside at Vallejo. On account of the 
high rate of wages, and the great cost of materials 
on the Pacific Coast, nearly all the work of the 
U. S. Navy department has been done in the At- 
lantic navy yards, and when vessels of the Pacific 
squadron have needed repairs, they were usually 
ordered on a voyage around Cape Horn, requiring 
from eight to ten months to go and return, and 
more money for running expenses than the repairs 
could possibly cost, even at California prices. It 
has therefore been determined at Washington that 
the work for the Pacific squadron shall be done at 
Vallejo. This decision will lead to the erection of 
very extensive shops, and the engagement of many 
more men than have ever yet found employment at 
Mare Island. There are on the Atlantic side six 
navy yards, which support a population of about 
one hundred thousand. A proportional share of 
the work of the U. S. Navy at the Mare Island 
yard will maintain a population of from ten to 
fifteen thousand. 

For manufacturing enterprises, the position of 
Vallejo is equal to any in California. The upland 
is cheap, access to deep water convenient, railroad 
communication with the center of the State excel- 
lent, fresh water will be abundant, and the climate 
is good. For ship-building, the town has special 
advantages, and the deep water is free from the 
teredo, or shipworm, which in San Francisco ruins 
wharves, and timber left in the water for seasoning 
or storage. 

No portion of the State is richer than the coun 
try around Vallejo. Solano, Napa, Sonoma, Lake 
Mendocino, and Marin, forming the San Pablo dis 
trict, have a very rich soil, a moist climate, exten 
8ive forests of valuable timber, numerous peren 
nial streams and hot springs, exteusive orchards 
vineyards, dairies, and numerous prosperous towns 
The people of this district generally will do their 
trading through Vallejo, which is throwing out its 
iron arms to reach them all. 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



L . p. fisher's advertisers' guide. 



75 



Vallejo, the chief town of Solano, is twenty miles 
from Fairfield, the county seat. The population of 
Solano County is variously estimated, the highest 
figures being 24,000, and the lowest 14,000. The 
census returns will shortly settle the point in con- 
troversy. 



VISALIA. 

Visalia was located in 1852, and derived its name 
from Daniel Vice, who first camped on its present 
site. It occupies a beautiful position on a branch of 
the Kahwea River, in the midst of the rich bottom 
lands formed by the annual overflow of that stream 
— distant about ten miles from the Sierra Nevada 
Mountains, and twenty miles from Tulare Lake. 
The plain upon which it is situated is the largest 
body of agricultural and grazing land in California 
— and for several miles around Visalia it is dotted 
with a fine growth of oak timber. Extensive vine- 
yards and orchards, well-cultivated fields, and 
beautiful gardens, encompass the town on all sides. 
The immense range of rich farming and pasture 
lands surrounding it, make it the center of a large 
trade, and farmers, stock-raisers, and miners, for a 
distance of two hundred miles, make it their mar- 
ket town. 

San Francisco, distant 240 miles, can be reached 
within a day and a half, via Gilroy, stages leaving 
for that place three times a week. 

The population of Visalia is estimated at about 
],500. It has two public schools, one private one, 
one seminary, three church edifices, five church 
organizations — aud the Masons and Odd Fellows 
have each a prosperous lodge. It also contains four 
blacksmith and wagon-making shops, two boot and 
shoe shops, four carpenter shops, two markets, two 
hotels, three restaurants, three barber shops, eight 
saloons, twx) breweries, three lumber yards, one 
steam grist-mill, two printing offices — issuing two 



weekly newspapers — four lawyers, and seven phy- 
sicians. As evidence of its prosperity, it is estimated 
that the combined sales of two drug stores, eleven 
stores for general merchandise, and a wholesale 
liquor store, amount to one million, two hundred 
thousand dollars per annum. 

Tulare County is named after the large lake lying 
on its western side, which is surrounded on the north 
and east by immense swamps covered with almostim- 
penetrable tule, and which are deeply overflowed 
during the rainy season. Outside of this tule there is 
an extensive tract of country, possessing a soil of ex- 
ceeding fertility, and capable of growing anything. 
Experiments in the cultivation of cotton have been 
made in the Tulare Basin — and a fine textile liber has 
been obtained, yielding an average crop of five 
hundred pounds per acre. The coffee-tree bears a 
heavy crop of well-matured berries. These staples, 
however, are not likely to receive much attention 
while other industries, giving an immediate return, 
continue to be profitable. 

The county contains an area of 7,000 square 
miles, being as large as the State of Massachusetts. 
It contains some of the highest and most rugged 
peaks of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, in the 
dividing range between it and Inyo County. Mount 
Kahwea is 14,000 feet high ; Mount Tyndale, 
14,386 feet ; and Mount Whitney — the loftiest 
mountain on the North American Continent — is 
15,000 feet high. 

The population of Tulare County is about 6,000. 
According to the assessor's report for 1868, the 
grape-vines under cultivation numbered 246,212 ; 
quantity of wine manufactured, 3,000 gallons ; 
brandy, 1,500 gallons ; wheat raised, 40,884 bush- 
els ; barley, 70,589 bushels ; and oats, 550 bushels. 
The assessed value of real and personal property, 
in 1869, was $4,170,870— and $39,403.43 was paid 
during the same year into the State treasury. The 
number of votes polled for Grant, in 1868, amounted 
to 338 ; and 679 for Seymour. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 
76 



L . P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS' GUIDE. 



[Cal. 



WATSOxNVILLE. 

Watsonville the second town in size in Santa 
Cruz County is an incorporated town of about 2,000 
inhabitants, five miles from the coast, six miles from 
the foothills, and twenty miles southeast of Santa 
Cruz. It is situated in the beautiful and productive 
Pajaro Valley, is the business center of a country 
eighteen miles long and fifteen miles wide, and the 
terminus of stage lines from San Jose, Monterey, 
Salinas, Castro ville, San Juan, Hollister and Santa 
Cruz. The completion of the conteuiplated railroad 
from Gilroy will place it in direct communication 
with San Francisco, ninety-five miles distant. A 
large amount of freight is shipped and received at 
Millard's Landing on the Slough, three miles from 
"Watsonville, and San Francisco steamers arrive 
weekly at Watsonville, landing at the mouth of the 
Salinas River, about five miles from town. 

Watsonville has four churches— Methodist, Pres- 
byterian, Catholic, and Mormon, and a Catholic 
Church and Orphan Asylum on the outskirts. The 
Masons, Odd Fellows, and Sons of Temperance 
have each lodges. The town supports two private 
schools and a graded public school the whole year. 
The public school house is a fine building and will 
accommodate four hundred pupils, which is fifty 
more than the average attendance. 

The town has a grist mill, a planing mill, a lumber 
yard, two soda works, two breweries, four carriage 
shops, two machine shops, four blacksmith shops, 
three hotels, ten saloons, two drug stores, one hard- 
ware store, one tin shop, fifteen miscellaneous stores, 
two millinery establishments, two livery stables, a 
news depot, one weekly newspaper and printing 
office, five physicians, two dentists and three law- 
yers. 

The Pajaro River over which there is a substan- 
tial bridge, flows on the eastern side of the town, 
and is the boundary line between Monterey and 



Santa Cruz Counties. The well laid out streets, 
thrifty shade trees, and the permanent nature of the 
buildings give evidence of stability and prosperity. 
The land below the town is a rich heavy loam, and 
produces annual crops of grain. Above the town 
in the direction of the foothills, the reddish soil of 
the rolling country is better adapted for beans and 
corn, and both are cultivated extensively. The 
sugar beet averages one hundred and seventy-four 
tons to the acre, in the neighborhood of Watson- 
ville. 



WEAVERVILLE. 

Weaverville, the county seat of Trinity County, 
was formerly a very prosperous town of 1,800 
inhabitants. Flood, fire, and the exhaustion of the 
placer mines in the vicinity, have subsequently 
reduced its population to about eight hundred and 
fifty. It is still the largest and most important 
town in the county, and its main business center. 
It is situated in Weaver Basin, at the junction of 
Weaver Creek and Garden Gulch, and distant, 
about two hundred and twenty-five miles from 
Sacramento, with which place it is connected by 
means of stage and steamer. A stage also connects 
it with Oroville via Shasta. 

It contains sixteen mercantile houses, two drug 
stores, one dentist, one express office, oue banking 
house, three hotels, two restaurants, four saloons, 
one livery stable, two blacksmith shops, one gun- 
smith, two carpenter shops, two watchmaker aud 
jeweler stores, two shoe shops, one tailor, one bar- 
ber, three butcher shops, one bakery, one brewery, 
one soda factory, one cider and vinegar factory, 
four law offices, and three physicians, and publishes 
one weekly newspaper. 

Religious and fraternal institutions are repre- 
sented by one Protestant aud one Catholic Church, 
one Masonic, one Odd Fellows', and one Good 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



77 



Templars' Lodge. It also contains a theater, the 
court-house, jail, and county hospital. The public 
echools have a regular attendance of about one 
hundred and twenty scholars. Many of its private 
dwellings are of an exceedingly costly character, 
and connected with the same are several well- 
cultivated gardens, producing an abundance of 
fruit. Salmon of excellent quality and flavor are 
caught in Trinity River, near Weaverville. 

Weaver Basin is an oval-shaped valley, about 
seven miles long, north and south, and about five 
miles wide, east and west. The color of gold is ob- 
tained anywhere on the surface. Mining has 
been limited to a depth of fifty or sixty feet. 

Trinity County contains an area of about 2,400 
square miles, and a population of between 3,000 
and 4,000 inhabitants. Labor receives higher 
wages in this county, and the expenses of living 
are perhaps greater, than in any other portion of the 
State. 

The assessed value of real and personal property, 
in 1869, amounted to $630,394— and $8,898.18 were 
paid into the State treasury. The number of grape- 
vines growing in the county, in 1868. was estimated 
at 20,409 ; bushels of wheat obtained from 1,035 
acres of land, 14,192 ; of barley, from 120 acres, 
2,446 ; of oats, from 170 acres, 3,291 bushels. Out 
of a total of 896 votes cast at the late Presidential 
election, Grant obtained a majority of 114. 



WOODLAND. 

Woodland is a prosperous farming town of about 
2,000 inhabitants, three miles west of Cache creek, 
in Yolo, of which it is the county seat. The site is 
well chosen, amid a scattered growth of oak timber, 
in the midst of an extensive plain, in one of the 
best farming countries in the State. The business 



prospects of the town are excellent ; all the houses 
are occupied ; several fine brick buildings are just 
completed, and others are in course of construction. 
The California Pacific Railroad does an extensive 
business at this place. Large shipments of wood 
and live stock are made daily, and there is proba- 
bly a million of bushels of wheat now (August) on 
the line of the railroad in this county awaiting ship- 
ment. The California Pacific Railroad connects 
Woodland with Sacramento, Vallejo and Marys- 
ville, and by a branch line it will soon be in direct 
communication with Colusa and Red Bluff. The 
public buildings include a fine court-house, three 
churches, a three-story brick college, and a theater . 
There are two good public schools, a prosperous 
boarding school for boys, a bank, with a capital of 
$200,000, a storehouse for 3,000 tons of wheat, a 
grist mill, one of the best carriage and wagon man- 
ufactories to be found outside of large cities, two 
printing offices, each publishing a weekly news- 
paper, an extensive brick yard, several lumber 
yards, two hardware stores, four blacksmith shops, 
two saddlery shops, four dry goods stores, one 
clothing establishment, three boot and shoe manu- 
factories, two tailor shops, two barber shops, two 
millinery establishments, three drug stores, three 
jewelry stores, two groceries, one bakery, three 
butcher shops, two fancy goods stores, three whole- 
sale liquor stores, eleven drinking saloons, three 
livery stables, two restaurants and one bowling 
alley. Six medical practitioners, two dentists and 
half-a-dozen lawyers are located at Woodland, and 
the Masons, Odd Fellows and Good Templars have 
each a lodge. The population of this strictly agri- 
cultural county is about 12,000, and steadily in- 
creasing. The grain product of 1869 was nearly a 
million bushels of wheat and 231,699 bushels of 
barley, the average yield of wheat being something 
over 30 bushels to the acre. The number of grape 
vines under cultivation during 1868 was 244,980, 
producing 21,310 gallons of wine and 6,261 gallons 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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[Cal. 



of brandy. According to the Assessor's returns for 
J869, the real and personal property in the county 
is valued at $4,127,457. Grant received 995 votes 
at the Presidential election of 1868, and Seymour 
1,061. 



JEEKA. 

Yreka, the county seat of Siskiyou County, is 
located about 20 miles south of the Oregon bound- 
ary line, on a fine plateau west of Yreka creek, four 
thousand feet above the level of the sea, and 140 
miles from Eed Bluff", the head of navigation on the 
Sacramento river. The city is lighted by wood gas, 
and the water works furnish an ample supply of 
pure water. The population is about 1,500. Many 
of the private dwellings are surrounded with gar- 
dens, irrigated by water from the big ditch which 
passes the town on the western side. There is a 
hook and ladder company and two engine compa- 
nies. Yreka has fifteen stores, two large two-story 
brick hotels, two markets, two iron foundries, two 
stove stores, numerous blacksmith, wagon and car- 
penter shops, two drug stores, two bakeries, three 
breweries, fifteen saloons, eight lawyers, five physi- 
cians, two printing offices and two newspapers. 
There is a Methodist and a Catholic church. The 
Odd Fellows own a fine two-story brick hall, and 
have two lodges and one encampment. The Masons 
also have a fine hall, two lodges, one chapter and 
one council. A large building for a Sisters' Acad- 
emy is nearly completed. The public school dis- 
trict of Yreka contains 160 children under 4 years 
of age, and 280 children who attend school. 

A daily mail and express line runs through the 
town, and regularly to other portions of the county, 
and into Klamath, Trinity and Del Norte counties. 

Yreka will be the principal railroad depot for a 
large extent of country, east and west, and one of 



the principal stations of the California and Oregon 
Railroad. 

Siskiyou, the extreme northern county of the 
State, is 160 miles long, 58 miles wide, and covers 
5,300,000 acres. One million acres are valuable 
forests, and a half million acres are covered by 
large bodies of water. Much of the remainder con- 
sists of rugged mountains, deep canons and barren 
table lands. Not more than 250,000 acres can be 
classed as good agricultural land, of which 75,000 
acres are inclosed, and 25,000 under cultivation. 
Its population is about 5,000, of whom 1,700 are 
voters and 1,500 are children between 5 and 15. 
Its principal resources consist of placer and quartz 
mines. Farming is restricted to the supply for home 
consumption, as there are no facilities for transport- 
ation. 

About 30 miles southeasterly from Yreka is Mt. 
Shasta, one of the highest and noblest peaks in the 
United States. The mountain is a symmetrical 
cone, springing from foot-hills 3,000 feet high, to an 
elevation of 14,441 feet. It is a conspicuous land- 
mark for many miles in all directions. 

Scott and Shasta rivers have pleasant open val- 
leys. Fifty thousand acres of land in Shasta Val- 
ley have been put into market at $3 per acre. It 
is excellent grazing land, and the surrounding hills 
are covered with a luxuriant growth of bunch grass. 
The dry lands of this valley are well adapted to the 
cultivation of rye. 

The quartz mining interest in the county is grad- 
ually increasing, and new mills for crushing are 
erected every year. 

The real and c personal property in Siskiyou 
county, in 1869, was valued at $1,950,318. The 
grape vines cultivated in 1868, numbered 33,724 ; 
the quantity of wine manufactured, 3,200 gallons. 
The grain product of the same year amounted to 
220,500 bushels of wheat, 110,200 bushels of barley 
and 168,000 bushels of oats. At the last Presidential 
election, Grant received 835 votes and Seymour 918. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Eooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Cal.] 



FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[9 



YUBA CITY. 

Yuba City, the County seat of Sutter County, is 
built on the eastern bank of Feather River, a few 
hundred yards above its junction with the Yuba, 
and directly opposite the city of Marysville, with 
which it is connected by Feather River Bridge. It 
was lirst settled in 1849, and for many years was at 
a stand, but during the last two years it has doubled 
its population and the number of its buildings, and 
its business has increased fourfold. This growth is 
of a permanent character. The population is one 
thousand, of whom two hundred and fifty are voters. 
It has three grocery, provision, and general variety 
stores, one dry goods store, two drugstores, several 
lawyers and physicians, two wine manufactories 
and distilleries, a steam power machine shop, three 
blacksmith shops, one wagon shop, one turner's 
shop, two livery stables, one hotel, four or 
five boarding houses, several carpenter shops, one 
barber shop and five saloons. The public build- 
ings are a court house, a church, a Masonic hall, a 
school house, and the County Infirmary. It con- 
tains a printing office and publishes a weekly news- 
paper. 

Situated at the head of steamboat navigation, with 
the California Pacific Railroad running through the 



town, and backed by an agricultural region of 
great fertility, Yuba City promises to become a point 
of some importance. 

Sutter County is named after General Sutter, the 
most enterprising of the early settlers of California, 
and in whose mill-race, on the South Fork of the 
American River, at Coloma, El Dorado County, 
gold was first discovered on the nineteenth of Jan- 
uary, 1848. The Sutter Buttes, a group consisting 
of three peaks united at the base, are the only ele- 
vations of consequence in the county, and are the 
most conspicuous landmarks in Northern California. 
Mount Shasta, in Siskiyou County, appears less 
prominent on account of the lofty peaks in the 
vicinity. At the base of the Sutter Buttes are a 
number of vineyards bearing fruit of a very superior 
quality. 

Sutter County has an area of only 600 square miles. 
In 1868, it produced 73,725 bushels of wheat, 147,- 
480 bushels of barley, and 40.700 bushels of oats. 
The vines growing the same year numbered 424,- 
665, the wine product amounting to 26,000 gallons, 
and the brandy to 4,385 gallons. The value of real 
and personal property in the county in 1869, was 
estimated at $4,066,935, and $39,838 was paid into 
the State Treasury. It is nearly out of debt. 
The population is estimated at about six thousand 
inhabitants. The number of votes cast for Grant 
in 1868 was 995, and 1,061 for Seymour. 



L. P. FI3HSR, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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[Oregon. 



OEEQON. 



ALBANY. 

Albany, the county seat of Linn County, is built 
on the east bank of the Willamette River, thirty- 
five miles above Salem, and about eighty miles 
south of Portland. The stage route to Sacramento 
from Portland passes through the town. It contains 
a population of over two thousand, and has the 
reputation of being one of the neatest, healthiest 
and most prosperous villages in Oregon. The ex- 
penses of living are very moderate, and its pleasant 
location, unlimited water-power, with the prospec- 
tive completion of the Oregon and California Rail- 
road, combine to make it one of the most promising 
settlements in the State. Its schools are of a high 
character, there are several houses of worship, and 
each succeeding year adds to its population, import- 
ance and wealth. Among the industries in success- 
ful operation are two of the finest grist mills in the 
State, (of which Albany is the granary) one ruu by 
water, the other by steam, with a combined capacity 
for grinding between two to three hundred thousand 
barrels of flour per aunum ; one iron foundry, two 
steam saw mills, sash, blind and door factories, one 
pork packing establishment, one soap factory, two or 
more barrel factories, manufactories of wagons, plows 
and other agricultural implements, blacksmith shops, 
etc. There are also a number of dry goods stores, 
three grocery stores, one hardware store, three drug- 
gists, two dealers in stoves, tinware, etc., and two 
hotels. In addition to a fine college building and a 
large district school house, Albany contains the 
finest court house in the State, Portland excepted. 



Two weekly newspapers are published in the 
city. 

Linn County is one of the finest agricultural dis- 
tricts in Oregon. It covers an area of eight hun- 
dred and seventy-seven square miles, about one 
hundred and fifty thousand acres of which are under 
cultivation. The soil is rich and productive ; such 
a thing as a total failure of the wheat crop was 
never known. The following extract from an ad- 
dress delivered in New York City by Hon. A. J. 
Dufur, late President of the Oregon Agricultural 
Society, gives a fair idea of its grain-growing ca- 
pacity : 

" In Linn County, as President of the Agricultural 
Society of the State, I had the pleasure of awarding 
the premium to a farmer who raised eighty-two 
bushels of oats to the acre, weighing forty-three 
pounds to the bushel ; for the best ten acres in oats, 
a premium for seventy-eight bushels per acre, 
weighing forty-one pounds per bushel ; for the best 
ten acres of wheat, yielding forty-eight bushels per 
acre : and to another farmer a premium for a field 
of oats, averaging eighty-five bushels per acre." 

Besides the immense crop of grain, it is estimated 
that the county produced, during 1868, 19,108 lbs. of 
tobacco, 264,296 lbs. of wool, 600,000 bushels of pota 
toes, 107,922 bushels of apples, 523,266 lbs. of butter, 
8,852 lbs. of cheese and 3,776 tons of hay. 

Improved land may be obtained at an average 
price of ten dollars per acre; unimproved, three 
dollars. 

It contains plenty of good government land, much 
of it as good for agricultural purposes as that already 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisoo, California. 



Oregon.] 



p. fisher's advertisers' guide 



81 



occupied, and as a lumbering couutry, it is inferior to 
none. The assessed valuation of property within its 
limits is estimated at $2,960,694. It contains a pop- 
ulation of more than eight thousand, casting a vote 
of 2,308. In a total vote of 2,236, cast in 1868, it 
gave Seymour a majority of 224 votes. Linn County 
contains several tine grist and saw mills in addition 
to those in Albany. Schools are abundant ; houses 
of worship are to be met with in every town ; the 
morals of the people are equal to the best Eastern 
communities ; the climate is healthy, and when the 
railroads and other improvements now progressing 
are completed, giving access to the markets of the 
world, Linn County will possess advantages equal 
to any part of this Coast. 



CORVALIJS. 

Corvallis, the county seat of Benton County, is 
on the Willamette River, in the heart of Willamette 
Valley, eighty-five miles south of Portland, and 
forty miles north of Eugene City. It is a well built 
and very handsome town, and a place of considera- 
ble trade, containing several excellent schools, a 
college, (Methodist Church South) a female academy, 
(Episcopal)' three churches, two printing offices, 
each issuing a weekly newspaper, numerous stores, 
workshops, etc. The town is connected by the river 
with Oregon City, from July to November, and with 
Newport, seventy-six miles distant, by tri-weekly 
stages running through Pioneer City, Elk City and 
Oysterville ; semi-weekly stages run to Lafayette by 
way of Dayton, Amity, Bethel, Dixie and Dallas. 
Corvallis is also on the route of the daily line of 
stages from Portland to Chico, California. The pop- 
ulation is less than one thousand; its assessable prop- 
erty iu 1869 amounted to $374,347. Benton County 
has nearly 5,000 inhabitants. It contains immense 
forests of cedar convenient to harbors where ships 
can load for all parts of the world. 



DALLAS. 

Dallas, the principal town and county seat of Polk 
County, Oregon, contains a population of four hund- 
red inhabitants. It was laid out in 1858 on the 
beautiful stream known as La Creole River, sixteen 
miles west of Salem, the State capital. The daily 
stage route from California to Oregon passes through 
the town. The surrounding scenery is exceedingly 
beautiful, and the climate, which is remarkably tem- 
perate, snow never lying on the ground more than 
a day, is noted for its health fulness. It is supported 
entirely by the agricultural interests of the county, 
and is noted for its commercial enterprise and 
its steadily increasing prosperity. It contains five 
general merchandise stores, one drug store, three 
wagon shops, three blacksmith shops, one gunsmith, 
one flour mill, one woolen factory, one tannery, one 
tin and stove store, three physicians, five lawyers, 
one hotel, one livery stable, one court house, three 
churches, one academy, one newspaper office and a 
number of very neat private dwellings. 

The county covers an area of about 1,250 square 
miles, and contains as fine grazing lands as are to be 
found in the State ; also, various kinds of useful tim- 
ber more than sufficient for all agricultural, mechan- 
ical and manufacturing purposes. Many of its 
wheat lands have produced crops averaging twenty, 
forty, and even as high as sixty bushels per acre. 

What vacant Government land remains in the 
county is of very little value for agricultural pur- 
poses. Some of it is well adapted to stock raising, 
but the majority is heavily timbered and fit only for 
lumbering, the same being generally situated in a 
convenient position for water privileges. Real 
estate is cheap, as it is possible to purchase the best 
farms in the county at $15 or $20 per acre. 

The average price of improved farming land is 
about ten dollars per acre and that of unimproved 
land, about three dollars. The total population of 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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[Oregon. 



the county numbers 5,000 ; number of voters, 1,227 ; 
vote cast in favor of Grant, 570 ; Seymour, 558 ; 
number of acres under cultivation, 93,270 ; value of 
assessable property, $1,524,513 ; amount paid into 
State Treasury, $11,423. 



DALLES. 

Dalles, the County seat of Wasco County, is loca- 
ted near the Cascade Mountains, on the Columbia 
River, one hundred miles east of Portland. It is 
the only town in a country covering twenty thou- 
sand square miles ; its population is but a few hund- 
red, and the population of the county less than 
two thousand. Dalles is connected with Portland 
by steamer, and is the point of divergence into 
Washington Territory on the north, up the Columbia 
to the east, and to the John Day mining region in 
the southeast. The most practicable road over the 
Cascade range of mountains terminates at Dalles, 
and contributes greatly to the prosperity of the 
place. The town contains an extensive woolen mill 
and several factories and shops. A branch Mint is 
to be located here. A very large portion of Wasco 
County, although fertile, well watered and favored 
with a good climate, is an unbroken wilderness. 
The name of the county is from an Indian word, 
signifying grass, and it is claimed that for pasturage 
it is equal to any land in America. Good timber is 
bundant along the foot of the mountains. 



EUGENE CITY. 

City, the county seat of Lane County, 

i first laid out in 1853, and named after 

ugene Skinner. It is situated on the 

Willamette River, on the stage road 

Sacramento, and is distant about 



eighty miles south of Salem, the State Capital. 
This point is considered to be the head of steamboat 
navigation on the Willamette River — and steam- 
boats from Portland connect with it regularly during 
the greater part of the year. It is on the direct 
route of the Oregon Central Railroad, now under -j 
going construction ; and another line to connect i 
with the Central Pacific Railroad via Humbold 
Basin is contemplated. These lines, when coma 
pleted, will greatly increase its business, which m 
already of considerable importance. ' 

Eugene City now contains a population of 1,500 
inhabitants, and has two public schools, well at- 
tended ; an excellent academy for teaching the 
higher branches of education ; six churches, four 
Sabbath-schools, one Court-house, one Masonic and 
one Odd Fellows' lodge, six fire-proof buildings, 
nine dry-goods stores, two variety stores, one book 
store, two tin shops, five saloons, one brewery and 
distillery, three wagon shops, six blacksmith shops, 
two hotels and one restaurant, one bakery, three 
drug stores, two jeweler shops, one paint shop, 
three cabinetmaking shops, two boot and shoe 
shops, one picture gallery, one tannery, one saddle- 
tree manufactory, two saddlery shops, two meat 
markets, one furniture shop, one gunsmith shop, 
one cooper shop, three livery stables, two printing 
offices, two weekly newspapers, nine lawyers, five 
doctors, and two or three resident clergymen. A 
saw-mill, a grist-mill, and a machine shop, are 
located near the city limits. 

Lane County has an area of 2,240,000 acre^s, much 
of it being well adapted for farming and stock- 
raising, for which it is noted as being the best 
county in the State. 

It was first settled in 1846, and now contains 
40,000 acres of land under cultivation. Large 
tracts of valuable agricultural and lumbering lands 
still remain vacant. Fir, pine, cedar, hemlock, ash, 
maple, and alder, abound in various parts through- 
out the county. Among other productions, the fol- 



I 



L. P. PISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Oregon.] 



L . p. fisher's advertisers' guide 



83 



lowing were raised in 1868: Wheat, 169,715 bush- 
els ; apples, 28,818 bushels ; potatoes, 220,000 bush- 
els ; butter, 237,415 pounds ; tobacco, 13,000 pounds, 
and wool, 159,715 pounds. Extensive beds of coal 
have been discovered within the county, and there 
are many natural mill sites in close proximity to 
forests of valuable timber, with an unlimited sup- 
ply of water-power for manufacturing purposes. 
Thirteen saw-mills and four grist-mills are now in 
bperation in the county. The best kind of agricul- 
tural lauds are to be had from one dollar and twenty- 
live cents to thirty dollars per acre, according to the 
situation. 

I The population is estimated at from 6,000 to 7,000, 
Bnd the value of taxable property is assessed at 
13,000,000. The votes cast at the Presidential 
■ection of 1868, numbered 659 in favor of Grant, 
and 775 in favor of Seymour. 



JACKSONVILLE. 

The largest and most flourishing town in Southern 
Oregon is that of Jacksonville, the county seat of 
Jackson County. It is located on the western side 
of the celebrated Eogue River Valley on the Port- 
land and Sacramento stage road, distant two hun- 
dred and ninety-five miles from Portland and three 
hundred and forty-seven miles from Sacramento. 
The Portland and Oroville stage passes through the 
town daily, and semi-weekly stages leave for Cres- 
cent City, California, a seaport town about one hund- 
red and twenty miles distant, containing six hund- 
red inhabitants, and whose harbor is the natural 
port for the shipments and imports of a large and 
fertile region, inland. Jacksonville contains be- 
tween six and seven hundred inhabitants ; and, as 
it is the centre of a rich agricultural, stock raising 
and mining district, and commauds the entire trade of 
the valley, its business interests are of considerable 
importance. Formerly, it was entirely dependent 



for support upon the product of the mines in the im- 
mediate vicinity, which still give employment to a 
large number of miners and will continue to be an 
important interest to the town for many years. It 
contains many handsome buildings within its cor- 
porate limits, and is justly celebrated for the salu- 
brity of its climate and the beauty of the surround- 
ing scenery. Its business establishments consist of 
a banking house, six general merchandise and one 
drug store, one harness and saddlery shop, two 
blacksmith shops, two wagon manufactories, two 
hotels, two livery stables, five saloons, two printing 
offices — publishing two weekly newspapers — and 
one photograph gallery. There are four physicians 
aud four lawyers. The Roman Catholics own a 
church edifice, and another is occupied by the 
various Protestant denominations. The Roman 
Catholics also maintain a seminary for the education 
of young ladies aud a school for boys ; there is one 
public school. 

The beautiful and fertile Rogue River Valley 
spreads out on each side of the river and comprises 
almost all the agricultural land of Jackson County. 
Since its first occupation in 1852, the crops have 
always been good. At the lower end of the valley 
the river becomes an impetuous torrent, rushing 
through narrow gorges and over steep declivities, 
rendering navigation impossible, and making the 
inhabitants depend upon Crescent City for their sup- 
plies of groceries and such other articles as they do 
not produce themselves. 

The inhabitants of Jackson County number be- 
tween five and six thousand, and out of less than 
one thousand five hundred votes, gave a Democratic 
majority of two hundred aud fifty. Much of its land 
is admirably adapted to stock-raising and its moun- 
tains are clothed with forests of magnificent timber. 
The creeks and rivers abound with fish, and the 
woods, prairies, etc., with elk, antelope and various 
kinds of small game. Its mines of gold and silver 
have been successfully worked since 1852. and new 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 

[Oregon. 



84 



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discoveries are being constantly made. Deposits of 
copper, iron and coal have also been discovered, but 
remain only partially prospected. At salt springs 
existing in the county, salt of a superior quality is 
manufactured and finds favor in many of the 
markets of Southern Oregon and California. Farm- 
ing land can be bought for from five toten dollars 
per acre, and good Government land can also be 
obtained in many portions of the county. The as- 
sessable property is valued at $1,500,000. 



LA GKANDE. 

La Grande, three hundred miles east of Portland, 
is the County seat of Union County, and is situated 
in the Grand Eonde Valley, on the stage road lead- 
ing from the navigable waters of the Columbia to 
the mining districts of Eastern Oregon, Idaho and 
Montana. The town has eight stores, two hotels, 
three blacksmiths, one flour mill, two churches, one 
academy, and one newspaper. It contains eight 
hundred inhabitants, and is a flourishing place, 
being in the very fertile valley of Grand Eonde, a 
circular basin in the Blue Mountains, twenty-five 
miles in diameter, and containing 288,000 acres of 
arable land. The soil is alluvial, and so rich that 
the average yield of wheat is fifty bushels per acre, 
while oats and barley yield from fifty to one hund- 
red bushels per acre. The Grand Eonde Eiver 
runs through the valley, and numerous smaller 
streams pour in from the foot hills. The water 
power of the county is large, but with the exception 
of running a few grist and saw mills, it is scarcely 
utilized. The climate is agreeable and healthy; the 
winters being dry, short and cold ; the springs and 
autumns mild and moist, and the summers clear and 
very pleasant. 

Union County has a population of 3,000, and in- 
cludes within its boundaries the whole of Grand 



Eonde Valley. The assessable property of the 
county is $768,169. In 1868 Grant received 300 
votes, and 558 votes were cast for Seymour. 



McMINNVILLE. 

McMinnville, in Yamhill County, is situated in 
the forks of the river on the South Yamhill, at the 
head of high water navigation, fifty miles southwest 
of Portland. It is a flourishing and growing town 
of about five hundred inhabitants, and is the center 
of a rich agricultural region. It has one news- 
paper, is well supplied with schools, has a fine 
water power, and is destined to be a large trading 
and manufacturing place. Yamhill County now 
contains six thousand inhabitants, scattered over 
320,000 acres of agricultural land, of which less 
than one-fourth is under cultivation. The grain 
crop of 1869 amounted to over 600,000 bushels. 
Yamhill County is noted in the Oregon markets for 
its fine breed of horses and fat cattle, the best of 
which is shipped to San Francisco, by way of Port- 
land. In 1868, Grant received 625 votes, and 
Seymour 556. 



OREGON CITY. 

This is the oldest city in Oregon, and the County 
seat of Clackamas County. It is situated twelve 
miles above Portland, at the Falls of the Willamette 
Eiver, and thirty-eight miles north of Salem, the 
capital. The population is perhaps twelve hundred. 
All freight to and from the Upper Willamette Eiver 
is transhipped at this point through a large ware- 
house ; the Peoples' Transportation Company hav- 
ing constructed a steamboat basin at an outlay of 
$150,000, to avoid a portage of a mile, rendered 
necessary by a fall in the river of forty feet. The 



L. P, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 



Oregon.] 



P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



85 



steamers navigating- this river are equal to any at 
the East. Two boats leave Oregon City daily for 
Portland, and during the business season a steamer 
leaves every day for Salem, Corvallis, and other 
towns on the- Willamette River; but from about the 
first of July to November, they run only semi- 
weekly. The Oregon Central Railroad, from Port- 
land to Sacramento, passes through the city, and it 
is expected that the cars will be running to Salem 
by the end of September. The business of the 
place is extensive, and comprises a large brick 
woolen factory, two flouring mills, a lumber mill, 
two machine shops, an agricultural implement man- 
ufactory, four blacksmith shops, two wagon shops, 
a printing office and a weekly newspaper, three 
hotels, three drug stores, two book stores, a stove 
and tin shop, seven dry goods stores, nine saloons, a 
gunsmith, etc., etc. The Oregon Paper Mills, which 
do an excellent business, are located two miles be- 
low tow 7 n on the Clackamas River. There are four 
churches, two private schools, and an excellent pub- 
lic school, where instruction is given in the highest 
branches. Oregon City possesses great local ad- 
vantages for manufacturing purposes, including 
water power that is almost incalculable. Want of 
capital delays manufacturing enterprises, but that 
will surely come. Near the city on an easy grade, 
and in a district abundantly supplied with water 
and timber, are valuable mines of coal, copper and 
iron, and extensive ledges of limestone. The iron 
ore is so pure that the smelting works at Oregon 
City furnish iron equal to Scotch pig, and fit for 
castings as it runs from the furnace. 

The agricultural land in Clackamas County is of 
good quality, yielding heavy crops of grain and 
fruit, with the advantage of a market close at hand. 
Good land may be had at from $3 to $7 per acre, 
and there is a very large extent of Government 
land still unoccupied, among which are extensive 
tracts of heavy timber, easy of access and near a 
market. Many extensive lumber mills are in the 



county, and lumbering is a prominent branch of in- 
dustry. The oak and ash near Oregon City is of 
superior quality, and extensively used for wagon 
work and in the manufacture of agricultural imple- 
ments. The taxable property of the county, as 
assessed, amounts to $1,700,000 ; the population is 
6,000, and the number of voters about 1,500. In 
1868, 673 votes were cast for Grant, and 592 for 
Seymour. 



PORTLAND. 

This city, the county seat of Multnomah County, 
is pleasantly located on the west bank of the lower 
Willamette river, 12 miles above its junction with 
the Columbia, 110 miles from the sea by the course 
of the river, and 50 miles from Salem, the capital 
of the State. Frorn San Francisco by sea it is 670 
miles, and by land from Sacramento 642 miles. Its 
population is estimated at 8,500, and the property 
subject to tax is put down at $4,978,462. 

As a commercial point on the Pacific coast, it is 
only second to San Francisco. The bill just passed 
by Congress, creating Portland a port of entry, 
will undoubtedly add to its already considerable 
foreign trade ; while the natural facilities for direct 
communication by land with other parts of the 
State, as well as with Idaho, Montana. Washington 
Territory, and British Columbia, are guarantees 
that it will always remain a city of great commer- 
cial importance. Its permanent prosperity is fur- 
ther assured by the steady progress of the line of 
railroad connecting the seaports of Portland, Val- 
lejo, and Oakland. Another extensive line of rails 
will give it connection with the Central Pacific by 
way of Eugene City and the Humboldt Basin. 

The Willamette is navigable to Portland for sea- 
going vessels, affording communication by sea with 
all parts of the world. A line of first class steamers 
connects Portland with San Fraucisco, and a second 
line runs regularly to Victoria and Puget Sound. 



L. P. FISHEE, Advertising Agent, Booms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



86 



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[Oregon. 



In 1869, 155 steamers and sailing vessels were 
employed in the foreign and domestic trade of the 
port. During the half year ending December 31st, 
1869, the 51 houses engaged in commercial transac- 
tions report sales to the amount of $3,842,697. 
Among the shipments to San Francisco were 
1,039,400 pounds of wool. There were also shipped 
to the same port : 

Flour, quarter- sacks 576,280 

Wheat, sacks 49,422 

Oats, sacks 58,403 

Apples, boxes 35,350 

Dried Apples, packages 4,912 

Beef, barrels , 1,305 

Salmon, packages 22,130 

barrels 3,792 

" half barrels 4,746 

These statistics comprise only what was forwarded 
to San Francisco, and do not include the large ship- 
ments of flour, grain, wool, lumber, and other 
products sent direct from Portland to European and 
Eastern ports, the Sandwich Islands, Japan, China, 
and Australia. 

In educational matters, Portlaud stands well. 
There are six public and eight private schools, all 
well attended, sixteen churches, and eight news- 
papers, including dailies and weeklies. There are 
fourteen hotels, four banking houses, thirty-two 
grocery and provision houses, twenty-seven retail 
and eight wholesale dry goods houses, thirteen meat 
markets, two sash and door factories, four lumber 
merchants, fifty-one attorneys at law, and fifteen 
notaries public. 

There are many elegant and attractive private 
residences in Portland, and several commercial and 
public edifices of a superior order. Among the most 
noteworthy are the Temple of the Odd Fellows' 
Association, and the new United States Custom 
House and Post Office, which when completed will 
be one of the finest buildings on the coast. 

Multnomah is the smallest and the richest county 
in Oregon ; the soil is varied, consisting mainly of 
alluvial deposits, clay and sand loam, with here and 



there valleys of black muck, known as swale or 
beaver land ; and there are about 60,000 acres of 
bottom lands, admirably adapted to grazing, on 
which are located some of the finest dairy farms in 
the State. Owing to the rise of the river at certain 
seasons, the lands along the valley of the Columbia 
are overflowed, and the soil greatly enriched. 

Between the Sandy and Willamette rivers the 
country is more rolling and uneven, though it no- 
where assumes a mountainous character. This land 
is covered for the most part with timber. It is very 
similar to the soil of New England, and, like that, 
requires top dressing ; but when first cleared, it 
produces excellent crops of grain, fruit, and grasses. 
The grasses are for the most part timothy, and red 
and white clover. The varieties of timber are the 
red, white, and yellow fir, cedar, oak, hemlock, ash, 
cottonwood, maple, alder, yew, and crab apple. 

The price of farming lands varies in proportion to 
the improvements, accessibility, &c, ranging from 
$3 to $40 per acre. 

The water of this county is abundant, pure, and 
excellent. The climate is mild and invigorating. 
There is some Government land in the southeastern 
portion of the county, and school land adapted to 
agricultural purposes. The population of the county 
is estimated at 12,000 to 13,000. The vote at the 
Presidential election stood, 1,280 for Grant and 
1,162 for Seymour. The value of taxable prop- 
erty is about $6,000,000. 



ROSEBURG. 

This is a charming and thriving town in the 
Umpqua Valley, of 500 inhabitants. It is on the 
banks of the Umpqua Paver aud the county seat of 
Douglas county, 150 miles south of Salem, and on 
the stage road from Portland to Oroville. It has 
one newspaper, four churches, good public and pri- 



L. P. FISHEK, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 



Oregon.] 



FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



vate schools, Masonic and Odd Fellows' Hall, 
United States Land Office, Court House, numerous 
stores, mechauic shops, etc. 

Douglas is an agricultural and stock-raising coun- 
ty, of about 4,000 inhabitants and 1,500 voters, and 
covers an area of 5,000 square miles, of which about 
20,000 acres are under cultivation. The assessable 
property is $1,474,704 ; among the live stock return- 
ed by the Assessor are 11,000 cattle and 160,000 
sheep. The wool product of the county in 1869 is re- 
ported at 430,000 pounds; the Spring clip of the pres- 
ent year will vary but a trifle from 400,000 pounds 
of most excellent quality — netting 20 cents a pound 
to the farmfer. The county contains deposits of coal, 
limestone, sulphur, and building stone, all of which 
have been partially and profitably developed, and 
placer mining has been carried on with varied suc- 
cess for many years. They are all surface diggings, 
and having been carelessly worked, are now for 
the most part abandoned to the Chinese. Rich 
quartz ledges exist, but the attempts to work them 
have not proved successful. It also has salt springs, 
from which salt of superior quality is made. There 
is an abundance of good timber land ; the water is 
excellent, the climate pleasant, and the scenery 
varied and beautiful. Flour and saw mills, ma- 
chine and wagon shops, merchants and traders, are 
located at many convenient points in the county, 
but there are no large towns. The great drawback 
to the Umpqua Valley has been the want of an out- 
let for its produce, and this difficulty has been over- 
come. There exists no hindrance to the navigation 
of the Umpqua River from the sea to Scottsburg, 
fifty miles below Rosebnrg. Above that point, 
however, to Canyonville, are many miles of rapids, 
which till last summer were considered unnavigable. 
But on the 25th of February, 1870, the citizens of 
Roseburg were startled by the whistle of the steamer 
Swan, announcing her safe arrival direct from Gar- 
diner, the seaport of the Umpqua, with a full cargo 
of one hundred tons. A few improvements in the 



river will render it navigable for several months in 
the year, and open a market for the great Umpqua 
Valley, which is quite as productive as the Valley 
of the Willamette. Agricultural land varies in 
price from $1 25 to $15 per acre. In 1868 Grant 
received 755 votes in Douglas County, against 648 
given for Seymour. 



SALEM. 

Salem, the county seat of Marion County and the 
capital of Oregon, is advantageously situated on a 
gentle slope, on the east bank of the Willamette 
River, at a point navigable for steamers during nine 
mouths in the year, and is distant 50 miles southwest 
from Portland and 62 miles from the Columbia 
River. It is also on the line of the Oregon Central 
Railroad, which will connect Portland with Oak- 
land, Cal., and it is expected that the cars will run 
to this point by the end of September, 1870. Salem 
is a city of lar-ge blocks and broad streets, contains 
4,500 inhabitants and has more churches in propor- 
tion to the population than any other city on the 
Pacific Coast. There are five Public Schools, partly 
supported by State and direct taxation, and several 
private educational establishments. The Willamette 
University, located at Salem, is an elegant brick 
structure, erected at a cost of $30,000, and ranks 
among the best educational institutions on the coast. 
The Roman Catholics also have a Sisters' School 
and an Academy of some standing. There are in 
Salem twelve resident clergymen, fourteen physi- 
cians and eleven lawyers ; the Masons have two 
Lodges, the Odd Fellows three, and the Good Tem- 
plars two, all of them in a prosperous condition. 
The industrial branches are represented by a water 
power grist mill, one steam grist mill, three saw 
mills with a capacity of 7,000,000 feet of lumber 
per annum, four sasn and door factories, a foundry 
and machine shop, a linseed oil factory, the first on 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



88 



L . P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



[Oregon. 



this coast, and one of the most profitable enterprises 
in Salem, two tanneries, and the Willamette Manu- 
facturing Company's Woolen Mills, which give 
employment to one hundred hands and manufacture 
cloths, cassimeres, flannels, tweeds, blankets, yarn, 
knit goods, etc., to the amount of $200,000 annually, 
and afford a home market for much of the wool 
produced in that part of Oregon. The meat' pack- 
ing establishment of Thomas Cross, whose sugar 
cured hams have such a widespread reputation, is 
also at Salem. Besides the above, there are fifteen 
dry goods stores, a banking house, one wholesale 
woolen store, eleven grocery stores, three book 
stores, three drug stores, two hardware stores, three 
stove stores, two jewelry stores, three furniture 
warehouses, three saddlers' shops, five boot and 
shoe stores, three breweries, four milliners' shops, 
twogunshops, eight blacksmiths' shops, two cooper- 
ages, one marble works, four wagon and carriage 
manufactories, a carriage trimmer, one bag factory, 
a cigar manufactory, three printing offices publish- 
ing one daily newspaper and three weeklies, one 
bookbindery, saloons, hotels, restaurants, etc. The 
town will shortly be lighted with gas. The Peo- 
ple's Transportation Company, employing eleven 
steamboats on the river, and a good steam ferryboat 
plying between Marion and Polk counties, has its 
principal office at Salem. The public buildings oc- 
cupy one side of a large public square in the center 
of the city, covering ten acres of ground, and the 
State owns a plot of seventy-five acres at Mill 
Creek, in the immediate vicinity of the town, where 
the temporary Penitentiary buildings have been put 
up and where the projected State Insane Asylum 



will be built. Near by is the State Orphan Asylum, 
a handsome brick edilice, to which is appended ten 
acres of ground, a gift to the orphans by a lady of 
wealth residing at Salem. The water power at 
Salem is good and has been much improved by a 
canal conducting w 7 ater from the Santiam River to 
the Willamette. The scenery is magnificent ; the 
Willamette Valley here reaches eastward and west- 
ward for fifty miles, with the Cascade Eange, and 
the snow-clad summits of Mounts Hood, Jefferson, 
and St. Helens, in the background. The view 
from the cupola of the University building well re- 
pays the trouble of making the ascent. Marion 
County has an area of nearly two million acres, 
nearly all of which will be brought within easy 
reach of market by the completion of the Oregon 
Central Railroad, and the boats of the People's 
Transportation Company. There is an extensive 
deposit of excellent iron ore near the Willamette 
River, in this county, and in 1868 a large amount 
of superior quality pig iron was put upon the mar- 
ket, but from various causes the work has been 
suspended. 

The population of Marion County is estimated at 
9,500, of whom 2,500 are registei'ed voters. The 
value of real and personal property is 
at $3,500,000. Grant received 1,534 vote* 
at the Presidential election in 1868, and 1,142 were 
polled for Seymour. 

The central position, good soil, and commercial 
facilities possessed by Marion County ensure it per- 
manent prosperity. Farming land may be bought 
at from $3 to $15 per acre. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Nevada.] 



FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



89 



]ST E V_^D A. 



AUSTIN. 

Austin is the county seat of Lander County, Nev., 
and is situated in Pony Canon, near the summit of 
the Toyabe Range, about six miles from Reese 
River, arid within a few miles of the geograph- 
ical center of the State. It was laid out in Feb- 
ruary, 1863, and incorporated by the Legislature 
of 1863-4. Two years ago it had a population of 
hve thousand, but does not contain over half that 
number at present. Formerly, it commanded all the 
overland traffic, being located on the Overland Stage 
Road ; this is now cut off by the Central Pacific 
Railroad, which passes at a distance of 95 miles to 
the north. Being the first mining settlement south 
of the Humboldt River, it became the headquarters 
of the explorers of Eastern Nevada ; and the mining 
districts of White Pine, Eureka, Battle Mountain, 
Twin River. Philadelphia, Bunker Hill, San An- 
tonio, Union, Washington and other places, were all 
discovered and organized by prospecting parties from 
Austin. The principal occupation of the inhabitants 
is Silver Mining. The characteristic ores of this 
region are Chlorides of Silver, of a refractory na- 
ture, requiring desulphurization. The lodes are 
generally small, but considered the more valua- 
ble on that account, as the mineral is more con- 
centrated. The celebrated Lander Hill, famous for 
the great richness of its silver ores, is within the 
corporate limits. The Manhattan Mill, situated in 
the Fourth Ward, produces about $150,000 worth 
of silver bullion per month. Austin is governed 
by a City Board, consisting of a Mayor and six 



Aldermen. Besides the county buildings, court- 
house, jail, etc., it has a City Hall and station- 
house combined, substantially built of brick ; a fine 
Roman Catholic Church, also built of brick, and a 
Methodist Episcopal Church and parsonage, which 
cost at least $40,000, and would be an ornament to 
any city on the Pacific Coast. It also contains a 
commodious school-house, attended by one hundred 
and thirty pupils and three teachers. The fund 
belonging to it is ample, there being no less than 
$7,000 now on hand. Two lodges and a Chapter of 
Masons and two lodges and an Encampment of Odd 
Fellows, own in common a handsome building, 
erected at a cost of $17,000. Nearly all the mechan- 
ical pursuits usually connected with a place of this 
size are here represented. There are two Fire 
Companies. The Third Division Nevada State 
Militia, make Austin their headquarters. A daily 
newspaper is published, furnishing the inhabitants 
with daily telegraphic intelligence from all parts of 
the world. A telegraph and an express are also 
established here, and four stage lines make it their 
common center. The construction of a branch rail- 
road, to connect it with the Central Pacific at Bald 
Mountain, is under consideration. 

Lander County is one of the north-eastern coun- 
ties of Nevada, and is noted for its silver mines, 
intersecting the TOyabe Mountains, which extend 
north and south through it. Good agricultural land 
exists in Reese River, Grass and Smoky Valleys, 
and other places within a radius of twenty-five 
miles of Austin, and considerable grain and vegeta- 
bles are grown. The town is entirelv free from 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange* San Francisco, California. 



90 



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[Nevada 



debt, and the county also.. In the election of 1868, 
it gave a vote of 1,000 in favor of Grant, and 992 
for Seymour. 



CARSON CITY. 

Carson City, lying thirty-two miles south of Reno, 
and sixteen miles southwest of Virginia City, is 
situated in Eagle Valley on the Carson River, at 
the foot of the eastern base of the Sierras. It is 
the center of some of the best farming land in the 
State of Nevada, of which it is the capital. The 
present population numbers about three thousand. 
All the public institutions in the State are lo- 
cated in this city, and the Governor and other 
officers of the State make it their place of residence. 
It is also the county seat and center of business of 
Ormsby County. About one mile and a half from 
the town stands the State Penitentiary, in close 
proximity to which are some extensively patronized 
sulphur springs. Carson City is the terminus of the 
Virginia and Truckee Railroad, and the depot for 
the lumber used in the Comstock mines ; also for 
the supplies for Carson Valley and the Walker 
River mining country. It is the oldest town in Ne- 
vada, and contains several fine public buildings and 
private residences, and next to Virginia City is con- 
sidered to be the most flourishing place in the State. 
The shade trees which border several of the 
streets are a great ornament to the city. 

It contains the United States' Branch Mint, the 
U. S. District Court, one theatre, four churches, one 
public and two private schools, two literary clubs, 
several mercantile houses, a number of saloons, two 
engine companies, one dancing-house, several res- 
taurants, six or eight taverns, five livery stables, a 
printing office, and a daily newspaper. 

Ormsby County gave five hundred votes for Grant 
and four hundred and eighteen for Seymour. 



ELKO. 

Elko, 5,050 feet above the level of the sea, is the 
county seat of Elko county, and one of the most 
attractive places on the Central Pacific Railroad. 
It is a passenger and freight station, 469 miles east 
of Sacramento, and the point of transhipment and 
distribution for an immense amount of freight. The 
town has 2,500 inhabitants, is the depot for an ex- 
tensive range of country, and the business center of 
a rich farming and mining district. It contains a 
brick court house, three churches and three resident 
ministers, a public school with 150 scholars, two 
banking houses, several hotels, two printing offices 
publishing two weekly newspapers, four forward- 
ing agencies, many mercantile establishments, and 
smelting works running thirteen furnaces — the 
largest establishment of the kind on the Pacific 
coast. Stages leave daily for the principal towns 
of Idaho Territory, and for Eureka, Hamilton, and 
all the settlements in the White Pine range of 
mountains. The celebrated Hot Springs, a mile 
from town, are resorted to by invalids from the sur- 
rounding country, and are a great attraction for 
tourists. Good coal is found within three miles 
of the town. Elko must continue an important 
trading point, if for no other reason than its central 
position in an immense and very productive mining 
region. 

Elko county contains 17,000 square miles of agri- 
cultural valley lands within a radius of 70 miles of 
the city, and is considered the best agricultural and 
grazing county in the State of Nevada. Cattle are 
driven from Texas to the Elko valleys, to be pas- 
tured and fattened, and many of them are slaugh- 
tered in the colder months for the San Francisco 
market. The county is settling up gradually, and 
it is estimated that 17,000 acres of land are under 
cultivation. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Kooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Nevada.] 



P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



91 



EUREKA. 

This place, a wild waste in November, 1869, 
already contains over one thousand inhabitants, 
and the number is fast increasing. It is in Lander 
county, Nevada, 84 miles south of Palisade, on the 
Central Pacific Railroad, 80 miles east of Austin, 
and 40 miles west of Hamilton. It is the point of 
supply for an extensive and very rich mining region, 
of which the ores are said to be so easily worked as 
to make the business of mining exceedingly profit- 
able. Over one thousand tons of bullion, worth 
about $350 per ton, have already been shipped. 
There are now five furnaces in operation. During 
the two months ending 30th June, the Eureka Con- 
solidated Company smelted 766 tons of ore, yielding 
238 tons of bullion, valued at $8-2,824. After de- 
ducting all expenses, for mining, smelting, shipping 
to New York, refining, and commissions, a clear 
profit was left of $45,638. Other companies have 
realized a profit in proportion to their business. 
Some of the people of Hamilton, Treasure City, 
Shermantown, and Elko, are taking down their 
houses and moving buildings and goods to Eureka. 
Forty houses were recently removed to Eureka in 
the course of one week. A weekly newspaper is 
published at this point. 



GOLD HILL. 

Gold Hill, Storey County, is an incorporated 
mining town, one mile south of Virginia City — the 
county seat. It is built in a canon about a mile 
long and a quarter of a mile wide — with high and 
abrupt mountains on the western side for half the dis- 
tance, and sugar-loaf peaks or hills forming the east- 
ern boundary. It has within its municipal limits one- 
half of the celebrated silver-producing Comstock 



ledge, and the canon contains the works of some of the 
most noted silver mines in the world, viz : the Bullion, 
the Alpha, the Imperial, the Imperial-Empire, 
(consolidated) the Empire, the Exchequer, ' the 
Challenge, the Confidence, the two works of the 
Yellow Jacket, the Crown Point, the Kentuck, the 
Belcher, the Segregated Belcher, the Overman, the 
Caledonia, the American, and the winzes and works 
of several smaller mining operations. 

The mills in Cold Hill are the Eclipse, the Union, 
(or Sunderland) the Gold Hill Quartz, the Sapphire, 
the Ehode Island, belonging to the Crown Point 
Mining Company, the Petaluma, the Empire, the 
Imperial, the Marysville, the Piute, the Papoose, 
the Pacific, the Atlas, the lone, the Succor, etc., all 
of which are worked by steam-power, and are near- 
ly all in operation — being engaged much of the time 
on ores hauled from several of the mines in the Vir- 
ginia District. 

Nearly all of the iron work of these mills is now 
done at Gold Hill, there being several iron foundries 
viz: the Fulton, Gold Hill, the Union and Nevada ; 
besides two boiler works, employing a large num- 
ber of hands, to whom higher wages are paid than 
in any other part of the world. Many of the hands 
employed receive from three to six dollars a day. 
Wages are paid regularly every month in coin. 

Gold Hill was first settled in 1859, and for some 
time the existence of silver mines was not sus 
pected. Mining was then carried on in what has 
since been known as " Gold Hill proper," a chim- 
ney on the Comstock, containing not over eight 
acres of surface, and an immense amount of gold 
was taken from the croppings and loose dirt. 
Several millions of dollars in silver were sub- 
sequently taken out of this chimney by the 
mill process ; and it is safe to assert, that many 
millions more of low-grade ore are yet concealed 
within its mysterious recesses. This chimney 
is claimed by thirteen different mining compa- 
nies, in claims from thirteen to sixty feet each, 



L. P, FISHEE, Advertising Agent, Eooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



02 



FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



[Nevada. 



and includes the Alpha, the Imperial, the Empire, 
the Eclipse, the Winters, the Stevenson, the French, 
the Gold Hill Quartz, the Gold Hill Consolidated, 
the 'Tregloan, (belonging to the Alpha Company) 
the Piute, the Challenge, and the Confidence. The 
Virginia and Truckee Eailroad, which is now fin- 
ished, runs within a stone's throw of this extraor- 
dinary mineral reservoir— and an immense amount 
of ore will be carried over the rails to mills on the 
river where it can be reduced, including the expense 
of mining, hauling, and reduction, at a cost not ex- 
ceeding ten or twelve dollars per ton. The Sutro 
Tunnel, which is intended to drain the Comstock 
Lode 2,000 feet below the Gould & Curry cropping^ 
was commenced last Winter. It is now in 1500 feet, 
and when completed will add largely to the wealth 
of the State. 

The mining prospects of Gold Hill District are 
encouraging, even if no more rich deposits should 
be found in the lower levels — now down, in some 
places, between 1,100 and 1,200 feet. The im- 
mense amount of low grade ores yet in the Com- 
stock Lode will sustain mining operations for many 
years. 

The altitude of Gold Hill is about 6,000 feet 
above the level of the sea, and the climate is 
remarkably healthy. 

There are 5,000 inhabitants, its voting popu- 
lation ranging from 1,000 to 1,500. The Eepub- 
lican element has always predominated. It con- 
tains four public schools with an excellent corps 
of teachers, and several private educational estab- 
lishments. With churches and Sunday-schools — 
evidences of civilization and intelligence — Gold 
Hill is well provided. One Masonic and two Odd 
Fellows' lodges are in a prosperous condition ; and 
there are banks, hotels, stores, restaurants, saloons, 
and other institutions, such as usually constitute a 
thriving community. 

It has, also, one printing office, where the Gold 
Hill Daily News is published every evening. It 



has the reputation of being one of the best printed 
newspapers on the Pacific Coast. 

There are three very efficient fire companies — and 
the water-woi-ks, constructed expressly for the use 
of the Fire Department, are equal to any on the 
Pacific Coast. They consist of a reservoir, exca- 
vated in the solid granite, containing at all times an 
ample supply of water, which is conducted to hy- 
drants in five and one-half inch iron pipes, laid 
along the main street of the town. The fall, being 
not less than two hundred feet, gives an immense 
pressure, and obviates the necessity of fire-engines. 

The debt of Gold Hill is only about $50,000, 
bonded, at an interest of from one and a half to two 
per cent, per month. The assessable property with- 
in its corporate limits is estimated at about $3,000,- 
000 — the taxes on which, last year, were one and 
three-quarters per cent. 



HAMILTON. 

Hamilton, the county seat of White Pine county, 
is in the eastern part of Nevada, 100 miles south of 
Elko, on the Central Pacific Railroad, with which 
it connects at Elko station by daily stages. It 
now has less than one-half of its former population, 
which at one time amounted to five or six thousand. 
It is situated on the northern slope of Treasure Hill. 
Treasure City and Shermantown, in the immediate 
neighborhood, have also greatly declined in popu- 
lation, owing to the partial cessation of mining- 
operations in the neighborhood. The mines near 
Hamilton are very rich, and vouch for the per- 
manency of the town, although several buildings 
have been taken down and removed to more pros- 
perous mining camps. The introduction of pure 
water has had a very beneficial effect upon the 
health of the city. A daily newspaper is published 
at Hamilton. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



Nevada.] 



L . P • FISHER 



ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



93 



RENO. 

This growing town has now a population of 1 ,200. 
It is located on the Truckee river, and is a station 
on the Central Pacific Railroad, 154 miles east of 
Sacramento, and the terminus of the Virginia and 
Truckee Railroad, 21 miles long, which taps the 
rich mines of Virginia City and Gold Hill. The 
machine shops of the railroad company are located 
here. Reno is the nearest point on the railroad to 
Virgiuia City, and is the depot for freight and passen- 
gers for Virginia, Gold Hill, Carson, and Washoe 
Valley in a southerly direction, and for Honey Lake 
and other points north. The town has four apothe- 
caries, eight lawyers, one book store, one brewery, 
seven clothing dealers, nine general merchandise 
establishments, three groceries, five hotels, three 
livery stables, two physicians, one newspaper, one 
wholesale liquor dealer, eight restaurants, and 
eighteen drinking saloons. In the neighborhood of 
the town are extensive forests of timber and sev- 
eral saw mills. Mining operations are carried on 
largely, in gold, silver, and copper. The costly 
reduction works of the Washoe Mining Company 
are located at Reno. Much of the land near the 
city is fit for cultivation. 



UNlONVILLE. 

Unionville, the county seat of Humboldt County, 
Nevada, is 123 miles from Carson . City, and 10 
miles from Rye Patch Station, on the Central Pacific 
Railroad, and contains about 600 inhabitants. It is 
situated in Buena Vista Canon, on the eastern side 
of the Humboldt range of mountains, and for better 
protection against the strong winds which sweep 
down the canon the houses are all built of adobe, 



9 



and are only a single story high. There being no 
wagon road practicable across the mountains to 
Rye Patch, the people of Unionville have to take 
their freight to Mill City, a distance of 20 miles. 
The trade of the town depends solely upon the rich 
silver ledges, which form one vast network over 
the whole county, and four quartz mills are kept 
running night and day crushing ores obtained in 
the immediate neighborhood. 

Humboldt County is a series of parallel mount- 
ain ranges, intersected by valleys ranging in width 
from ten to twenty miles, and connecting with the 
valley of the Humboldt River. The valley of the 
Humboldt is generally barren, but the tributary 
valleys contain a large surface of tillable land which 
returns abundant crops when irrigated. The climate 
is genial, with but little snow or severe cold. The 
face of the country varies from low hills to peaks 
attaining almost to the snow line, and from base to 
summit they are covered with the most nutritious 
grasses, which, with the white sage of the low val- 
leys, afford excellent grazing, upon which cattle 
fatten the year round as readily as upon barley. 
Ranching and stockraising are becoming important 
industries, but as yet the resources of the county 
consist chiefly in the mineral deposits, which include 
gold, silver, copper, antimony, galena, nickel, iron, 
manganese, sulphur, salt, and gypsum. 

Humboldt contains seven or eight nourishing 
mining camps, each with a population of a few 
hundred. 



VIRGINIA CITY. 

Virginia City, the county seat of Storey County, 
is situated on the eastern slope of Mount Davidson, 
at an elevation of 6,205 feet above the level of the 
sea, and immediately upon the great Comstock silver 
lode. The principal streets of the town are built up 



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[Nevada. 



with brick and stone buildings of from two to four 
stories in bight, and are graded and filled in witb 
waste rock from the mines, rendering them as 
smooth and solid as though paved with stone. Vir- 
ginia is the chief towm of Nevada, and the main 
source whence most of the mining towus of the State 
procure their supplies. Excellent wagon roads lead 
from the city in every direction, and the Virginia 
and Truckee Railroad is in operation to Carson 
City, the capital of the State, 19 miles to the south- 
ward. Reno, on the Central Pacific Railroad, is 
distant 21 miles, and is reached by a good wagon 
road. From Reno to Sacramento, via C. P. R. R., 
the distance is 154 miles. The population is be- 
tween ten and eleven thousand, and the number of 
votes polled about three thousand. There are in 
the city five churches, costing from $10,000 to 
$100,000 ; two banking houses ; the Virginia public 
school, with 350 scholars ; and the school of the 
Sisters of Charity, with over 200 scholars. The 
libraries are the Masonic, 2,000 volumes ; Odd Fel- 
lows, 2,400 volumes; Public School Library, 900 
volumes ; and St. Mary's Library, 500 volumes, 
principally upon religious subjects. There is 
one printing office, that of the Daily and Weekly 
Territorial Enterprise. In the Virginia Fire De- 
partment there are six engine companies, one hook 
and ladder company, and several hose companies. 
Water for all uses is supplied by the Virginia and 
Gold Hill Water Company, and the town is lighted 
by the Virginia Gas Company and by the new 
Pneumatic Gas. In and about the town are nine 
quartz mills in operation, but the great bulk of the 
ores raised on the Comstock lode are sent for re- 
duction to water mills on Carson river, by the Vir- 
ginia and Truckee Railroad. In the city, along the 
Comstock lode, there are fourteen sets of steam 
hoisting works — some mining companies running 
two sets — all in large and costly buildings. There 
are at the present time doing business in the city, 
one hundred and twenty -one merchants and grocers, 



ninety-seven saloons and bars, seventeen restau- 
rants, twenty-nine boarding and lodging houses, 
nineteen foundries, ten meat markets, seven stage 
and omnibus lines, five livery stables, twenty-three 
job wagons and other licensed vehicles, two bowling 
alleys, eight manufacturers of beverages, four hay 
and wagon yards, two lumber yards, eleven milk 
dealers, five brokers, twenty-four licensed barbers' 
chairs, twenty- four licensed hawkers and peddlers, 
besides bakers, shoemakers, and tailors and clothes 
cleaners working in small shops. There are in the 
city thirteen insurance agencies, one quicksilver 
agency, and many other agencies of various kinds. 
There are flourishing Lodges of Masons, Odd Fel- 
lows, Good Templars, a Choral Society, and two 
military companies. There are two theatres in the 
city. The town contains many handsome and costly 
private residences, surrounded, wherever it is pos- 
sible, with beautiful and well-kept grounds, planted 
with flowering plants and shrubs, cottonwoods, 
locusts, and other shade trees. In the vicinity of 
the city there are a few fine gardens and some small 
orchards, but the general aspect of the place is bar- 
ren, and the surrounding hills are brown and rocky. 
Everything speaks of mines and minerals. AH de- 
pends upon the mines, and the wealth produced is 
in the shape of silver bars. Cars are seen loading 
with silver ore at the dumps of the various mines 
along the railroad track ; wagons are passing along 
the streets loaded with silver ore, and the whole 
industry of the place has to do in some way with 
the mining, transportation, and reduction of silver 
ore, and the melting and assaying of silver bullion. 
About one-fourth of the male population of the town 
is always underground eight hours out of the twen- 
ty-four ; in the Savage, Gould and Curry, Hale and 
Norcross, Chollav-Potosi, or anyone of the principal 
mines, there is more timber than in all the houses 
in the city ; and the space underground kept lighted 
day and night with candles, is as great as that on 
which the town stands. Cordwood, lumber and 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 
Nevada.] l. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. 95 



timbers for the mines, mills and hoisting works, are 
brought from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada 
mountains by the railroad, and by teams running to 
Reno and Washoe Valley. Many mines on lodes 
in no way connected -with the Comstock, and situ- 
ated within a mile or two of Virginia, are now be- 
ginning to be profitably worked, and it is expected 
that the number of these will be increased every 
year. The total yield of the mines on the Comstock 
lode since 1859 is estimated at one hundred and 
twenty million dollars. 

Storey County is the richest and most prosperous 
county in the State of Nevada. Excepting the por- 
tion bordering the east bank of the Truckee, the 
county is not adapted to agriculture. 

The most important enterprise yet undertaken in 
the county is the Sutro Tunnel, intended to drain 
the mines of the Comstock lode, at a depth of 2,000 
feet below the croppings of the Gould and Curry 
mine. The tunnel, on the first of August, had been 
excavated a distance of nearly 1,500 feet from its 
mouth, and it will eventually penetrate into the 
very heart of Mount Davidson, the center of the 
richest mining region in the world. The work, 
when completed, will add largely to the wealth of 
the State. 



WINNEMUCCA. 

This town, 4,355 feet above the sea, is in Hum- 
boldt County, Nevada, and is a place of growing 
importance, situated 324 miles east of Sacramento, 
and contains about 500 inhabitants. It is a station 
on the Central Pacific Railroad, and is connected 
by stages with Boise City, Idaho, 265 miles dis- 
tant, by way of Paradise, Buffalo, Battle Creek, 
and Silver City. There are three mills in the Win- 
nemucca mining district, all doing a good business. 
This place is the center of considerable trade, it 
being a leading shipping point for a large scope of 
country, and has three hotels and two restaurants, 
six first-class saloons, two breweries, two livery 
stables, two blacksmith and wagonmaker shops, a 
public school with an average attendance of forty 
scholars, town hall, Odd Fellows' Lodge, drug 
store, jewelry store, physician, two lawyers, a 
minister of the gospel (Methodist) who holds reli- 
gious service in the Town Hall, and a weekly news- 
paper. This place is also the end of a Division on 
the C. P. Railroad. The Company have erected a 
roundhouse, car shop, machine shop, etc, and em- 
ploy from 150 to 250 men. 



L, P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 



96 



FISHER'S ADVERTISERS' GUIDE. 



[W. T. 



WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 



OLYMPIA. 

Olympia, the county seat of Thurston County, 
and the capital of Washington Territory, is the 
largest town on Puget Sound. It, is beautifully sit- 
uated at the head of that great inland sea, on the 
eastern bank of Des Chutes River, and is 100 miles 
from the sea coast. It is a place of much commer- 
cial importance. The line of steamers trading be- 
tween Victoria and ports on the Sound has its 
principal office at Olympia, as have also the steam- 
ers which carry the semi-weekly mails to the settle- 
ments on Puget Sound. It is the depot for the ex- 
tensive farming region of Thurston and adjoining 
counties, besides being the point of supply for the 
lumbermen in that part of the county. The present 
population is about 1100, including 150 families. 
The vote of the town in 1870 was larger by 119 bal- 
lots than the year previous. For two years the 
demand for houses has been greater than the sup- 
ply, so that the resident carpenters are kept con- 
stantly employed. Olympia has a public school 
with an average attendance of 75 scholars, and a 
private school numbering probably as many more, 
three churches, a fine town hall, engine house and 
fire company, Masonic, Odd Fellows and Good 
Templar Lodges, five newspapers, two drug stores 
and three resident physicians, dentist, five dry goods 
stores, three tin and hard ware stores, two markets, 
one boot and shoe manufactory and two shoe shops, 
one provision and feed store, two confectionery and 
fruit stands, one bakery, one foundry and machine 
shop, including wood working machinery, one 



brewery, two blacksmith shops, one telegraph office, 
one express office, three livery stables, five saloons, 
two restaurants, lumber yard, two barber shops, 
two book stores, two wagon shops, several carpenter 
shops, and many other shops and business stands. 
The families of many of the business men of Olym- 
pia reside in a suburb called Swan ton, situated 
across an arm of the bay. Tumwater, another 
suburb of the town, nearly two miles south of 
Olympia, is a manufacturing settlement, contain- 
ing a saw mill, flour mill, tannery, chair factory, 
pail factory, sash and door factory, etc., and 
has about 150 inhabitants. There is at this 
point water power sufficient to turn all the machin- 
ery required for a dense population, and ere long 
the two towns will undoubtedly be merged into 
one. The population of Thurston County is about 
2,500. The number of votes cast in 1869 was 497 ; 
in 1870 the vote of the county had increased to 
685. The assessed value of property in 1869 was 
$922,662. 



PORT TOWNSEND. 

Port Townsend^Washington Territory, is a sea- 
port of some importance, located on a small bay on 
Puget Sound, in the extreme northeastern part of 
Jefferson County, of which it is the chief town and 
the county seat. It is the port of entry for the 
Puget Sound Collection District, and the depot for 
U. S. Commissariat and Quartermaster's supplies 
for the northern posts. An immense amount of 



L. P, FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



W.T.] 



P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



97 



lumber is shipped from this point. The town con- 
tains three hotels, numerous mercantile houses. 
two churches, a public school with one hund- 
red pupils, Masonic and Odd Fellows' Lodges, 
etc. 

The Custom House statistics for the year ending 
30th June, 1870, are as follows : arrivals, 272 vessels 
of all kinds, more than half of which were foreign, 
and 248 departures. The imports from foreign coun- 
tries amounted to $33,105, upon which the duty was 
$14,326. Imports coastwise, not ascertained ; but 
this year's shipment of lumber from the Sound is 
estimated at $3,000,000 coastwise, and $266,000 sent 
to foreign ports. 

Jefferson County covers an area of 1 ,670 square 
miles, extending along the Straits of Juan de Fuca, 
and embracing Admiralty Inlet. Port Ludlow and 
Port Discovery are also in this county. The total 
population is about seven hundred. The number 
of votei's is three hundred and forty-one, and the 
taxable property $300,000. 



SEATTLE. 

Seattle, the county seat of King County, is sit- 
uated on the eastern shore of Puget Sound, sixty 
miles northeast of Olympia. During the last 
eighteen months the population has more than 
doubled, and is now over a thousand. Among 
the new buildings erected in that time are two 
churches, a public school house, three large ware- 
houses, eighteen buildings for stores, a livery stable, 
eighty -five one and two-story dwelling houses, some 
of them quite expensive structures, and fifty or 
sixty smaller tenements. Every dwelling house 
and every available place of business is occupied. 
There are in the town about twenty-five general 
stores, some of them doing business on an exten- 
sive scale ; a large steam saw mill, and a printing 

9* 



office publishing a weekly paper. The town is sur- 
rounded by saw mills which turn out a million feet 
of lumber every day, and there is an inexhaustible 
mine of superior coal within a few miles, for which 
Seattle is the port of shipment. The schools, public 
and private, as well as the University of Wash- 
ington Territory, located at Seattle, have a large 
number of pupils in regular attendance. 

King County has an area of 1,800 square miles, 
and about two thousand inhabitants. The soil is 
productive and the climate delightful. The sum- 
mers are temperate, and the winters with scarcely 
an exception are so mild that vegetation is uninter- 
rupted during all the year. 

The logging business is an important industry in 
this part of the Territory, and offers inducements to 
men of moderate means as well as to capitalists. 
As a general rule the logging camps are quite inde- 
pendent of the mills, and the loggers sell their 
cargoes where they find the best market. Many 
who arrived ou the Sound with very limited 
means are now running large camps and making 
money. 

The farming country bordering the shores of the 
Sound and rivers, is nearly all settled for a 
distance of thirty miles, but there is a large extent 
of the finest agricultural lands still unoccupied. 
The object of the early Settlers was to secure farms 
having water communication with Seattle, and thus 
it happens that some of the most valuable agricul- 
tural land still remains open for settlement. Much 
of the region near the Sound is covered with a val- 
uable growth of timber, and coal is found in abund- 
ance on both its shores. Extensive deposits of iron 
ore are found east of Seattle, near the Snoqualmie 
Pass, a depression in the mountains about three 
thousand feet above the level of the sea, and it is at 
this point that the Northern Pacific Railroad must 
cross the range. The Snoqualmie Falls afford 
abundant water power for manufacturing purposes. 
Puget Sound is navigable for the largest vessels. 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 Mew Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California, 



98 



L. P. FISHER S ADVERTISER; 



GUIDE. 



[W. T. 



STEILACOOM. 

Steilacoom, the county seat of Pierce Comity, 
Washington Territory, is situated near the head of 
Puget Sound, 16 miles by land from Olympia, and 838 
miles by sea from San Francisco. It is in the midst 
of a lumber region, and the principal business is 
connected with the lumber trade. It. has one news- 
paper, three general merchandise establishments, 
two lawyers, two physicians, three hotels, two 
livery stables, a brewery and six bar rooms. 

Pierce Couuty has a population of 1,200, and 
$600,000 of assessable property. At the recent 
election 167 votes were cast for Gariielde, Republi- 
can, and 196 for Mix, Democrat. 



VANCOUVER. 

Vancouver, the county seat of Clarke County, 
stands on a gentle rise, beautifully situated on the 
right bank of the Columbia River, one hundred 
miles from its mouth, and one hundred and twenty 
miles south of Olympia. It is at the junction of 
the beautiful valleys of the Columbia and the Will- 
amette, on the proposed reute of the North Pacific 
Railroad' and in full view of the Coast and Cascade 
mountains. The river at this point is more than a 
mile wide. It was on account of its eligible posi- 
tion that the site of Vancouver was selected in 
1824 by the Hudson Bay Company for their princi- 
pal entrepot and chief factory west of the Rocky 
Mountains, and it continued to be their leading 
trading post until 1860, when their term of occu- 
pation expired. It became a military post in 1849, 
and General Grant was at one lime stationed there 
as Quartermaster. The town contains several 
churches, some excellent schools, a United States 
garrison, a branch of the Ordnance Department, a 
Land Office, nine or ten general stores, one dry 



goods store, one grocery store, two boot and shoe 
stores, one saddlery shop, one blacksmith shop, two 
tailor shops, one bakery, one millinery establish- 
ment, several hotels, two saloons, two liquor stores, 
two livery stables, one printing office, (which pub- 
lishes a weekly newspaper) eight lawyers, and an 
Episcopal, and a Methodist clergyman. 

Vancouver has a population of about nine hund- 
red, and is connected with various routes of travel 
by regular daily steamers. It is abundantly sup- 
plied with pure water, and the climate is healthy, 
the hottest weather being tempered by daily bracing 
sea breezes. The winters are mild, and flowers 
bloom in the open air all the year round. 

The great bane of Vancouver has been the con- 
flicting land claims, first of the Hudson Bay Com- 
pany, then of the Military, and of the Roman 
Catholic Mission, besides others of lesser note. 
These misfortunes have more than counterbalanced 
the natural advantages of the place, and have driven 
settlers to Portland, of which flourishing city Van- 
couver was at one time a dangerous rival. 

Clarke County has 2,300 inhabitants, and covers 
an area of 1,400 square miles. The assessed value 
of its real and personal property is $593,086. At 
the last election Gartielde, Republican, received 404 
votes, and 312 votes were given for Mix, the 
Democratic candidate. 



WALLA WALLA. 

Walla Walla, a city of about 1,200 inhabitants, 
and the county seat of Walla Walla County, is sit- 
uated eight miles from the base of the Blue Mount- 
ains, three and a half miles from the Oregon State 
line, thirty miles from the navigable waters of the 
Columbia River, and 236 miles from Portland, 
Oregon. It is laid out in squares, on level ground, 
with the principal streets one hundred feet wide. It 
has four churches, two Masonic Lodges, one Good 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange/ San Francisco, California. 



W. T.] 



P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS' GUIDE 



99 



Templars' Lodge, one Odd Fellows' Lodge, two 
Seminaries, three day schools, two banking houses, 
ten lawyers, seven physicians, one civil eugineer, 
two dentists, two assay offices, one express office, 
one telegraph office, twelve dry goods stores, five 
provision stores, two bakeries, two tobacco stores, 
one wholesale liquor store, three tin and hardware 
stores, two drug stores, three book stores, two jew- 
elry stores, a photograph gallery, three hotels, three 
restaurants, five livery stables, two sash factories, 
three wagon shops, five blacksmith shops, four lum- 
ber yards, one cooper shop, three breweries, eight 
saloons, three meat markets, two barber shops, two 
furniture stores, one foundry, one bag factory, five 
saddler 6hops, two milliner shops, one paint shop, 
two tailor shops, three boot and shoe shops, two 
flouring mills, and one distillery. There are three 
periodicals, viz.- two weekly newspapers and the 
Walla Walla Farmer published monthly. 

Walla Walla is the center of a large farming and 
grazing country, and the market town for Walla 
Walla County and part of Umatilla County, Oregon. 
It is also the point of supply for the mining camps 
adjacent, the principal of which are Warren's Dig- 
gings and Florence, in Idaho Territory, and Shasta, 
Willow Creek, Granite and Olive Creeks, in Oregon. 
Large quantities of flour and whisky are shipped to 
these camps, and to Montana Territory, every sum- 



mer by pack trains. Many persons are engaged in 
teaming and packing who make this their home 
during the winter season. 

Walla Walla County is a vast rolling plain and 
comprises nearly the whole of the Walla Walla 
Valley. It is traversed in all directions by innu- 
merable creeks and small streams, whose banks are 
covered with a considerable growth of timber. It 
has an area of 3,502,000 acres. Of this, about 600,- 
000 acres are either arable, or alluvial bottom lands, 
producing a heavy mat of bunch grass, upon which 
cattle will keep fat all the year ; the remainder is 
timber land or pasture. The soil is very uniform, 
of a rich sandy loam, and produces heavy crops of 
wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, and buckwheat. 
This section of the territory is noted for the excel- 
lent quality of its fruit, such as apples, pears, 
peaches, plums, prunes, grapes, and berries. The 
climate is salubrious, and the atmosphere so clear 
that objects miles distant appear only a few hundred 
yards away. The taxable property by this year's 
assessment is $2,550,244, and the total tax, embrac- 
ing territorial, school and county rates, is only eleven 
mills on the dollar. The county is entirely free 
from debt. The population is estimated at 7,000, 
and at the election for Delegate June, 1870, 1,197 
was the total number of votes polled, giving 143 
majority for the Democratic candidate. 



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[U. T. 



UTAH TERRITORY. 



CORINNE. 

Corinne is a Gentile (not Mormon) town in Utah 
Territory, situated on Bear Eiver, seven miles 
above the point where it empties into the Great 
Salt Lake. It is a station on the Central Pacific 
Railroad, 718 miles east of Sacramento, and 4,294 
feet above the level of the sea. The town is new, 
but the business of the place is firmly sustained by 
a large mining and stock-raising country, extending 
hundreds of miles on every side. There are ex- 
tensive mercantile and forwarding houses, saw- 
mills, brickyards, wagon shops, and many other 
industrial establishments, besides good schools, an 
Episcopal church, three churches in course of con- 
struction, a theatre,- a printing office, and a daily 
newspaper. The town contains many good build- 
ings, and water pipes will soon be laid in the prin- 
cipal thoroughfares. Stages leave daily for Idaho 
and Montana Territories, and steamers ply between 
Corinne and Salt Lake City. There are many 
thousands of acres of farming land in the imme- 
diate neighborhood of the town, and rich pastures 
extend far up among the mountains in the sur- 
ounding country. 



SALT LAKE CITY. 

This noted city is the county seat of Salt Lake 
County, and the capital of Utah Territory. It con- 
tains 25,000 inhabitants, and is situated at the foot 
of a spur of the Wahsatch Mountains, thirty-six 



miles south of Ogden, at which town it connects 
with the Overland Railroad by the Utah Central 
Railroad, built and owned by the Mormons. The 
city is laid out in large blocks, with streets 132 feet 
in width, bordered with shade trees and a stream 
of water on either side of the road. It is quite 
important as a place of business, and contains 
several extensive manufactories, including among 
others, woolen mills, tanneries, flour mills, furni- 
ture factories, a paper mill, etc. The most notable 
building in the place is the Mormon temple, known 
as the " Tabernacle," a one-story structure, 150 feet 
in width and 250 feet in length, capable of seating 
8,000 people. The arched roof is supported by 
forty-six columns of cut sandstone. There is also 
a council house, city hall, prison, theatre, etc., all 
large and well constructed buildings. There are 
three printing offices, from which issue two daily 
and three weekly newspapers. Salt Lake City is 
the center of an extensive agricultural region, its 
finances have been managed with ability, and it is 
free from debt. 

The greater part of the 65,000 square miles com- 
prised within the boundaries of Utah Territory is 
wild and mountainous. Iron ore and coal exist in 
vast quantities. The climate is pleasant, the summers 
being warm and dry, and the winters mild. Much 
snow falls in the mountains, but very little on the 
low land. The valleys are cultivated by irrigation, 
wheat being the staple product of the Territory ; 
but oats, corn, barley, and rye yield abundant har- 
vests. Cotton is raised in Southern Utah in excess 
of consumption, and much is exported. In the 



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FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE. 



101 



northern part of the Territory the orchards produce 
apples, pears, grapes, plums, peaches, etc. There 
are 226 schools with 13,000 pupils, in Utah, the 
population being estimated at 130,000. In 1868, 



the assessed value of property in the territory was 
$10,533,872, of which $4,379,652 was located in 
Salt Lake County. The Territory has no debt, 
and has money in the treasury. 



IDAHO TERRITORY. 



BOISE CITY. 

Boise City is situated on the Boise Biver, in Boise 
Valley, an extensive and fertile agricultural region. 
It is the county seat of Ada County and the capital 
of Idaho Territory. The population, formerly over 
12,000, is reduced to 4,000. The town has an ex- 
tensive trade with the mines of Idaho, and the 
neighboring agricultural country is well settled. It 
has two printing offices, each publishing a news- 
paper, three flouring mills, three distilleries, a na- 
tional bank, a large number of stores, excellent 
schools, and several church edifices. Stages connect 
with Silver City and Idaho City, with Bocky Bar, 
(Alturas County) and Umatilla, Oregon ; and with 
Elko and Kelton on the Central Pacific Bailroad. A 
United States assay office and the Territorial Prison 
are in process of construction. The United States 
troops are in garrison one mile from the city. 



IDAHO CITY. 

This town, the county seat of Boise County, and 
the second city in size in Idaho Territory, is thirty- 
six miles northeast from Boise City. It was formerly 
a very prosperous mining town, but has greatly de- 
[ creased in wealth and population, which at present 



is not more than one thousand. The trade of the 
place is dependent on the mines, and the merchants 
draw their supplies from San Francisco and New 
York by way of Elko and Kelton, stations on the 
Central Pacific Kailroad. It is connected by stage 
with Boise City, Elko and Kelton, and also with 
Umatilla, in Oregon. A semi-weekly newspaper is 
published at Idaho City. 

Boise County contains a white population of 5,000, 
and 4,000 Chinese, most of whom are miners. 
There are four quartz mills in the county in success- 
ful operation. The assessed property is $1,500,000. 
The county is finely timbered. 



SILVER CITY. 

Silver City is the county seat of Owyhee County, 
where the richest and best developed gold and sil- 
ver quartz mines in Idaho Territory are located. 
It is a straggling town of about 2,000 inhabitants, 
and covers about 80 acres on the banks of a small 
stream called Jordan Creek. It is 60 miles south 
of Boise City, the capital of the Territory, and 180 
miles north of Elko, (New) a station on the Central 
Pacific Railroad, and is between six and seven 
thousand feet above the level of the sea. The cli- 
mate is very healthy. The weather is clear and 



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delightfully pleasant in summer, but violent storms 
prevail in the winter, and snow falls to a depth of 
six or seven feet. Its chief resource is quartz min- 
ing, although the placer mines are extensively 
worked for three months in the spring, while the 
supply of water from the melting snows continues. 
The famous Poorman, Oro Fino, Golden Chariot, 
Ida Elmore and other rich mines are situated on 
War Eagle Mountain, two and a half miles from 
town, aud eleven quartz mills are in operation in 
the city and its immediate neighborhood. During 
the year 1869 the mines of Owyhee produced over 
$1,000,000. 

The buildings are mostly of granite. There is a 
court house and jail, a Catholic church, two banks, 



two assay offices, a theatre, foundry, brewery, a 
printing office publishing a weekly newspaper, 
hotels, restaurants, stores and other establishments 
usually found in a first class mining town. There 
is a well attended and liberally supported public 
school, two Lodges of Masons, an Odd Fellows' 
Lodge and one of Good Templars. A line of stages 
running between Boise City and Elko, passes 
through the town daily. 

. The country round Silver City is said to be a 
superior stock-raising region, the grass being very 
luxuriant, and the feed good nearly the entire year. 
Some of the neighboring mountain peaks are cov- 
ered with perpetual snow. 



MONTANA TERRITORY. 



DEER LODGE. 

Deer Lodge, the county seat of Deer Lodge 
County, is the largest town on the western slope of 
Montana Territory, and is rapidly increasing in size 
and population. It is 120 miles northwest of Vir- 
ginia, the capital, and 50 miles west of Helena, the 
chief commercial city. Deer Lodge is situated in a 
magnificent valley of the same name, about 50 miles 
long and from 3 to 15 miles wide. The head of 
this valley is the celebrated Deer Lodge Pass, a 
wonderful avenue through the Eocky Mountains, 
aud the prospective route of the Northern Pacific 
Eailroad. The town is on the banks of the Deer 
Lodge River, a tributary of the Columbia, and is 
located on a plateau which is a few feet above the 
river, and many miles in extent. Rising in the 



mountains in the rear and skirting the village, is a 
small stream bordered with cottonwood and shrub- 
bery, whose clear water may easily be diverted 
through the almost level streets, as at Salt Lake 
City. The streets are 80 feet wide, and the avenues 
120 feet, and cross each other at right angles. 
They are bordered with shade trees. 

The name of the county, river, valley and town 
is derived from a singular mound, a few miles dis- 
tant, which is 30- feet high and about 90 feet in 
diameter at its base. It is formed by the action of 
thermal springs. A chalybeate spring of 113 degrees 
Fahrenheit comes to the surface on its summit, the 
formation being from the overflow. A number of 
springs, ranging in temperature from 85 to 169 de- 
grees, are at its base, and in winter a large volume 
of vapor ascends from the mound. It resembles* 



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103 



afar off, an Indian lodge. The valley was the 
favorite grazing ground of white-tailed deer, eo the 
Indians called it "It Soo-kee en Car-ne" — the 
Lodge of the White-tailed Deer. The French 
translated it " La Loge du Chevreuil," and this the 
irrepressible American has reduced to " Deer 
Lodge." 

The valley is coursed by admirable natural roads, 
and is an excellent grazing country, but as yet very 
little farming has been done. The town is the nat- 
ural and actual commercial depot for Deer Lodge 
County, as well as for Missoula County, where the 
newly discovered Cedar Creek mines are located. 
The population of the two counties approximates to 
9,000, and the principal pursuit is placer mining. 
Gold was first discovered in Montana in 1852, twelve 
miles from Deer Lodge, but the amount of mining 
done until 1864 was very trifling. The total yield 
of the county to date is estimated at $24,270,000 
gold, and $100,000 silver. The receipts and pur- 
chases of gold dust at Deer Lodge amount to nearly 
one-half million dollars per month. 

Deer Lodge County has about 60 developed 
gulches, and 300 miles of public ditches, built at a 
cost of $550,000, and carrying about 24,000 inches 
of water. There are 25 or 30 flourishing little 
towns in the county. Placer mining is only fairly 
under way ; quartz is scarcely prospected. The 
anticipated yield from placers in 1870 is estimated 
at from $8,000,000 to $10,000,000, in Deer Lodge 
County alone. 

The population of the town is not over 600 or 
800, it being several miles from any worked mines. 
The resideuts are chiefly engaged in merchandising, 
manufacturing and kindred pursuits. There are 
two newspapers, two public schools with 90 scholars, 
one church, ten wholesale and retail merchandising 
houses, two breweries, one cabinet manufactory, 



numerous carpenter, blacksmith, turning and other 
shops, and 250 dwellings. There is a Hospital and 
Infirmary, and four physicians. Of the public 
buildings, the Court House cost $29,000, the Jail 
$8,000. A Masonic building, just completed, cost 
$7,000. The Territorial Penitentiary, located here, 
is under contract for $39,300 for one wing. 



HELENA. 

This place, the most important town in Montana 
Territory, has a population of 6,000, composed mainly 
of miners and merchants. The entire business por- 
tion of the town was destroyed by fire in 1869, but 
has been rebuilt, and some of the new buildings are 
fire proof. Over a half million dollars were ex- 
pended in the construction of buildings within six 
months after the fire. The court-house cost $60,000. 
Daily stages connect Helena with Corinne, on the 
Union Pacific Railroad, the distance being 482 miles. 
A daily newspaper is published at Helena. 



VIRGINIA. 

Virginia, the capital of Montana Territory, is 358 
miles north of the Union Pacific llailroad at Corinne- 
It formerly had a population of ten thousand. 
The number according to the latest report is only 
500, and the principal business men have mdved 
to Helena, 125 miles further north. The placer 
mines of this part of Montana Territory have been 
mostly worked out, and more attention is now given 
to quartz mining. There is a vast amount of fine 
agricultural land in the territory. A newspaper is 
still published at Virginia. 



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ARIZONA TERRITORY. 



PEESCOTT. 

Prescott, formerly the capital of Arizona Terri- 
tory, is situated in Yavapai District, in a fertile 
valley at the foot of the Prieta range of mountains, 
one hundred and fifty miles from Tucson, one hund- 
red and eighty-five miles from La Paz, four hund- 
red and ten miles east of San Bernardino, and 
eight hundred and sixty-four from San Francisco. 
The town is pleasantly located on a gentle declivity 
on the western hank of Granite Creek, and has a 
population of about five hundred. It has several 
trading houses, one hotel, numerous drinking sa- 
loons, etc., but no church, and only one school of 
fifteen pupils. There are double that number of 
children of school age in the town, but the Arizona 
Legislature having neglected to provide for the 
schools of the Territory, they are in anything but a 
flourishing condition. The town is prospering, and 
has a steady and healthy growth, twenty buildings 
having been erected this summer. It is now the 
military headquarters of the Arizona District, and 
the citizens have given a site for the barracks, on 
rising ground which overlooks the entire city. 

Recent accounts contradict the statements so often 
made about the soil and climate of Arizona. In 
place of the barren plains and intense heat gener- 
ally ascribed to the Territory, a correspondent of 
the San Francisco Bulletin refers to the region as 
well adapted for agriculture, much of it being very 
productive without irrigation. The summer rains 
commence in July, and the grass is green and lux. 
uriant the entire year. Mining interests are pros- 



pering, and valuable discoveries are constantly 
made by prospectors, under military escort. The 
mountains abound in timber, and are rich in miner* 
als, while the valleys have a good soil, an agree- 
able climate, and excellent water. 



TUCSON 



Tucson, Ewell County, the capital of Arizona 
Territory, is beautifully situated on a gentle eleva- 
tion extending east from the Santa Cruz River, and 
distant about one hundred miles from the junction 
of that stream with the Rio Gila. Twenty miles to 
the east of the city are the Catarina and Colorado 
mountains, the intervening country being an almost 
unbroken plain, clothed with grass and studded in 
many places with mezquit timber. By the aid of 
artesian wells for irrigation, this might be con- 
verted into a valuable agricultural district ; in its 
present state it supports vast herds of deer, ante" 
lope, and wild horses, which roam unmolested over 
its level plain. For a distance of fifteen miles to the 
west and northwest, the land is a succession of low 
hills, behind which an undulating plain extends to 
the Gila. The valley of the Santa Cruz, of which 
thousands of acres are in a high state of cultivation, 
extends to the north and south of the city. This 
valley is exceedingly fertile, yielding two abund- 
ant crops annually ; a crop of wheat or barley being 
followed the same year by a crop of Indian corn. 

Tucson is the oldest town in the Territory, having 
been established as a military post and mining camp 
by the Spaniards over a century and a half ago. As 



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105 



such, it was subsequently occupied by Mexico, 
and, at the time of the Gadsden purchase, had a 
population of two hundred. According to the 
census just taken, it contains 3,600 inhabitants, 
900 of whom are Americans and Europeans, the 
remainder Mexicans. The town coutains eleven 
general merchandise stores, two blacksmith shops, 
one drug store, one photograph gallery, one tin 
shop, one printing office — publishing one weekly 
newspaper — one hotel, two restaurants, one livery 
stable, and five saloons. A school for young ladies, 
the only school in the city, has been newly estab- 
lished by seven Sisters of the " Order of St. Joseph," 
who arrived about the first of May from St. Louis. 
It is already largely attended. The only church ed- 
I ifice belongs to the Roman Catholics, and is under 



the direct supervision of the Bishop of the Terri- 
tory. A mail and express run three times a week 
"to San Diego, California. A weekly mail and ex- 
press line runs to Northern Arizona, via Florence 
and Wickenberg ; another to the Rio Grande ; and 
another to Guaymas in Mexico, touching at all the 
towns on the route. 

The weather, during the day, in the months of 
June, July and August, is oppressively warm ; but 
the nights are cool and pleasant at all seasons. 

Arizona is generally believed to be exceedingly 
rich in gold and silver, but the bitter enmity of the 
aborigines, the Apaches, towards the whites has 
hitherto frustrated every scheme to prospect this 
country. The lead deposits, so far as known, are 
extensive and very valuable. 



ALASKA TERRITORY. 



SITKA. 

Sitka, formerly known as New Archangel, is the 
town in the Territory of Alaska, and the 
principal trading port not only for the group of is- 
lands in the Sitka region, but also for the entire ter- 
ritory, embracing an area of nearly 600,000 square 
miles. It is a seaport on the Bay of Sitka, and has 
a good harbor and a commodious wharf. The town 
is built on the west side of Bavanoff Island, one of 
the lai'gest of the Sitka group, and is surrounded 
by a chain of mountains, the tops of which are 
covered with snow the entire year. It was named 
Sitka from a tribe of Indians who call themselves 
! Sitka-hams. It is 1,500 miles north from.San Fran- 
cisco, and contains eight hundred white inhabitants, 
mostly Russians, and twelve hundred Indians. 
There are in the town two churches, Greek and 
Lutheran, two schools, Russian and American, five 



10 



mercantile establishments, several warehouses, cus- 
tom house, postoffice, one newspaper, a fishing sta- 
tion, three saw mills, three bakeries, two breweries 
and sixty whisky saloons. The population derive 
their support chiefly from the fisheries. There are 
two markets, one, American, supplies beef, mutton 
and pork ; the other, kept by an Indian, furnishes 
venison, wild fowl, fish, potatoes, etc. 

Two companies of U. S. troops are located at 
Sitka, one of artillery and one infantry. Sitka has 
a Mayor and Common Council, but no legal civil 
government, it being under military rule. The Sitka 
tribe of Indians are peaceable, the Chilcats hostile. 
The Indians carry on a profitable trade in furs, and 
many of them have accumulated property. 

St. Paul, on the island of Kodiak, the second 
place of importance in Alaska, is a fishing station, 
and is seven hundred miles north of Sitka. 

The Aleutian Islands, extending into the North 



L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 Rew Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, California. 



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L. p. fisher's advertisers' guide. 



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Pacific Ocean west of Alaska, is an interesting por- 
tion of the country. The native Aleutians are civ- 
ilized, have schools, and are not classed as Indians. 
They number about 6,000. The total population of 
Alaska Territory is about 60,000, of whom only 
2,000 are whites ; the balance are Aleutians, Indians 
and half-breeds. The principal resources of the 
country are lumber, fish, furs and game. There are 
also undeveloped mines of gold, iron, copper and 
coal. The climate is cold, and exceedingly damp. 



Rains are very frequent, and the cereals do not 
flourish ; but vegetables and fruit can be success- 
fully cultivated. There are immense quantities of 
fish in the Sitka waters, and a large revenue will 
eventually be derived from the extensive fisheries. 
The right to capture fur seals has been granted by 
Congress to a San Francisco company. The number 
of seal skins to be taken yearly is limited to 100,000, 
for which the company pay $200,000 and $50,000 
additional as rental. 



BRITISH COLUMBIA. 



VICTORIA. 

Victoria, the capital of British Columbia, incorpo- 
rated by Royal Charter, is a well laid out town con- 
taining 4,208 inhabitants according to the census 
just taken. It is beautifully situated on the southern 
extremity of Vancouver Island, opposite the mouth 
of Puget Sound, and about 850 miles north of San 
Francisco, with which port a large trade is carried 
on by sailing vessels and a regular line of steamers. 
To vessels drawing fifteen feet of water the harbor 
of Victoria is easy of access at all times, but larger 
vessels resort to the adjacent harbor of Esquimault, 
the British Naval Station three miles distant, which 
can be entered by the largest ships at all seasons of 
the year. The climate is very genial and the suburbs 
afford delightful drives on fine loads with beautiful 
scenery in every direction. The city contains the 
Government buildings, the residence of the Gover- 
nor, numerous fine edifices, substantial wharves, 
etc. It has two Episcopal, two Catholic, one Pres- 
byterian, and one Methodist church, an efficient fire 
department of four engines, (two of them steamers) 
and a hook and ladder company. There are three 



daily newspapers. A considerable business is carried 
on with Portland, Oregon, by sailing vessels and 
steamers, and also with Washington Territory, a 
steam line trading regularly between the principal 
ports on Puget Sound and Victoria. 

The first settlement of Victoria was by the Hud- 
son Bay Company in 1837. The population was 
largely increased in 1858 and again in 1862, by a 
rush of miners to the gold regions of British Colum- 
bia. Vancouver Island is exceedingly rich in coal 
and copper. Gold is frequently found in good sized 
nuggets on the bars of mountain streams, and a 
seam of auriferous quartz exists within a few miles 
of Victoria, but the chief gold diggings of British 
Columbia are on the main land in spurs of the 
Rocky Mountains. The rivers abound in fish ; the 
soil is generally fertile, and the productions of Eng- 
land and the middle States of America are success- 
fully grown in the highest latitudes. 

The white population of the colony is 5,313, and 
of Indians there are 100,000, roughly estimated. 
The colony is governed by officials sent out from 
England, but an effort is being made to have the 
government transferred to Canada. 



g-eistera.il, estdex. 



Ada County, I. T 101 

Alabaster 50 

Alabaster Cave 43 

Alameda 7 

Alameda Co 10,35,58 

Alameda, The 5t5 

Alaska Territory.. 105, 106 

Albany 80 

Aleutian Inlands 105 

Alhambra Ranch 27 

Alpine County 32, 65 

Alviso ". 57 

Amador County 20 

American Valley 44 

Antioch 7 

Areata 15 

Arizona Territory. 104, 105 
Artesian Wells, 50, 57, 62, 69 

Asphaltum 9, 24 

Auburn 8 

Austin 89 

Bachelor Valley 22 

Bakersfield 9 

Bavanoff Island 105 

Bay, Estero 59 

" Humboldt 15 

" Monterey 11 

" San Diego 50 

" San Francisco, 

50, 52, 53 
" San Luis Obispo.. .59 

" Trinidad 39 

" Vallejo 73,71 

Beet Roo.t Sugar.. ..48, 58 

Benton County 81 

Berkeley 36, 37 

Bidwell's Ranch 12 

Big Trees.. 26, 30,31, 46,63 

Big Valley 22 

Blossom Rock 53 

Blue Lake 22 

Blue L«ad 15 

Boise City 101 

Boot and Shoe Factory. 10 

Borax 22, 24 

Bridge 7, 16,34,33,48 

63, 76, 79 
British Columbia 106 



Brooklyn. 10,38 

Buena Vista 9 

Burlaps 10 

Butte County. ..12, 39, 44 

Buttes, Sutter 79 

Calaveras County... 31 

Calaveras Grove 31 

Canals 67, 68 

Carson City 90 

Castor Bean 28 

Castroville 11 

Cerro Gordo 20 

Chico. 12 

Cinnabar.. 50 

(See Quicksilver.) 

Clackamas County 84 

Clarke County, VV. T. . . .98 

Clear Lake 22, 24,25 

Coal... 26, 40,44, 69, 83, 84, 
85, 87, 90, 97, 100, 106 

Cobble Stones 1 

Coffee Tree 75 

Colusa 13 

Comstock Ledge, (Lode) 

91, 92, 93, 94, 95 

Contra Costa Co. . . .26, 40 

Copper 24,31, 44. 84. 

85, 106,106 

Copperopolis 31 

Corinne 100 

Corvallis 81 

Cotton 30,52, 75, 100 

Cotton Mills 10 

Crescent City 83 

Dairy 60, 86 

Dallas 81 

Dalles 82 

Davisville* 14 

Deaf, Dumb and Blind. 37 

Death Valley 20 

Deer Lodge City and Co. 
102, 103 

Diamonds 12 

Ditches 28, 67 

Donner Lake 35 

Douglas County 87 

Downieville 14 

Drives 11, 38,55 



Dry Dock 37, 54 

El Dorado Co 8, 43 

Electro Silicon 43 

Elko 90 

Estero Bay 59 

Eugene City 82 

Eureka. (Cal.) 15 

Eureka, (Nev.) 91 

Excelsior Canal 28 

Fai rfield 70 

Ferry 10,38, 88 

Flax 46, 63 

Floating Dock 37, 54 

Folsom 16 

Freestone 64 

Fremont Grant 26 

Fresno County 29, 30 

Fruit, Dried 17, 39,43 

Fur Seals 108 

Fuse 63 

General Grant 98 

Gilroy 17 

Gold Bluffs 39 

Golden Gate 52 

Gold Hill, (Nev.) 91 

Government Land .13.23, 
80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86 

Grain Elevator 36, 74 

Granite 9, 16, 17, 64 

Grass Valley 18, 34 

Gunpowder 22, 60, 63 

Gypsum, 24, 64 

Hamilton, (Nev) 92 

Harbor, Crescent City.. 83 
" Esquimault. . .106 

" Estero Bay 59 

" Eureka, (Cal.).. 15 

" Monterey 32 

Oakland 35 

" Portland/ O )..85 
San Diego.. 50, 51 
S.Fr'cisco..50, 53 

" San Pedro 23 

" Sitka 105 

" Vallejo 73 

" Victoria 106 

Havilah 9 

Healdsburg 19 



Helena 103 

Hollister 19 

Honey Bee 66 

Horse Railways. .10, 38, 48 
55. 56, 61 
H'idson Bay Co. 98, 98, 108 
Humboldt C'nty, (Cal.). 15 
Humboldt County, (Nev.) 
93,95 

Idaho City 101 

Idaho Territory 101 

Independence 20 

Inyo County 20 

lone Valley 20 

Iron. ..15, 44,50, 84, 85, 8S 
97, 100, 106 

Jackson 21 

Jackson County 83 

Jacksonville 83 

Japanese Colony 43 

Jefferson County. . . .96, 97 

Jones Ferry 30 

Kearsage Mine 20 

Kern County 9 

King County, (W. T.J...97 

Klamath County 38 

Knoxville Quicksilver 

Mine 24 

La Grande 84 

Lake, Borax 22, 24 

Clear 22, 24, 25 

Donner 35 

Little, (Inyo) 20 

Merritt 11,38 

Owens 20 

Tahoe 43 

Lake County 22, 24 

Lakeport 22,24 

Lakes 65 

Lander Co., (Nev.).. .89, 91 

Lane County, (O.) 82 

Lassen County 71 

Lemons 23, 28, 42, 52 

Library, Public. 18, 27, 34 
37, 37, 42, 47, 51, 51, 62, 74 

Lime 63 

Limestone. . . .23, 64, 85, 87 
Linn County, (O.) 80 



108 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Linseed Oil Works. .54, 87 

Los Angeles 23 

Los Angeles County 24 

Logging 97 

Lower Lake 24 

Lumber. . .15, 39, 42, 45, 63 

65, 72, 74, 81, 81, 86, 87 

' 97,97,98 

Mammoth Fruit and Ve- 

getables 58 

Mammoth Grape Vine . .61 

Mammoth Trees 26, 30 

31,46,63 

Marble 43,50 

Mare Island Navy Y'd. .74 

Marin County 60 

Marion County, (O.) 87 

Mariposa 25 

Mariposa Grove 26 

Mariposa Quartz Lead. .25 

Martinez 26 

Marysville 27 

Mayneld 28 

McMinnville 84 

Mean Temperature 51 

52, 69, 73 

Mendocino City 29 

Mendocino County. .29, 72 

Merced County 66 

Merced Valley 67 

Meza 52 

Millerton 29 

Mint, U. S. Branch 54 

82,90 

Mission Dolores 52 

Missions, (Jesuit) 23, £0 

52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 62 

Mokelumne Hill 30 

Monitor 32 

Montana Territory.. . . .102 

Monterey 32 

Monterey County. . .11, 19 

33, 49, 57 

Mormon Tabernacle.. .100 

Mount Dana. 25 

Davidson 93 

Kahwea 75 

Shasta 78,79 

Tamalpais 60 

Tyndall 75 

Whitney 75 

Multnomah Co., (0.).85, 86 

Napa 33 

Napa Soda Springs 33 

Navy Yard 74 

Nevada City, (Cal.) 34 

Nevada Co. (Cal.). . .18, 35 

Nevada, (State).. .- 89 

Kew Almaden Quicksilver 
Mines 62 



New Idria Quicksilver 

Mines 30 

Oakland 10, 35 

Oakland Cotton Mills ..10 
Oakland Ferry.. . .7, 10, 38 

Ogden 100 

Olive Oil 24 

Olives 23,28,52 

Olympia 96 

Oranges... 21, 24, 28, 42, 52 

Oregon 80 

Oregon City 84 

Orleans 38 

Ormsby County, (Nev)...90 

Oroville 39 

Owen's Lake 20 

Owen's River Valley . . .20 
Owyhee Co. (I. T.) ....101 

Owyhee Mines 102 

Pacheco 40 

Pajaro Valley 76 

Paper Mills.. 62, 63,85,100 
Paso Robles Springs . . .59 

Peanuts 39 

Petaluma .40, 64 

Petroleum 9, 16 

Piedmont 11,38 

Pierce Co. (W. T.) 98 

Pipe, Asphaltum 7 

Placer County 8 

Placerville 42 

Plumas County 44 

Plumbago 24 

Polk County, (O.) 81 

Poppy Oil 25 

Pottery 8,10,41 

Portland 85,98,106 

Port of Delivery 73 

Port of Entry ...85 

PortTownsend 96 

Prescott, (A. T.) 104 

Puget Sound .96, 96, 97, 106 

Quick Growth 19 

Quicksilver.. .22, 24, 30, 34 
50, 57, 62 

Quincy 44 

Raisins 17, 39 

Railroad, California and 
Oregon. . .12, 45, 65, 73 
78, 80 
Railroad, California Cen- 
tral 8, 16 

Railroad, California Pa- 
cific. .14, 19, 45, 48, 70 
73, 77, 79 
Railroad, Central Pacific. . 
8, 18, 36, 47, 57, 58, 67 
69, 73, 82, 93, 95 
Railroad, Colusa & Grass 
Valley 13.18 



Railroad, Los Angeles and 

San Pedro 23 

Railroad, Napa 33 

Railroad, Oregon Central . 
82, 85, 87, 88 

Railroad, Oroville 39 

Railroad, Sacram'nto Val- 
ley 16 

Railroad, S. Francisco and 

Alameda 58 

Railroad, S. Francisco and 

Humboldt Bay.. 41, 64 

Railroad, S. Francisco, S. 

Jose and Gilroy 17, 57 

Railroad, San Jose and 

Alviso 57 

Railroad, San Quentin and 

San Rafael 60 

Railroad, Southern Pacif- 
ic 51 

Railroad, Stockton and 

Copperopolis 69 

Railroad, Suisun and Ber- 

reyesa 70 

Railroad, Utah Cent'1.,100 

Railroad, Virginia and 

Truckee..90, 92,93,94 

Red Bluff. 45 

Redwood City 45 

Reno 93,94 

Roseburg 86 

Russian River 72 

Russian River Valley 

19, 72, 73 

Sacramento , 46 

Sacramento Co. .16. 48, 49 

Salem 87 

Salinas 49 

Salinas River 11,49 

Salinas Valley 11,49 

Salt 58,84,87 

Salt Lake City 100 

San Antonio Creek ...10 
38,58 

San Bernardino Co 50 

San Diego 51 

San Francisco 52 

San Francisco County.. 54 

San Joaquin County — 69 

San Joaquin Valley. .7, 30 

66, 67,^8, 71, 75 

San Jose 55 

San Juan 67 

San Leandro 57 

San Luis Obispo 58 

San Mateo County 46 

San Rafael 59 

San Sabra Iron Mines. . 15 

Santa Barbara 60 

Santa Clara 61 



Santa Clara County. . . 17 
28, 56, 57 

Santa Clara Valley 19 

56,62 

Santa Cruz 62 

Santa Cruz Co 63, 76 

Santa Rosa 63 

Sawyer's Bar 38,39 

Scott's Valley 22 

Sealskins 106 

Seattle 97 

Sea Wall 53 

Shasta 64 

Shasta Valley 78 

Ship Yards. . .16, 37, 68, 74 

Sierra County 15 

Silk.. 8, 9,14,23,28,35,43 

58,61 

Silver City, (I. T.). ....101 

Silver Mountain 65 

Siskiyou County 78 

Sitka 105 

Smelting Works 90 

Snelling 66 

Snoqualmie Pass 97 

Solano Co — 70, 73, 74. 75 

Sonoma Co 19, 41, 64 

Sonora 67 

Springs, Geyser 19, 64 

Hot 59,61,64 

74,90 
Hot Sulphur... 14 

" Mud 59 

" Napa Soda 33 

Paso Robles... 59 
" Piedmont.. 11, 38 
" Sta. Barbara.. 61 

" Skaggs' 19 

" Soda 33 

Sulphur.... 11, 14 

38, 59, 90 

White Sulph'r. 11 

Stanislaus County 71 

State Capitol 47 

State Insane Asylum 69 

State Prison 60 

State University. 36 

Steilacoom 9S 

Stockton 67 

Stockton Canal 68 

Storey Co. (Nev.).91, 93, 95 

St. Paul 105 

Street Railways. .10, 38, 48 
55, 56, 61 

Sugar Cane 52 

Suisun 79 

Sulphur 14, 22, 87 

Summer Resorts. . 7, 11, 14 

• 25, 38, 57, 59, 62 

Sutro Tunnel 92, 95 



GENERAL INDEX 



109 



Sutter Buttes 79 

Sutter County 79 

Sutter, General 79 

Susanville 12, 71 

Swanton 96 

Tea Plant 43 

Tehama County 45 

Temperature, Mean 51 

52, 69. 73 

Teredo 36, 74 

Thurston Co. (W. T.). . .96 

Tin 24,50,52 

Trinidad 39 

Triuitv County 77 

Tucson. (A.T.) 104 

Tulare County 75 

Tulare Lake 75 

Tumwater 96 

Tuolumne City.. 71 

Tuolumne County 67 



Ukiah City 72 

Umpqua River 87 

Umpqua Valley 87 

Union County, (O.) 84 

Unionville 93 

University of California. 30 

" of the Pacific. . 

56,62 

" of Washington 

Territory ..97 

" Willamette.. 87 

Utah Territory 100 

Vallkjo 73 

Valley, Death 

Deer Lodge.. 102-3 
" Crand Ronde...84 

" Merced ..67 

" of the Santa Cruz, 

(A.T.) 104 

" Rogue River 83 



Valley, Russ. Riv..l9, 72, 73 

" San Joaquin.. . . 7 

30, 65, 67, 68, 75 

" Santa Clara. .. .19 

56,62 

" Shasta 78 

" Umpqua 87 

Upper Lake. ...22 
Willamette.. 81. 88 

Vancouver Island 106 

Vancouver, (W. T.) 98 

Victoria 106 

Virginia City, (Nev.)...93 
Virginia, (Montana).. .103 

Visalia 74 

Walla Walla 98 

Wasco County, (O.). . . .82 

Washington Territory. .9*1 

Water Power 17, 24, 72 

80, 83, 84, 84, 85, 88 



Watsonville 76 

Weaver Basin 76, 77 

Weaverville 76 

Whalers 33,51 

White Pine ''c-unty 92 

Willamette Valley.. 81, 88 I 

Wilmington 23 ' 

Winnemucca 95 

Woodland 77 

Wood's Dry Diggings. . .8 

Woolen Mills. .27, 48, 54 

57, 66. 82, 88, 100 

Yamhill Co. (O.) 84 

Verba Buena 53 

Yolo County 77 

Yosemite 26 

Yreka 78 

Yuba City 79 

Yuba County 28 



TO ADVERTISERS 



I will arrange for Advertisements to be inserted in any newspaper pub- 
lished in the United States, Europe, Australia, Japan, and China. 

L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, 
Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, California Stree t 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



10* 



L. P. FISHER'S LIST OF NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS 

Published on the Pacific Slope, October 1st, lS'ZO. 


CALIFORNIA. 




Where Published. 


Name of Publication. 




County. 


Town. 


Issued. 


Alameda .. 


Alameda i 

Brooklyn | 




Weekly. 


Independent 




Daily. 


(( 






u 


if 




<( 


I, 






Weekly. 










Silver Mountain 

Jackson 


Chronicle 


«< 




Dispatch 


n 






i, 


Butte 


Chico , 

Oroville 


Northern Enterprise 


i, 




it 




Mokelumne Hill 




a 




Sun 


IC 




Antioch 




it 






it 








It 






Expositor . 


tl 




Eureka 


It 






>t 




Independence 

Bakersfield 




It 






tl 






tl 




Lakeport 

Lower Lake 




It 




Bulletin 


11 






11 








Daily & W. 






Star 




San Rafael, 




Weekly. 














a 








a 




Mendocino City 

Ukiah City 




a 






it 








it 








a 








a 


( , 






a 


t , 






i< 


i, 


Salinas 




ii 


(f 


Echo 


i< 








ii 






Reporter 


ii 






Daily 

Daily & W 
Daily. 








u 




Transcript 



Gala.] 



P. FISHER S ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



111 



LIST OF NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS — Continued. 



Where published. 



County. 



Placer. 



Plumas 

Sacramento. 



San Bernardino. 
San Diego 



San Francisco 



Town. 



Auburn 

Quincy 

Folsom 

Sacramento 

San Bernardino 
San Diego 

San Francisco.. 
« << 



Name oe Publication. 



Herald 

Stars and Stripes 

National 

Telegraph 

Bee I 

Journal 

Railroad Gazetteer 

Record 

Rescue 

Sacramento Reporter 

Union 

Guardian 

Bulletin 

Union. 

Abend Post 

Alaska Herald.- 

Alta California 

Billiard Echo 

California Christian Advocate 

California Demokrat 

California Farmer 

California Medical Gazette . . . 

California Police Gazette 

California Staats Zeitung 

California Teacher 

Calumet 

China Mail 

Commercial Herald 

Commercial Record 

Courrier de San Francisco 

Court and Law Guide 

Dial 

Eco della Patria 

El Tiempo 

Elevator 

European Mail 

Evangel 

Evening Bulletin 

Examiner 

Figaro 

Freight Circular 

Golden City 

Golden Era 

Grand Army Gazette 

Guide 

Hebrew 

Hebrew Observer 

Irish News 

La Sociedad 

La Voce del Popolo 

La Voz del Nuevo Mundo. . . . 

Law Bulletin 

Le National 



Issued. 



We'ekly. 



Daily & W. 

Tri-weekly. 

Monthly 

Daily. 

Monthly. 

Daily & W. 

Weekly. 



Daily & W. 
Bi-monthly. 
Daily & W. 
Monthly. 

Weekly. 

Daily. 

Weekly. 

Monthly. 

Weekly. 

Monthly. 

Weekly. 

Monthly. 

Weekly. 

Tri-weekly. 

Daily & W. 

Daily. 

Monthly. 

Semi-w'ldy. 

Tri-weekly. 

Weekly. 



Daily & W. 

Daily. 

Monthly. 
Weekly. 

Bi-monthly. 
Tri-weekly. 

Weekly. 



Semi-w'kly- 
Tri-weekly. 
Weekly- 
Quarterly. 
Weekly. 






112 



SHER S ADVERTISERS 



LIST OF NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS— Continued. 



Where Published. 



County. 



San Francisco. 



San Joaquin 



San Luis Obispo. 



San Mateo 

Santa Barbara. 



Santa Clara. 



Town. 



San Francisco.. 

<« a 

<< << 

<< a 

it << 

<< (< 

<( << 

<< <« 

Stockton 

San Luis Obispo 

Redwood City . 
Santa Barbara. 
<< it 

Gilroy 

Mayneld 

San Jose 



Name oe Publication. 



[ Cala. 



Living Way 

Masonic Mirror 

Mining and Scientific Press 

Monitor 

Morning Call 

New Age 

News of the World 

Occident 

Old Dominion. 

Our Mazeppa 

Overland Monthly 

Pacific 

Pacific A ppeal 

Pacific Business College Review 

Pacific Churchman 

Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal 

Pacific Youth 

Pioneer 

Real Estate Advertiser 

Real Estate Circular 

San Francisco Chronicle 

San Francisco Market Review. ...... 

San Francisco Maritime Register 

San Francisco News Letter 

Settler's and Workingman's Journal 

Social Circle 

Social Voices ,, 

Sonntags-Gast 

Spare Hour 

Spectator 

Spirit of the Times 

Stock Circular 

Stock Report 

Trade of the Pacific 

Transcript of Records 

University Journal 

Woman's Journal 

World's Crisis 

Wreck Register 

Gazette 

Herald ».... 

Independent 

Pacific Observer 

Republican..' 

Democratic Standard 

Tribune 

Gazette 

Press. 

Times 

Advocate 

Enterprise 

Argus 

Independent 



Issued. 



Monthly. 
Weekly. 



Daily. 

Weekly. 

Monthly. 

Weekly. 

Monthly. 

Weekly. 

Monthly. 

Weekly. 

Monthly. 
Weekly. 
Monthly. 
Weekly. 

Monthly. 

Daily. . 
Weekly. 



Monthly. 
Weekly. 



Daily & W. 

Quarterly. 

Daily. 

Monthly. 

Weekly. 

Semi-m'hly 

Annually. 

Weekly. 

Daily. 

Daily & W. 

Weekly. 

Daily & W. 

Weekly. 



Daily. 





Oregon.] 


L. P . FISHER 


's advertisers' guide. 


113 


LIST OF NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS— Continued. 


Where Published. 


Name of Publication. 


Issued. 


County. 


Town. 


Santa Clara 


San Jose 




Weekly. 
Daily & W. 
Weekly. 




Santa Clara 


Patriot 


Santa Cruz 




News 


Santa Cruz 

Watsonville 




; 


<< it 






Shasta 

Sierra 


Shasta 




Downieville 










Siskiyou 


Yreka 










Solano 


Suisun 






Vallejo 




Daily & W. 

Weekly. 
Daily. 
Weekly. 
Daily & W. 


tt 






(< 


a 




Sonoma 


Healdsburg 






Petaluma 




<< 




« 


Santa Rosa 






; 


Stanislaus 


Tuolumne City 

Yuba City 




Sutter 

Tehama 




Red Bluff 










Trinity 


Weaverville 




Tulare 


Visalia 


Delta 


<< 






Tuolumne 


Sonora 




Yolo 


Woodland 




<< 




Mail 




Marysville 




Daily & W. 
Daily. 


t< 




Baker 


Baker City 


)REGON. 


Benton 


Corvallis 








Clackamas 


Oregon City 






Roseburg 




Jackson 




Plaindealer 


Jacksonville 




" 




Lane 


Eugene City 




" 






Linn . 


Albany 








Marion 


Salem 




Monthly. 
Daily & W. 
Weekly. 
Daily & W. 
Daily. 
Weekly. 


" 






" 


(( 




" 






Portland 


Bulletin 


'< 






'< 


a 




" 


a 













114 



I,. P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



[Nevada, etc. 



LIST OF NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS— Continued. 



Elko 

Humboldt. 
Lander 



Lincoln. 
Ormsby. 
Storey... 



Wasboe 

White Pine. 



King 

Pierce 

Thurston. 



Walla Walla. 



Box Elder. 
Salt Lake. 



Ada. 



Boise 

Owyhee*. 



Where Published. 


Name op Publication. 




County. 


Town. 






Portland.. ... 4 




Daily & W. 






it 


u 




Weekly. 


Polk 


Dallas 










u 




Dalles 




« ( 


Yamhill 


HcMinnville 


Pacific Blade 


<< 



Elko. 



Unionville . . . 
Winnemucca. 

Austin 

Eureka 

Pioche City. . 
Carson City . . 
Gold Hill.... 
Virginia City. 

Reno 

Hamilton 



NEVADA. 

Chronicle 

Independent 

Silver State 

Register 

Ree.se River Reveille.. 

Sentinel 

Ely Record 

Appeal 

News 

Enterprise 

Crescent 

News 



W ASHINGTON 

Clarke Vancouver Register . . 

Argus 



TERRITORY. 



Jefferson Port Townsend 



Seattle 

Steilacoom 
Olympia.... 



Walla Walla. 



Intelligencer 

Western S*ar 

Pacific Tribune 

Washington Standard. 

Temperance Echo 

Transcript 

Farmer 

Statesman 

Union 



UTAH 
Corinne 

Salt Lake City 



ID 

Boise City... 



Idaho City 

Silver City 

MO** T 



TERRITORY. 

Utah Reporter 

Deseret News 

Herald 

Juvenile Instructor 

Keepuppitchinin 

Tribune .* 

TERRITORY. 

Capital Chronicle 

Idaho Statesman 

News .' 

Idaho World 

Avalanche 

MA TERRITORY. 



Deer Lodge jDeer Lodge City. 



Independent 

New North West. 



j Weekly. 



A. T., etc. 



P. FISHERS ADVERTISERS GUIDE 



115 



LIST OF NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS— Concluded. 



Where Published. 


Name of Publication. 




County. 


Town. 








Herald . 


Weekly. 








Daily & W 
Weekly. 


Madison 


Virginia City 


Montanian 



ARIZONA TERRITOJRY. 

Ewell ITucPon I Arizonan 

Yavapai |i'rtscott | Arizona Miner 

ALASKA TERHITOKY. 
Sitka | Sitka | Times 

IB IK I T I © H COLUMBIA. 

Vancouver Island .... I Victoria I British Colonist 

" " .... " [Standard 



(Weekly. 



| Weekly. 



IDaily & W. 
I Daily. 



TO ADVERTISERS 



EASTERN STATES AND EUROPE. 



I will insert advertisements at the lowest rates in any Newspaper or 
Periodical published on the Pacific Slope. Having been in the business 
uninterruptedly since the year 1852, my facilities are surpassed by none, either 
in San Francisco or elsewhere. 

L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, 

New Merchants' Exchange, 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



LITIGANT PAPERS OF CALIFORNIA. 



Counties. 



Alameda 

Alpine 

Amador v.., 

Butte 

Calaveras , 

Colusa , 

Contra Costa 

Del 'Norte 

El Dorado 

Fresno 

Humboldt 

Inyo 

Kern 

Klamath 

Lake 

Lassen 

Los Angeles 

Marin 

Mariposa 

Mendocino 

Merced 

Mono 

Monterey 

Napa 

Nevada 

Tlacer 

Flumas 

Sacramento 

San Bernardino. 

San Diego 

San Francisco — 

San Joaquin 

San Luis Obispo. 

San Mateo 

Santa Barbara.. . 

Santa Clara 

Santa Cruz 

Shasta 

Sierra 

Siskiyou 

Solano 

Sonoma 

Stanislaus 

Sutter 

Tehama 

Trinity 

Tulare 

Tuolumne 

Yolo 

Yuba 



Papers. 



Oakland Daily Transcript 

Alpine Chronicle 

Amador Dit-patch 

Weekly Butte Kecord 

Calaveras Chronicle 

Weekly Colusa Sun 

Contra Costa Gazette 

(See Klamath) 

M ountain Democrat . 

Millerton Expositor 

Northern Independent 

Inyo Independent 

Kern County Weekly Courier. 

Northern Kecord 

Clear Lake Courier * 

Sage Brush 

Los Angeles Daily News 

Marin county News 

Mariposa Free Press 

Mendocino Democrat 

San Joaquin Valley Argus — 

(See Inyo) 

Monterey Democrat 

County Reporter 

National Gazette 

Placer Herald 

Plumas National 

Sacramento Keporter 

San Bernardino Guardian 

San Diego Bulletin 

Examiner 

Daily Herald 

Democratic Standard 

San Mateo County Gazette 

Santa Barbara Press 

Santa Clara Argus 

The Pajaronian 

Shasta Courier 

Downieville Democrat 

Yreka Union 

Solano Democrat 

Sonoma Democrat ; . . . 

Tuolumne City N ews 

Sutter Banner 

Sentinel 

Trinity Journal 

Tulare Times 

Union Democrat 

Yolo Democrat 

Marysville Standard 



Location. 



Oakland 

Silver Mountain 

Jackson 

Oroville 

Mokelumne Hill 

Colusa , 

Pacheco 



Placerville 

Millerton 

Eureka 

Independence 
Bakersfield . . . 

Orleans 

Lakeport 

Susan ville 

Los Angeles.. . 

San Ratael 

Mariposa 

Ukiah 

Snelling 



Monterey , 

Napa City » 

Nevada 

Auburn 

Quincy 

Sacramento 

San Bernardino. 

San Diego 

San Francisco . . 
Stockton — 
San Luis Obispo 

Bed wood 

Santa Barbara.. 

San Jose 

Wat' on ville 

Shasta '. 

Downieville 

Yreka ' 

Vallejo 

Santa Kosa 

Tuolumne City. . 

Yuba City 

Red Bluff. 

Weaverville 

Visalia 

Sonora 

Woodland 

Marysville 



Issue. 



Daily . . . 

Weekly. 



Weekly . 



Weekly 

D'y & W'k. 
Weekly 



Saturday. 
Wend'y .. 
Th'rsday. 
Saturday. 
Tuesday. . 
Saturday. 



Weekly. 

Daily . . . 
Weekly. 

Daily . . 
Weekly. 



Daily . . . 
Weekly. 



Daily 



Th'rfday. 
Saturday. 
Th'rsday. 
Wend'y .. 
Saturday. 

Friday... 
Saturday. 



I 

WEEKLY 

SOLANO REPUBLICAN,! 

SUISUN CITY, SOLANO COUNTY, OAL. 

POWERS «fc GJ.TJLJE&PTE 9 Proprietors. 

The Republican is published at the county seat of one of the richest counties in the State, | 
(being the third in amount of wheat produced, and seventh in point of assessed value) and therefore j 
offers superior inducements to advertisers. 

KATES OF ADVERTISING. 

1 year. 6 months. 3 months. 1 month. 1 week. ! 

One column $100 $60 $40 $25 $10 

One half column 55 S3 22 13 6 

One quarter column 30 20 15 9 4 

One eighth column 18 12 9 4 3 

One inch 12 7 4 2^ 2 

SUBSCRIPTION, FIVE DOLLARS PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE, 
o. b. powers. L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco. g. a. gillespie. 

N. P. BROWN. M. S. DEAL. 

BUOWlSr & DEAL, 

publishers and proprietors 

DAILY TRANSCRIPT, 

NEVADA CITY, C A. L . 



The only morning paper published in the city. No better medium for advertisers in the 

northern part of the State. 

L. 2\ FISHEB, Agent at San Francisco. 

(i ) 



THE 



LOWER LAKE BULLETIN, 

Coast Range Mountains on the Borders of Clear Lake, Cal. 



This paper is of interest to all connected with, or interested either in 

BORAX, SULPHUR, HUICKSILVER OR COPPER. 

The most extensive mines of these minerals lay in Lake County 
in the immediate vicinity of Lower Lake. 



TERMS : 

One copy one year $5 00 

Six months 3 00 

Three months 2 00 

RATES OF -fiLlTVEIRTISIUTa- : 

One square, one week 2 00 

Each additional insertion 1 00 

One square one .month 4 00 

One square three months 7 00 

Half column one year 60 00 

One column one year 100 00 

A reduction will be made to liberal advertisers/ 

Transient advertising must be paid in advance, unless accompanied with 
good references. 

Local and special notices fifteen cents per line. 

L. P. FISHER, Agent, San Francisco. X. P. NICHOLS, Publisher. 

(T) : 



I 



STOCKTON INDEPENDENT, 

DAILY AINHD ^WEEKLY, 

STOCKTON, SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY, CAL. 

THE STOCKTON INDEPENDENT 

Has been established over ten years, and has recently been enlarged and other- 
wise improved, and is acknowledged to be one of the best papers m California. 
THE ONLY MORNING PAPER IN SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY; is pub- 
lished every morning, (Sundays excepted) and is an Independent Journal— an 
advocate of free and liberal principles, alike in political, moral and religious 
affairs, and furnishes all the latest news by mail or telegraph, together with 
details of local intelligence. 
A DAILY MJEPOBT OF THE STOCKTON MARKET, 

And daily telegraph reports of the San Francisco, New York and Liverpool quotations for leading 
a£ J^ltural staples, are also furnished. 

THE DAILY INDEPENDENT 

Is particularly devoted to the industrial interests of the State, especially of that portion em- 
braced in the San Joaquin Valley, and to aiding in developing its vast resources. 

THE WEEKLY INDEPENDENT 

Is a beautiful eight-page journal, embracing forty-eight columns, almost wholly devoted to varied and 
^tiSK^aJfAsJdlaneiuB matter." It is published every Saturday m tune for *H»*£ 
mails, and" contains a complete compendium of Eastern and Atlantic Cable ^ p acific Coast T ele 
graphic News ; able and independent editorials ; a summary of Pacific Coast and General News , a 
record of City and County matters, and a weekly review of the markets. 

Daily, per annum, by mail .... $10 00 Weekly, per annum, by mail $5 00. 
L. P. PISHEB, Agent, San Francisco. 



(3) 



TKCE 

Contra Costa Gazette, 

(ESTABLISHED IN 1858.) 

THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COUNTY, 

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY AT 

Pacheco, Contra Costa County, Cal, 



Devoted to G-eneral Intelligence, Local News, Po- 
litical, Moral, Social, and Industrial Progress; 
and the special advancement of Home Interests. 



One of the longest established journals of the State, with a large and 
general circulation throughout one of the finest agricultural counties, the 
Contra Costa Gazette affords one of the best mediums for 

LEGITIMATE BUSINESS ADVERTISERS 

who wish their notices to reach the best classes of the community. 

N. B. No Private Medical or other objectionable advertisements will 
be received. 

BUNKER & PORTER, Publishers. 

L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, San Francisco, receives orders for advertising in the Contra 
Costa Gazette. 

(4) 



THE 



Russian River Flag, 

HEALDSBURG, SONOMA CO., CAL. 
A WEEKLY FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 

PUBLISHED BY 

JOHN G. J±NF> S. S. HOWELL. 



This paper was established in 1868, and already has 

A LARGER CIRCULATION 

THAN ANY OTHER 

COUNTRY PAPER, IN CALIFORNIA 

WITH BUT ONE EXCEPTION. 



IT IS LOCATED IN ONE OE THE 

Richest Sections of the State 

AND IS, THEREFORE, 

A DESIRABLE ADVERTISING MEDIUM. 

Objectionable Advertisements will be refused at any price. 

L. P. FISHER, Agent, San Francisco; 
_ __ 



The Hong Kong Daily Press, 

A daily morning paper, published at Victoria, Hong Kong. Subscription, $2.50 per month, 
payable quarterly in advance. Extra copies, 25 cents. 



CHINESE ISSUE OF "THE DAILY PRESS," 

A Chinese Newspaper, published three times per week, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Subscription, reck- 
oned by the Chinese Calendar, $4 per annum. This paper is in large circulation amongst the Chinese, not only 
in Hong Kong, Canton and Macao, but also at all the open ports, and will be found an excellent advertising 
medium. Manager, CHANG A'LEONG, Daily Press Office. 



GREAT OVERLAID TRADE REPORT, 

A Bi-Monthly Summary published on the departure of the English Mails, containing all the intelligence of 
the fortnight, whether political, commercial, general or maritime, all market information, and Prices Current 
from all the ports of China and Japan, as also from Manila. Subscription: For ten copies or over, $7.50 per 
annum, each; under that number, $9 each; if posted from the office, $1.50 each additional. Single copies, 
fifty cents each. 

the chronicle nun directory 

FOR CHINA, JAPAN AND THE PHILLIPINES. Published annually, containing a record of all docu- 
ments, diplomatic, legal and commercial, regulating Foreign relations with those ports, as also a carefully 
revised list of all Foreign residents, with a detailed statement of public officers, firms, etc. etc.. Post Office 
rates and regulations, mail steamers, time tables, tariffs, port regulations, etc., etc. A complete Calendar, and 
all other useful information. Price, Five Dollars. 

HgHF^ Bj« IP. FISHEK, Advertising Agent, San Francisco, will receive advertisements on 
reasonable terms for the above publications. 



Just published at the office of the Hong Kong Daily Press, IMPERIAL QUARTO 

ENGLISH AID CHINESE DICTIONARY, 

"With, the Canton and Mandarin Pronunciation. 



An Anglo-Chinese Dictionary, by the Rev. W. Lobscheid, Hong Kong. For scope and practical service 
this work stands unrivaled. All the new words which the Chinese have of late years been compelled to coin, 
to express the numerous objects in machinery, photography, telegraphy, and in science generally, which the 
rapid advance of foreign relations has imposed upon them, are here given in extenso. Each and every word 
is fully illustrated and explained, forming exercises for students of a most instructive nature. Both the Court 
and Canton pronunciations are given, the accents being carefully marked on the test principle hitherto 
attained. The scope of the work is so great, and its utilarian purposes so complete, that a reference to its 
pages' enables a person who understands English to communicate effectively with natives who understand 
nothing but Chinese. In this respect the work will be found indispensable to all who wish to learn the Chinese 
language, or to do business with them ; and to the natives themselves it explains subjects fully with which 
very few indeed of them are perfectly acquainted. To parties resident in California and interested in China, 
it cannot but be invaluable occasionally. 

The work was commenced in 1864, and has actively occupied a large staff ever since. It comprises upwards 
of two thousand large quarto pages. L. P. FISHER, Agent in San Francisco, and for sale by 

ROMAJS" &. CO. ) 

BAJVCHOJTT & co. [ f «« k * elle ™> 

_„ I San Francisco. 

PAYOT & CO. ) 



( 6 ) 



Red Bluff Independent, 

PUBLISHED AT 

RED BLUFF, TEHAMA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 



C. JO. WOODMAN, Proprietor. 



Subscription, $4.00 a year. Advertisements inserted at reasonable rates. 
L. P. FISHER, Agent, San Francisco. 



WEEKLY COURIER, 

BAKERSFIELD, KERN COUNTY, CAL. 



Started at Havilah, in August, 1866 ; removed to Bakersfield in December, 1869. 



THE OOTTIRIIBIR, IS 

Devoted to Agricultural Interests, 

Being located in one of the best Agricultural Districts in the State. 
L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco. A. D. JONES & CO. 

( 7) 



WEEKLY 

OREGON STATE JOURNAL, 

EUGENE CITY, OEEGON, 

Has the largest circulation, is the oldest paper, and is the best advertising 
medium, in Middle Oregon. 

SUBSCRIPTION, . . THREE DOLLARS A YEAR. 

ADVERTISING BATES. 

Three dollars per square of the space of ten lines minion type, first insertion ; 
one dollar per square for each subsequent insertion. Liberal rates to yearly 
advertisers. Payment in advance. 

H. R. KINCAID, Editor and Proprietor* 



THE NAPA B.I2GESTE2R, 

Published weekly in Napa City, Cal., by R. D. HOPKINS & CO. 

TERMS, FOUR DOLLARS PER YEAR. 

The Register is the leading paper in Napa County, has a large circulation in Napa and adjoining 
counties, and is the official paper of the County. Has a fine Job Office, and executes all kinds of 
Job Printing at San Francisco Prices. The Register is Republican in politics. 
JL. P. FISHER, Agent, San Francisco. 



THE MOST EXTENSIVELY CIRCULATED AND THE 

LARGEST PAPER IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA. 



ROBERT NIXON, Editor and Proprietor. 

L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, San Francisco, will contract for Advertising in the Yreka 
Journal at Reasonable Rates. 

( 8 ) 



CASTROVILLE ARGUS, 

CASTROVILLE, MONTEREY COUNTY, CAL. 



It is the best Medium of Advertising. Its circulation is increasing rapidly, 
and it has been pronounced the best country paper in the State. 

GEO. E. GEIFFIN, Publisher. 



SUBSCRIPTION, IN ADVANCE, FIVE DOLLARS PER YEAR. 



L. P. FISHER, Agent, Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. 



THE 



JOURNAL AND ARGUS. 

PETALUMA, SONOMA COUNTY, CAL. 



HAVING THE LARGEST CIRCULATION 

Of any paper in the county, furnishes the 
In this section of the State. 

L. P. Mer, Agent, San Francisco, we stow & guild, Proprietors. 

( 9 ) 



REESE RIVER REVEILLE 

AUSTIN, IVETVADA. 

ESTABLISHED ZMZ-A.Y, 1863. DAILY OIDTILYY- 

Oscar L. C. Fairchild, Proprietor. 



A good Advertising Medium. Only paper in Lander County. 

Ordinary Advertising, $5 per square, per month. L. P. Fisher, San Francisco Agent. 



MUller-ton, Fresno Co., Cal. 

coTTisnr-'sr omaiA.n. press. 

TERMS : One Year (In Advance) $5 00 

BATES OF ADVERTISING: 

One Square One Time $2 00 

Each Additional Insertion 1 00 

L. P. FISHER, Agent, San Francisco. 3E»©t©ars» t£s Go m9 ZE=»"U."fc>Xi stivers. 

MARIN COUNTY JOURNAL, 

JEROME A. BARNEY, Publisher, 
SAN RAFAEL, MARIN COUNTY, CAL. 

The Journal being the only newspaper published in Marin County, the 
greatest Dairy county in California, and having a large circulation therein, pre- 
sents rare inducements to Advertisers. 

Terms of Subscription : $4.00 per annum ; $2.50 for six months ; f 1.25 
for three months. 



L. P. Fisher, Agent in San Francisco, and Hudson & Menet, Agents 
in New York, will receive advertisements and subscriptions therefor. 



(10) 



Grass Valley Daily Union 

Grass Valley? Nevada County, Cal. 
CHARLES H. MITCHELL, Proprietor. 



THE DAILY TJJVIOINT 

Is the largest and best Newspaper published in Nevada County, or in the mountains of California. 
Having an extensive local circulation, and being the only paper printed in Grass Valley, the largest 
and most prosperous Quartz Mining town in the State, it offers superior facilities as an advertising 
medium. ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED AT REASONABLE RATES. 



TEIRIMIS OF THE 3D AIL Y TJ2STI03NT = 

$10 PER ANNUM ; $5 FOR SIX MONTHS, OR $1 MONTHLY. 

L. P. FISHER, Agent, Sari Francisco. 



FOLSOM TELEGRAPH 

PUBLISHED AT FOLSOM, CAL. 

(Near the borders .of Sacramento, El Dorado and Placer Counties,) Every Saturday. 

SUBSCRIPTION, $5 A YEAR. 



ADVEETI8ING EATES LIBEEAL. 



Office of the " FOOT-HILLS LAND AGENCY." 

JE*. J- HOPPER, 

Publisher and Proprietor. 

L. P. FISHER, Advertising Ag't, S. F., will contract for advertising intended for Folsom Telegraph. 

(11) 



THIS BBM DISCO UNION 

San Diego, San IMeg-o Co., Cal. 

HAS THE LARGEST CIRCULATION OF 

ANY PAPER IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 

IT IS CONCEDED TO BE 

THE REPRESENTATIVE PAPER 

Of that great and growing section of the State. 



TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. 

One year (in advance) $5 oo 

Six months 3 oo 

Per month 50 

Single copies 12^ 

DODGE & BTTSHYHEAD, Publishers, 
L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco. Corner Fourth and D Streets, San Diego. 



RATES OF ADTEBTI8I1T6. 

One Square (1st insertion) $2 00 

(2d " ) 1 00 

Per Quarter 25 per cent, oft 

Per Year 50 per cent. off. 



San Bernardino Guardian, 

SAN BERNARDINO, CAL. 



The only paper published in San Bernardino. Has a larger circulation in Arizona than any paper, 
in Southern California. Advertisements inserted on liberal terms. 

L P. FISHER, Agent, Sail FranclSCO. E. A. NISBET & T. A. TALBOTT, Proprietors. 



Amador Weekly Ledger, 

(ESTABLISHED IN 1855J 

JACKSON, AMADOR COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 

T. A. SPRINGER, Proprietor. 

This paper is widely circulated in the great quartz region of California, and 
is a desirable advertising medium. L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco. 

(12) 



A^lplne Miner, 

A WEEKLY PAPER, 

DEVOTED TO THE LOCAL INTERESTS OF ALPINE, 

TO THE GREAT SILVER MINING INTERESTS OF CALIFORNIA, 

To Mining Matters, and to everything of interest to Miners and those 

interested in Mines. 

It circulates widely among mining men throughout the United States; having over 1,000 regu- 
lar readers, who look for its weekly visits with more than ordinary interest. 

GENERAL ADVERTISING, 

(Except " private medical" and humbug, swindling lottery concerns) inserted at the rate of $1.00 
per month for each inch of space. One column for a half year, or a half column for one year, 25 
per cent, discount ; and one column for one year at 50 per cent, discount from the above rates. 
Special and Reading Notices double these rates. 

S. G. LEWIS, Proprietor, Monitor, Alpine County, Cal. 

Zj. I». FISHER, Advertising Agent, San Francisco. 



THE 

SANTA CLARA NEWS, 

Published at Santa Clara, Santa Clara County, Cal, 

BVERY SATURDAY MORNING BY 

JOHN M. SULLIVAN. 

OFFICE:— OUT FJtAJgrKXiar STREET, near the Cameron House, Santa Clara. 

Subscription $5.00 per year in advance. Advertising rates reasonable. L. P. FlSlier, AgGflt, Sail FraHCiSCO. 



VALLEJO RECORDER. 



THE PIONEER PAPER OF VALLEJO. 



The best advertising medium in Solano County, Cal. Subscription, $5.00 per year in advance. 
L. P. FiSier, AdYertiSing Agent, San. FranciSCO. Geo. A, Boor, Publisher and Proprietor. 

2 (13) 



Published every Saturday Morning by Robt. J, Steele. Office, Lewis St., Snelling, Merced Co., Cal. 

KATES OF ADVERTISING : 



TERMS : 

For One Year (in advance) $5 00 

" Six months 3 00 

" Three months 1 50 

Single Copies 12 



1 Square, of 250 ems, first insertion $1 50 

Each additional insertion up to four 1 00 

Each subsequent insertion 35 

Notices that are considered Personal will be charged for at double the above rates, and 
payment will invariably be required in advance of publication. 

Yearly and Quarterly advertisements will be inserted at liberal prices — a liberal deduction 
on the above rates being made. L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco. 



SANTA CRUZ SENTINEL. 

Published at Santa Cruz, California, 
KOOSBR Ac MePHERSON. 



County and Town Official Press, with a present actual circulation of about 
nine hundred and sixty copies. [Independent in politics] . 



WEEKLY "PAJAR0NIAN," 

WATSONVILLE, CALIFORNIA. 
OFFICIAL ORGAN OF SANTA CRUZ COUNTY. 



A LIVE PAPER, WITH A LARGE AND GROWING CIRCULATION. 

The " Pajaronian " being published on the dividing line of Santa Cruz 
and Monterey counties, circulates each way, and offers superior advantages to 
advertisers. 

C. O. CUMMINGS, Editor and Proprietor, 

WATSONVILLE, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CAL. 

L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco, 
receives advertisements for the " Pajaronian." 

* ~~'~ (14 ) 



TUOLUMNE! CITY NEWS. 



aOTTISTTY OFFICIAL FA. D? E R 
OF STANISLAUS, CALIFORNIA. 



Is the only paper in the county, and has the largest circulation of any weekly 
in the San Joaquin Valley. Published every Friday by 

L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco. J. D. SHERMAN. 



THE SAN JOSE WEEKLY MERCURY 

Published at San Jose, Santa Clara County, Cal. 

HAS THE LARGEST CIRCULATION 
Of any Paper Published in the Coast Counties, 

AND IS THE 

BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM 

iisr soTTTHEiRisr o^^x.iFOR.3sri-^. 



Size, 28 x 42, - - - - Subscription Price, $4 per Year, 

ADVERTISING AT REASONABLE RATES. 
L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco. J. J. OWEN & CO., Proprietors. 

( 15 ) 



THE SHASTA COURIER, 

Published at Shasta, Cal. 

The oldest weekly paper north of Sacramento. Established, March, 1852. 



W. L. CARTER, Proprietor. 



This old and well-established paper is published at the town of Shasta, at the head of the Sac- 
ramento Valley, the point from which radiate the great mountain turnpikes leading to Lewiston, 
Douglas City, Weaverville, Trinity Center, Scott's Valley, Yreka and Jacksonville ; also, the road 
leading to Fall River and Pitt River Valleys, which are fast filling up with permanent settlers. Ad- 
vertisers, desiring to attract the attention of the people of the extreme northern counties, cannot find 
a better medium than the Courier, as it has a general circulation throughout this extensive section. 

Advertisements sent through L. P. FISHER will receive prompt attention. 

CLEAR LAKE COURIER, 

Published every Saturday morning, at Lakeport, Lake Co., Oal. 
J. JBC. F. FARLEY Publisher and Proprietor. 



The Courier is published at the County seat, in the heart of the farm- 
ing regions of Lake County. 

AS AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM 

It cannot be excelled. Terms of Advertising may be had of L. P. FISHER, 

San Francisco, Cal. 

___ 



THE OCCIDENT, 

A First-Class Family and Religious Paper, 

DEVOTED TO 

THE CAUSE OF CHRIST. 



REV. S. WOODBRIDGE, D.D., 

Pastor of the Howard Street Presbyterian Church, San Francisco, 

EDITOR and PUBLISHER. 



Published Weekly, at 427 Sacramento Street, San Fran- 
cisco, California. 

Price, $2 SO Per Year. 



Official Press of the 16th Judicial District, in and for Alpine County. 
COUNTY OFFICIAL PRESS. 



THE ALPINE CHRONICLE, 

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY AT 

Silver Mountain, County Seat of Alpine County, Cal ; 

B Y 

1R. TML. &: A_. O. FOLGER. 

Robert M. Folger. Alex. C. Folger. 

L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, San Francisco. 

2* ( 17 ) 



EXAMINE THE BEST ADVERTISING WEEKLY 

ON THE PACIFIC COAST. 



The Scientific Press, 

AN ILLUSTRATED PACIFIC STATES JOURNAL 

OF 

Mining, Farming, Mechanic Arts and Industrial Progress. 



In regard to the value of advertising in our journal, we refer with pleasure 
to those who can speak from experience — our advertisers. Better referees, or 
more reliable names, cannot be found in the advertising columns of any newspaper 
in the world. 

Particular attention will be given to preparing engravings, and inserting 
advertisements in conspicuous, novel and attractive form. We will otherwise 
assist advertisers in getting up their notices, when desired. 

All the advertisements in the Press appear in both the Monthly and 
Quarterly Series of the Scientific Press, which ( by special arrangement ) 
are placed for free reading in the principal hotels, steamboat and steamship 
saloons, depots, and public reading rooms and libraries in San Francisco and the 
Pacific States. Many volumes are also bound, thus affording permanent adver- 
tising. 

The Press now receives the largest and best advertising patronage of any 
weekly paper west of the Rocky Mountains. 



PUBLISHED SATURDAYS, AT &<± PER ANNUM. 



DEWEY <£ CO. 

Publishers and Patent Agents, 

No. 414 Clay Street, San Francisco, Cal, 



(18 



THE GOLDEN ERA 

The oldest Literary Paper on the Pacific Coast. 

ETABLISHED 1852. Published Weekly, at San Francisco, Cal. 

TERMS = 

One Tear $5 00 

Six Months 2 50 

Three Months 1 50 

Served by Carriers 12h cents a Week. 

PETERSON'S MAGAZINE given free every 
month to all Subscribers. 



"W E E IK IL^ST 



PLUMAS NATIONAL, 

Quincy, Plumas Co., Oal, Published at the County Seat. 

Official Organ and Large Circulation. 

AID'VEIRTISIIXrG- RATES z 

One Square, first publication, $3 00. Each subsequent insertion, $1 50. 
A liberal deduction made on regular advertisements. All kinds of Job Work 
done with Neatness. 

CHARLES & WARD, Publishers. 

L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. 



( 19 



Yreka "Weekly Union 

PUBLISHED IN 

Treka City, Oal., every Wednesday morning, by WM. IRWIN. 



The YREKA UNION is the 

OFFICIAL PAPER OF SISKIYOU AND KLAIATH COUNTIES, 

AND THE 

BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM 

IN 

NORTHERN" CALIPOENIA. 

L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, San Francisco. 



The Evangrel, 

A RELIGIOUS FAMILY WEEKLY NEWSPAPER. 

Published in San Francisco, California. It is the organ of the Baptist Denomination on the 
Pacific Coast, circulating widely in 

California, Nevada, Oregon and Washington Territory. 
Terms, $4 per year, in advance. 



Northern Enterprise 

IS PUBLISHED 

Every Saturday Morning, at Chico, Butte Co., Cal. 
"W. IV- DeHaven, Editor and Proprietor*. 



Terms : One year, $5 00 ; six months, $3 00 ; three months, $1 50 ; pay- 
able in advance. L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, San Francisco. 



(20) 



THE PIOMEER f^ERUI PAPER, 

ESTABLISHED IN 1859. 



DAILY CALIFORNIA DEMOERAT, 

The only German Daily Morning Paper 

On the Pacific Coast. Contains the latest dispatches from all parts of the world 
up to the hour of going to press. Circulation larger than all other German papers, 
combined, which are published on this coast. 

STJIBSOIRIIPTIOIISr = 

$10 a year, in advance ; six months, $6 ; by the week, 25 cts. 



The weekly edition of the Demokrat, 



CALIFORNIA STAATS ZEITUNG, 

IS PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY. 

It contains FIFTY-FOUR COLUMNS of choice reading matter. 



PRICE, $5 A. YEAR, IN ADVANCE. 

FREDERICK HESS & CO. 

Publishers. 

office = 

DEMOKRAT BUILDING, Corner KEARNY AND SACRAMENTO STS., 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 
( 21 ) 



ESTABLISHED 1850 



THE OREOONIAN, 

DAILY AND WEEKLY, 

fortl^'nd, ore a on". 



It is the oldest paper on the Pacific Coast north of San Francisco, and has 

A MUCH LARGER CIRCULATION 

In Oregon, and in Washington, Idaho, Montana and Alaska Territories, than any 
other newspaper. 

It is an enterprising Journal, Republican in politics, and to advertisers 
offers facilities unequalled on the Coast for Oregon State and the Territories. 

Its daily Reports of the 

PORTLAND AND SAM FRANCISCO MARKETS, 

Carefully corrected, has induced merchants in all the interior towns to subscribe, 
without regard to politics. 



SUBSCRIPTION : 

Daily, $10 per year ; $1 per month. Weekly, $3 per year, 

HENRY L. FITTOCK, 

Publisher and Proprietor. 

L. P. FISHER is Agent for The Oregonian in San Francisco. 

(22) 



ELKO CHRONICLE 

A Semi- Weekly Republican Newspaper. 

Published at Elko, Nev., by the CHRONICLE PUBLISHING CO. 
THOMAS J. BUTLER, Editor. 

SUBSCRIPTION B^5T ^LA^XXaz 

One Year |§ 00 

Six Months 5 00 

Three Months 3 00 

RATES OF ^^3D"V"ER,TISIlSrC3- : 

One Square, fourteen lines Nonpareil, first insertion, $4 00. Each subsequent insertion 
$2 00, with the usual deductions according to time and space. 

l. p. fisher, Agent, s. f. w. B. TAYLOR, Business Manager. 

NORTHERN INDEPENDENT, 

PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY 

AT 

EUREKA, HUMBOLDT BAY, CAL. 
OFFICIAL ORGAN 

— FOR — 

Humboldt, Klamath and Del Norte Counties. 

Has a large circulation, and is extensively taken by LOGGERS, MILLMEN and FARMERS, and 

is, consequently, a 

L.p.nsHER,Agent,sF. Splendid Advertising Medium. 



(23 ) 



THE 



UTAH REPORTER, 

A. LIVE NEW8PAPEE 

PUBLISHED 

DAILY AND WEEKLY, at Corinne, Utah Territory. 



THE ONLY 

GENTILE, OB ANTI-MORMON PAPER 

Published in the Territory, and has the 

MOST EXTENSIVE CIRCULATION 

IKT THE 3VrOT7KrT^-I]NrS. 



ADVERTISING RATES LIBERAL. 



L. P. FISHER, Rooms 20 and 21 Merchants' Exchange, California St., 
is our authorized Agent for San Francisco. 

O. D. HUYCK & CO. 

Proprietors. 

"(24 ) 



SANTA CLARA INDEX, 

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY 

The Index Publishing Company, 

at Santa Clara, Santa Clara County, Cal* 



SUBSCRIPTION : One Year by Mail, ------ $4 00 

Two Copies to different Addresses, - - - • - - - - 7 00 



Rates for Advertising at prices to suit the times. Liberal reduction to 
regular Advertisers. 

L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' 
Exchange, San Francisco. 



SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 
A RELIGIOUS FAMILY JOUMWAL, 16 PAGES. 

A good medium for Advertising. Subscriptions $8.50 a year. 

E. THOMAS, Publisher, 711 Mission Street, San Francisco. 



Napa County Reporfer P 

AN INDEPENDENT DEMOCRATIC JOURNAL, 

Published every Saturday, at Napa City, Cal., by LANK HIGGINS. 

Terms, IPonr Dollars per Year. 

'ftie Reporter has a wide circulation in Napa and adjoining counties, and is the legal paper 
of Napa County. Connected with the establishment is a well stocked Job Office. 

L. P. Fisher, San Francisco, will contract for advertisements to be published in the Napa 
County Reporter. 

8 (25) 



The Santa Barbara Press 

AN INDEPENDENT JOURNAL, 

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF 

Santa Barbara County in Particular, 

AND OF 

Southern California in General. 



THE SANTA BARBARA PRESS 

Is not the organ of any sect, party or class, but aims to promote the welfare of all 
people, and of all classes and races of men. 

Taking up living issues, whether social, political, educational or religious, and 
discussing them fearlessly, unsparingly and honestly, as they bear upon the welfare 
of Southern California. 

The PRESS, the oldest newspaper published in the County, has a very large 
local circulation, and is taken by many families who read no other paper. Its 
local circulation being over five hundred, and constantly increasing. 

PUBLISHED WEEKLY. TERMS, $4 YEARLY. 

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS. 

One column, by the month $12 00 

One-half column, " " * 9 00 

Quarter column, " " 5 00 

One square, " " 2 00 

J. A. JOHNSON, Editor and Proprietor. 

L. P. Fisher, Agent, 21 New Merchants' Exchange, California St., San Francisco. 

— - — 



THE TOLO DEmOCRiLT, 

Published every Saturday, at Woodland, 

County Seat of Yolo County, in the heart of the Sacramento Valley, and the finest agricultural 
portion of California. OFFICIAL PAPER OF YOLO COUNTY. Has by far the largest circu- 
lation of any paper in Yolo, and hence is the 

BEST MEDIUM FOR ADVERTISING.' 



Subscription Price, - - $4 00 a Year. Advertising at reasonable rates. 



Every Facility for all kinds of Job Printing. 

WM, S-AXTINTDERS, 

Editor, Publisher and Proprietor. 



SANTA CLARA ARGUS, 

WM. A. JANUARY, Editor and Proprietor, 
San Jose, Santa Clara County, California. 

The Argus is a Democratic journal, published weekly, and has been selected as the medium 
for the publication of all Judicial and Legal Notices in Santa Clara County. 

L. P. FISHER and THOMAS BOYCE, Agents, San Francisco. 



WEEKM MESSAGE, 

Port Townsend, Washington Territory. 
HENRY L. SUTTON, - Publisher and Proprietor. 

Subscription, in advance, One Year, $3 00 ; Six Months, $2 00. Business 
advertisements inserted at moderate prices. L. P. Fisher, Rooms 20 and 21 
New Merchants' Exchange, California Street, San Francisco, Advertising Agent. 

( 27 ) 



THE WEEKLY 

TEMPERANCE ECHO, 

A JOURNAL FOR THE FIRESIDE, 

DEVOTED TO THE CAUSE OF 

Temperance, Education and Moral Reform, 

PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY AT 
Olympia, "Washing- ton Territory. 



*»*FOR THE TEMPERANCE ASSOCIATIONS 



L. P. VENEN, --- - - Editor. 

L. G. ABBOTT, ------_-.. Publisher. 



The Echo is the official organ of the Grand Lodge of Good Templars for 
Washington Territory and British Columbia. 

A companion for the HOME CIRCLE, and a medium of communication 
to its readers 1 of general intelligence and current news in all departments of 
business and society. 

TERMS OP SUBSCRIPTION: 

Per Annum in advance, - « - - - $300 

Half Yearly " 2 00 

J. H. MUNSON, General Agent, Olympia. 

L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, San Francisco, will contract for adver- 
tisements intended for the Temperance Echo. 

(•28 ) 



9 
THE OLDEST, MOST WIDELY CIRCULATED, 

MOST ORIGINAL, MOST ABLY CONDUCTED, 

.A-TXTIO LARGEST 

RELIGIOUS JOURNAL 

OTV THE PACIFIC COAST, 

IS PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY, IN THE CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO, BY 

A BOARD OF TRUSTEES, CHOSEN BY THE GENERAL ASSOCIATION 

OF CALIFORNIA. 

THE PACIFIC, without being partisan, or sectarian, believes in, loves, and advocates the apostolic and 
primitive polity of the churches of Christ, which made them each self-governed, and all mutually dependent 
for sympathy, counsel and co-operation; and is in general accord with the doctrines, teachings and usages of 
the Pilgrims and forefathers of New England, from whom its conductors are descended. 

It is committed to all true reforms, to all genial culture, to all elevating studies and pursuits, and advocates 
freedom in church and state, and everywhere. 

The Commercial Department of this paper is an unrivaled one. No other paper, of this character, fur- 
nishes a tithe of the information. 

THE PACIFIC goes into almost every town and neighborhood on this coast, is read by multitudes, and 
will convey any desired intelligence to twice as many people as any similar publication. 

TERMS. — For one year, payable in advance, $4. For six months, payable in advance, $2.50. 
Ten copies, $'60. 

HATES OE ADVERTISING. 

1 Month.. 2 Months. 3 Months. 6 Months. 

1 Square $2 50 $4 00 $6 00 $10 00 

2 " 5 00 6 50 8 00 15 00 

3 " 6 00 7 50 10 00 18 00 

4 " 7 00 10 00 15 00 24 00 

5 " 8 00 12 00 20 00 30 00 

i Column 10 00 15 00 25 00 40 00 

i " 15 00 25 00 35 00 60 00 

1 " 25 00 40 00 60 00 100 00 

Type used— Nonpareil. Number of lines in a square (solid)— Twelve. 

L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco. 

3* ( 29 ) 



A Sixteen-Page Weekly Literary and Family Newspaper. 

The Official Organ of the Masonic Order of the Pacific Coast. 

Terms : One Copy per Year, $3 50 in advance. 

ADFERTISI9TG KATES.- One Square, one insertion $1 00 X Column, per month 8 5 00 

One Column, per month $20 00 One Square, per month $2 00 H Column, per month 10 00 

The MIRROR circulates in every town on the Pacific Coast. Published at 
608 MARKET ST., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., by 
L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent. MASONIC PUBLISHING CO. 



■The Hebrew Observer, 

WILLIAM SAALBURG, Publisher. 

Office, 502 Montgomery St., N.E. cor. Sacramento, San Francisco, Oal, 

PUBLISHED SINCE 1855. 

Terms : per annum, (payable in advance) $5 00 ; for the Eastern States, $3 00 ; for Europe, $3 00. 



TULAME TI3VTEB) 

Visalia, Tulare County, Cal. 
R. H. SHEARER, PROPRIETOR. 



OmOIA.U PAPER iFOIR THE OOTTJSTT^T 

Subscription, $5 per year. 

L. P. Fisher, San Francisco, will contract for advertisements intended for the Tulare Times. 



THE SAN LUIS OBISPO TRIBUNE, 

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY AT 

SAN LUIS OBISPO, CALIFORNIA. 

The LARGEST CIRCULATION of any newspaper in San Luis Obispo County. 

Advertising rates moderate. H. S. REMBAUGH & CO., Publishers. 

L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, San Francisco. 

( 30 ) 



TBI WEEKLY SEATTLE INTELLIGENCER 



AND 



Weekly Seattle Intelligencer, 

Published at SEATTLE, WASHINGTON TERRITORY 

BY 

S. L. MAXWELL, Proprietor, 



Neutral in Politics, and devoted exclusively to Local Interests. As an 

ADVERTISING MEDIUM 

None excel it, as it is considered the best Newspaper in the western portion 

Of the Territory. !,. r . FISHER, Advertising Agent, San Francisco. 



THE VALLEJO CHRONICLE 

DAILY AND WEEKLY. Published at Vallejo, Solano Co., Cal. 



Has the LARGEST CIRCULATION and is one of the best ADVERTISING MEDIUMS in 
the District. It is a LIVE PAPER, and the City and County Official Press. 

E. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, Wevv Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. 

GOLD HILL DAILY NEWS, 

GOLD HILL, NEVADA. 
Published every evening (Sundays excepted). 



TERMS. — One Year, by mail or express. . . .$16 00 Six Months, by mail or express $10 00 

AGENTS.— S. M. PETTENGILL & CO., New York; HUDSON & MENET, New York; L. 
P. FISHER, San Francisco. 

(31) 



OAKLAND DAILY NEWS 

Published at Oakland, Alameda County, Cal. 
Every morning, (Sundays excepted) by WW. GAGAN, Proprietor. 

THE DAILY MEWS is the oldest established and most influential journal published in Oak- 
land, the most prosperous and promising city in California. It is Republican in politics, Independent 
in the discussion of local issues, publishes the latest TELEGRAPHIC NEWS, and contains a 
complete epitome of all matters of interest that have occurred in the city and county on the day 
previous. 

Being the terminus of the Central Pacific Railroad, and a safe harbor for the largest ships 
afloat, Oakland is making rapid strides, and in a few years will be the leading city on the Pacific. The 
population including the suburbs is 14,000, having doubled in the last three years. 

THE OAKLAND DAILY NEWS is the best advertising medium in the city. 

One Year, by Mail $5 OO 

Six JM onths, " a «> O 

Oue Week, (payable to Carrier) 15 cts. 

L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. 



THE PACIFIC TRIBUNE, 

PUBLISHED AT OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON TERRITORY, 
BY CHAS. PEOSCH & SON. 

THE WEEKLY PACIFIC TRIBUNE has the LARGEST 

CIRCULATION of any newspaper in Washington Territory, and the largest 
advertising patronage. 

THE DAILY PACIFIC TRIBUNE established in October, 
1869, is published every evening, (Sundays excepted) and is steadily increasing 
in circulation. 

The latest Telegraphic News is published in both editions. 

ADVEBTISIXG RATES ABE REASONABLE. 

i Subscription : Daily Tribune, one year, $6.00. Weekly Tribune, one year, $3.00. 
L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, New Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco. 

(32) 



WHITE PINE DAILY NEWS, 

Hamilton, White Pine County, Nevada, 

Publishes the Telegraph Dispatches. 



OISTLY PAPER I2ST WHITE 3PHSTB. 



LARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY NEWSPAPER IN EASTERN NEVADA 

FORBES & CO., Publishers. 



THE NORTHERN RECORD. 

HE WHY J. EVANS, Proprietor, 

ORLEANS, KLAMATH COUNTY, OAL. 



THE ONLY PAPER PUBLISHED IN THE ASSEMBLY DISTRICT OF KLAMATH AND DEL NORTE 



OFFICIAL PAPER OF KLAMATH COUNTY 



Has an EXTENSIVE CIRCULATION IN BOTH COUNTIES 

L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, San Francisco, will receive orders for advertising in the 
Northern Record. 

I 33) 



THE DESERET MEWS 

Salt Lake City, Utah Territory. Established, 1850. 



The OLDEST and LARGEST paper in the Rocky Mountains. Published 
every evening, except Sunday ; Semi-weekly, Tuesdays and Saturdays, and 
Weekly, Wednesdays. Daily, four pages ; Semi-weekly and Weekly, eight pages. 
Size : Daily and Semi-weekly, 22x32 ; Weekly, 82x44. Subscription : Daily, 
$10 00 ; Semi-weekly, $8 00 ; Weekly, $5 00. Circulation : Daily, 1,800 ; 
Semi-weekly, $1,500; Weekly, 5,500. 

L. P. FISHER, Room 21, New Merchants' Exchange, California St., San 
Francisco, will contract for inserting advertisements in the Deseret News. 



SANTA BARBARA TIMES 

ENLARGED. Six months old, July 30, 1870. 



CIRCULATION 60Q, -AND INCREASING DAILY. 



The Best Advertising Medium in Southern California. Briefs, Tran- 
scripts, and 

EVERY KIND OF JOB WORK 

Executed in a superior style. 

TIMES PRINTING CO. 

SANTA BARBARA, CAL. 

( 34 ) 



a? h: e 

MAYFIELB ENTERPRISE, 

AN INDEPENDENT AND GENERAL NEWSPAPER. 

It has a large circulation among the wealthiest and most influential inhab- 
itants of 

SANTA CLARA AND SAN MATEO COUNTIES, 

Also, throughout the Eastern States, Canada, Australia and England. 



TERMS: $4: 00 per Year in Advance. 
Published at Mayfield, Santa Clara County, Cal. 

W. H. CLIPPERTON, Publisher and Proprietor. 

Hi. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, San Francisco. 



THE IDA-IX/Y 

NATIONAL GAZETTE 

Nevada County, California. 

Has the LARGEST CIRCULATION of any paper in the Mining Coun- 
ties of the State. It is the litigant organ, and the only paper receiving regular 
daily Telegraphic Dispatches in the county. 

PRICE, $10 FEE, ANNUM. 



The Weekly National Gaxette 

Contains all the reading matter in the Daily. Price only $4 per annum. 

L. P. Fisher, will contract with parties in San Francisco, for advertise- 
ments intended for the Daily National Gazette. 



THE DA.ILY 

MORNING CALL 



S-A.2ST FiEt.A.isroisao,, QJ±H,. 



circulation 



19,600, 



ADVERTISING RATES : 

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS, PROFESSIONAL CARDS, Etc. 



Per Square, one month, first page $8 00 ; second page $10 00 ; third page $9 00 ; fourth page $6 00. 

New Advertisements $1 for each insertion, per Square. 

Eight Lines of solid Agate constitute a Square, and twenty-four insertions constitute a month. 

Advertisements inserted three times a week are charged two-thirds, and those inserted two 
times a week, one-half of the monthly rate of the page on which they are published. 

No deduction from the above rates is made for advertisements running a great length of 
time, or occupying considerable space, our terms being per square and per month. 



Monterey 

Published at Monterey, the County Seat of Monterey Co,, Oal. 

It is the Official Paper of the County, and the Litigant paper. 

It has been established three years, and its circulation reaches every part of the County. 

As an advertising medium, therefore, for general purposes, it is preferable to any other paper 
published in the County. The County itself is one of the largest in the State, containing great 
tracts of arable land, possessing an active and rapidly increasing population, and a number of thrifty 
towns. L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, Rooms 20 and 21 New Merchants' Exchange, S. F. 



THE CARSON DAILY APPEAL 



CARSON CITY, NEV. 



j Is published every morning, Mondays excepted, by 

ROBINSON & MIGHELS, Proprietors. 

HENRY R. MIGHELS, State Printer, Editor. It is the Official Organ of the State, and pub- 
lishes the laws of the United States. Circulation, 500 copies. L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco. 

( 86 ) 



THE BULLETIN, 

S-A.3ST FBAWCISCO, CA-L. 
THE LEADING NEWSPAPER OF THE PACIFIC COAST. 

Publishes Morning, Evening, "Weekly and Overland "Weekly Editions. 



Circulation of Daily, ------- 11,424 

" '< Weekly, 5,208 

ADVERTISING HATES : 

[PER MONTH and PER SQUARE.] 

IN BOTH DAILY EDITIONS-— First page, $10 oo; Second page, $19 50; Third page, $12 00; 
Fourth page, $6 00. 

IN BOTH WEEKLY EDITION S.-Si So per Square, each insertion. 

" New Advertisements" $1 00 per Square, each insertion in the Daily editions. 

Nine Lines of solid Agate constitute a Square, and twenty-four insertions constitute a month. 

Advertisements inserted three times a week are charged two-thirds, and those inserted two times a week, one-half 
of the monthly rate of the page on which they are published. 

No deduction from the above rates is made for advertisements running a great length of time, or occupying consid- 
erable space, our terms being per square and per month. 

8. F. BUL.r.ETTKT CO., Publishers. 



Official Paper of El Dorado County. 



THE MOUNTAIN DEMOCRAT 

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY, AT 

Placerville, El Dorado Oo., Cal. 



KIES & CAY STILE, PBOPBIETOBS. 

The Mountain Democrat is the oldest Democratic paper in California, or 
on the Pacific Coast, with one exception, and has an extensive circulation 
among Business Men, Miners, Horticulturists and Viniculturists throughout the 
foot-hills and mountains, and a general circulation throughout the State, render- 
ing it one of the very best advertising mediums in the interior. Terms, five 
dollars per year. 

ADVERTISING AT REASONABLE RATES. 

L. P. FISHER will make terms for San Francisco Advertisements. 

4 (In 



THE 



SALT EAO HERALD, 

Daily and Semi-Weekly, 

SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, 

JOHN T. CAINE. E. L. SLOAN. W. C. DUNBAR. 

EDITOBS .AJSTID PUBLISHEES. 



The Herald is the largest Daily, and ONLY MORNING, paper published 
in Salt Lake City, and is the secular and commercial paper of Utah Territory, 
independent in religion and politics, has a large and rapidly increasing circu- 
lation, as an Advertising Medium, it has no superior in the Rocky Mount- 
ains. 

Subscription Daily, - - - - $8 oo a Year.* 

" Semi-Weekly, - - - 400 " 

Advertising Rates Moderate. 

The following Advertising Agencies are authorized to receive Advertise- 
ments for the Herald: 

Hudson & Menet, and S. M. Pettengill & Co/, New York. 
S. M. Pettengill & Co., Boston. 
Cook, Coburn & Co., Chicago, 111. 

L. P. Fisher, Rooms 20 and 21 Merchants' Exchange, San Francisco? 
where files of the Herald can always be found. 

(38) . 



&$T~ TA A T\ VTTRTTQT7T? Q ... La Voce del Po P° l ° is published every Friday, 

2^f= L\J ixly V Xl/IiJL10nirik3«" , ""and is the largest Italian Newspaper on the 
American Continent. It has the most extensive circulation in San Francisco, and throughout the 
States of California, Oregon and Nevada ; Washington, Idaho, Arizona and Colorado Territories ; 
Central and South America ; Mexico, British Columbia, Eastern States, Europe, Australia, China and 
Japan. La Voce del Popolo is patronized by almost every Italian, Swiss and Slavonian business 
man on the Pacific Coast. It therefore commends itself to Advertisers who wish to bring their bus- 
iness before all classes of these industrious people. — Advertising rates very moderate. — Subscrip- 
tion: One year $5, Six Months $3, Three Months §1.50. 

Dondero & Cerasco, Publishers, 629 Washington Street, San Francisco. 



the GiiaRoir advocate 

An Independent Paper, Published every Saturday by 

MURPHY & KNOWLTOW, Gilroy, Santa Clara Co., Cal. 

HAS THE LARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY PAPER IN THE VALLEY. 
1*. IP. Fisher, Advertising Agent, San Francisco. 



MOUNTAI N ME SSENGER. 

J. A. VATJGHN & CO. 

J. A. VAUGHN. E. K. DOWNER. D. L. WHITNEY. 

PUBLISHERS, DOWNIEVILLE, SIERRA CO., CAL. 



THE BEST LOCAL PAPER IN THE MOUNTAI 



Advertisements inserted at Reasonable Rates. 



SUBSCRIPTION : 85 per Annum, in Advance. 

Contracts for Advertising made with L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, San Francisco, will 
be attended to. 



ImOS ANGELES STAR 

DAILY AND WEEKLY. 
Is Published at Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Cal. 

By H. HAMILTON, Proprietor. 



The Star publishes the latest telegraphic news, and is specially devoted to the interests of the 
County. It is in its sixteenth volume, has a large circulation, and is the best medium for adver- 
tising in Los Angeles City and County, and for reaching the people of Southern California, Arizona 
Territory 6tc 

SUBSCRIPTION, (in advance). 

DAILY— One Year $12 00 I Six Months $6 00 I Three Months $3 00 

WEEKLY— One Year 5 00 " " 3 00 " " 150 



ADVERTISING RATES VERY REASONABLE. 



AGENTS. — New York, Hudson & Menet ; New York, S. M. Pettengill & Co. ; Boston, S. 
M. Pettengill & Co. ; San Francisco, L. P. Fisher. 



MENDOCINO DEMOCRAT, 

UKIAH CITY, MENDOCINO COUJSTTY, CAL. 

PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY, 

ALEX. MONTGOMERY, Editor and Publisher. 

Ukiah is the County Seat of Mendocino, one of the largest Counties of California. 
The Democrat is the official paper for all legal advertising, under state law, also, county 
official paper, and has LARGE CIRCULATION. L. P. Fisher, Advertising Agent, S. F. 




I have always on hand and for sale in lots to suit, at the lowest market rates, an excel- 
lent quality of NEWS INK, put up in packages of 25 to 100 pounds, and manufactured expressly 
for the California market. 

L. P. FISHER, Advertising Agent, 



(40 




a? k e 

Overland Monthly 

The only Literary Magazine Published on the Pacific Coast. 

TERMS : — $4 00 per Annum, Payable in Advance. 

Club Rates : — Two copies, $7 00 ; Five copies, $16 00 ; Ten copies, $30 00 ; 
and each additional copy, $3 00. For every Club of Twenty Subscribers, 
an extra copy will be furnished gratis. 

This magazine has become universally recognized as the best exponent of the Social, Literary, 
and Material Progress of the Pacific Slope, and it is the intention of the proprietor to retain in 
future numbers its characteristic reputation for 
ESSAYS ON LOCAL MATERIAL RESOURCES; 

TRAVELS AMD GEOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES; 

STUDIES OF WESTERN MANNERS AID CIVILIZATION; 
INDEPENDENT LITERARY CRITICISM. 
A limited number of suitable advertisements will be inserted at the following rates : 
Terms for Each Insertion, Monthly. 



Inside pages, full page, #50 00 

" " half-page, 25 00 

" quarter-page, 1500 

Facing reading, full page, 75 00 

"■ half-page, 4000 



Inside cover, full page, $75 00 

" " half-page 40 00 

Outside cover, full page, 150 00 

" " half -page, bo 00 



Published by JOMK S. CABMANT & CO. 

No. 4:09 Washington Street, San Francisco, Cal. 

6 (41) 



FIGARO 

THE ONLY JOURNAL OF AMUSEMENTS 

PUBLISHED ON THE PACIFIC COAST. 



Figaro 



Circulates as house programme in the places of amusement of San Fran- 
cisco, every night. 

Figaro 

Is distributed every day throughout the center of the city, in all Hotels, 
Restaurants, Saloons, Stores and Offices. 

Figaro 

Is circulated every day in Oakland and on the Oakland Ferry Boats, 



Figaro 



Is mailed every day to all the hotels in California, Nevada and Oregon — 
the papers left in the theatres at night being gathered up and saved for 
that purpose. 

Figaro 

Issues an average daily edition of 7,000 copies. 

J. JP. BOGAR&TJS, Editor and Proprietor. 

(42 ) 



Marysville Daily Appeal 

Published by the APPEAL ASSOCIATION. 

FKAS'K W. GROSS. J. BOSE3TBESG. C. J». JJ>A'WS<B3i". 

MARYSVILLE, YUBA COUNTY, CAL. 

TERMS: $10 a Year, in Advance. 

The oldest established paper north of Sacramento, consequently the best advertising medium 
on the Pacific slope. 

THE MMYSVILLE WEEKLY APPEAL, 

The Best Family Paper Published on the Pacific Coast, 

Also, the Best ADVERTISING 3IEDIUM in Northern California. 

Each number is complete in itself, and contains forty-eight columns of leading Matter, 

TERMS: ©5 per Year, in Advance. 



Hail^r amd W ©©Isly Appeal 

BOOK AND JOB PRINTING OFFICE, 

Corner Second Street and Maiden Lane, IVSarysvilIe ? Cat. 



The Latest and Most Elegant Styles of Presses, Type, Borders, Cards, 
Paper, Bronzes, Colored Inks, etc., enable us to execute 



EVERT DESCRIPTION OF 



Plain and Ornamental JoTb Printing. 

IN A SUPERIOR STYLE AT THE LOWEST PRICES. 



All work warranted to give satisfaction. (tgif* Country orders promptly filled. 

L. P. Fisher, Agent, San Francisco p. H- WARNER, BUSINESS MANAGER. 

(43 ) 



Bacon & Company, 

"excelsior office" 

7^1 PRINTERS 

HAVE THE LARGEST OFFICE, 

AND 

Do the most work of any firm on the Pacific Slope. 



In addition to their Printing facilities, they are fully prepared 
to execute all kinds of 

Paper Ruling and Book Binding 

AT SHORT NOTICE, AND LOW PRICES. 



Interior Offices will often find it to their advantage to send Jobs to this 
House, as we invariably allow a handsome discount to the Trade. 

• ESTIMATES GIVEN, WHEN DESIRED. 



( 4A ) 



SACRAMENTO DAILY UNION 

(ESTABLISHED IN 1851.) 

JAMBS ANTHONY & GO. 

Nos. 49 and 51 Third St., Sacramento, Cal. 

The Sackamknto Daily Union has the largest circulation of any newspaper in the State 
outside of San Francisco, and is probably exceeded by only one paper in that city. In Middle and 
Northern California it has a circulation greater than all the San Fraucisco dailies combined. 

THE DAILY UNION is published every day of the week, Sundays excepted. 

For One Year $12 00 

For Six Months ". 6 00 

For Three Months 3 00 



SACRAMENTO WEEKLY UNION. 

ESTABLISHED IN 1853. 

The Wkkkly Unjon has a greater circulation than all the San Francisco weeklies. 

For One Year, per mail <• $5 00 

For Six Months 3 00 

For Three Months 2 00 

LIBERAL TERMS TO CLUBS. 

Any person sending us $20 will receive FIVE copies of the Wkkkly Union for one year, and 
an extra copy gratis. 

Any person sending us $85 will receive TEX copies of the Wkkkly Union for one year, and an 
extra copy gratis. 

Any person sending us $60 will receive TWENTY copies of the Wkkkly Union for one year, 
and an extra copy gratis. 

Papers to Clubs must invariably be sent to one address, and no additions of names can be made 
to Clubs except to commence and expire with the original list. 

L. P. Fishkr, Advertising Agent, San Francisco, will contract for advertisements for Sacramento 
Union. 






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